404 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
404 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
# Python自动化之Excel
|
||
|
||
方法一：应用pip执行命令
|
||
|
||
安装**openpyxl**模块`pip install openpyxl`
|
||
|
||
方法二：在Pycharm中：File->Setting->左侧Project Interpreter
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Excel读取
|
||
|
||
#### 读取对应表格
|
||
|
||
1. 打开已经存在的Excel表格
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import load_workbook
|
||
|
||
exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
|
||
print(exl.sheetnames)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 根据名称或去表格
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import load_workbook
|
||
|
||
exl_1 = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
|
||
print(exl_1.sheetnames)
|
||
|
||
sheet = exl_1['work']
|
||
|
||
'若只有一张表则：'
|
||
sheet = exl_1.active
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. 获取Excel 内容占据的大小
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
print(sheet.dimensions)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 读取单元格
|
||
|
||
1. 获取某个单元格的具体内容
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
cell = sheet.cell(row=1,column=2) #指定行列数
|
||
print(cell.value)
|
||
|
||
cell_1 = sheet['A1'] #指定坐标
|
||
print(cell_1.value)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 获取单元格对应的行、列和坐标
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
print(cell_1.row, cell_1.column, cell.coordinate)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 读取多个格子的值
|
||
|
||
1. 指定坐标范围
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
cells = sheet['A1:C8'] #A1到C8区域的值
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 指定行的值
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
Row = sheet[1] #第1行的值
|
||
Rows = sheet[1:2] #第1到2行的值
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. 指定列的值
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
Column = sheet['A'] #第A列
|
||
Columns = sheet['A:C'] #第A到C列
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
4. 指定范围的值
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
# 行获取
|
||
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row = 1, max_row = 5,
|
||
min_col = 2, max_col = 6):
|
||
print(row)
|
||
# 一列由多个单元格组成，若需要获取每个单元格的值则循环获取即可
|
||
for cell in row:
|
||
print(cell.value)
|
||
|
||
# 列获取
|
||
for col in sheet.iter_cols(min_row = 1, max_row = 5,
|
||
min_col = 2, max_col = 6):
|
||
print(col)
|
||
|
||
for cell in col:
|
||
print(cell.value)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 练习题
|
||
|
||
找出test_1.xlsx中sheet1表中空着的格子，并输出这些格子的坐标
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import load_workbook
|
||
|
||
exl = load_workbood('test_1.xlsx')
|
||
sheet = exl.active
|
||
for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_row = 1, max_row = 29972,
|
||
min_col = 1, max_col = 10):
|
||
#具体查看对应表格的行列数
|
||
for cell in row:
|
||
if not cell.value:
|
||
print(cell.coordinate)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Excel写入
|
||
|
||
#### 写入单元格并保存
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import load_workbook
|
||
|
||
exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
|
||
sheet = exl.active
|
||
sheet['A1'] = 'hello word'
|
||
#或者cell = sheet['A1']
|
||
#cell.value = 'hello word'
|
||
exl.save(filename = 'test.xlsx') #存入原Excel表中，若创建新文件则可命名为不同名称
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 写入行数据并保存
|
||
|
||
1. 写入一行数据并保存
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
import xlwt
|
||
workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8')
|
||
# 创建一个sheet
|
||
sheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')
|
||
|
||
# 写入excel
|
||
# 参数对应 行, 列, 值
|
||
sheet.write(1,0,label = 'this is test')
|
||
|
||
# 保存
|
||
workbook.save('new_test.xls')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 写入多行数据并保存
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
data = [['hello',22,'hi'],
|
||
['hell',23,'h'],
|
||
['he',25,'him']]
|
||
for i in range(len(data)):
|
||
for j in range(len(data[i])):
|
||
worksheet.write(i,j,data[i][j])
|
||
exl.save(filename = 'test.xlsx')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 将公式写入单元格保存
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sheet['A2'] = 'SUM(A1:D1)'
|
||
exl.save(filename='test.xlsx')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 插入列数据
|
||
|
||
1. 插入一列
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2) #idx=2第2列，第2列前插入一列
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 插入多列
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
#第2列前插入5列作为举例
|
||
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2, amount=5)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 插入行数据
|
||
|
||
第2行前上面插入一行(或多行)
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
#插入一行
|
||
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2)
|
||
#插入多行
|
||
sheet.insert_cols(idx=2, amount=5)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 删除
|
||
|
||
1. 删除多列
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sheet.delete_cols(idx=5, amount=2) #第5列前删除2列
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 删除多行
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sheet.delete_rows(idx=2, amount=5)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 移动
|
||
|
||
当数字为正即向下或向右，为负即为向上或向左
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sheet.move_range('C5:F10', row=2, cols=-3)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### Sheet表操作
|
||
|
||
1. 创建新的sheet
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import load_workbook
|
||
|
||
exl = load_workbook(filename = 'test.xlsx')
|
||
print(exl.sheetnames)
|
||
|
||
exl.create_sheet('new_sheet')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 复制已有的sheet
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
exl.copy_worksheet(sheet)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. 修改sheet表名
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sheet = exl.active
|
||
sheet.title = 'newname'
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 创建新的Excel表
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import load_workbook
|
||
|
||
workbook = Workbook()
|
||
sheet = workbook.active
|
||
workbook.save(filename = 'new_test.xlsx')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Excel 样式
|
||
|
||
#### 设置字体样式
|
||
|
||
1. 设置字体样式
|
||
|
||
`Font(name字体名称,size大小,bold粗体,italic斜体,color颜色)`
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import Workbook
|
||
from openpyxl.styles import Font
|
||
|
||
workbook = Workbook()
|
||
sheet = workbook.active
|
||
cell = sheet['A1']
|
||
font = Font(name='字体', sizee=10, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF0000')
|
||
cell.font = font
|
||
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 设置多个格子的字体样式
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import Workbook
|
||
from openpyxl.styles import Font
|
||
|
||
workbook = Workbook()
|
||
sheet = workbook.active
|
||
cells = sheet[2]
|
||
font = Font(name='字体', sizee=10, bold=True, italic=True, color='FF000000')
|
||
for cell in cells:
|
||
cell.font = font
|
||
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 设置对齐样式
|
||
|
||
水平对齐：`distributed, justify, center, left, fill, centerContinuous, right, general`
|
||
|
||
垂直对齐：`bottom, distributed, justify, center, top`
|
||
|
||
1. 设置单元格边框样式
|
||
|
||
`Side(style变现样式， color边线颜色)`
|
||
|
||
`Border(左右上下边线)`
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import Workbook
|
||
from openpyxl.styles import Font
|
||
|
||
workbook = Workbook()
|
||
sheet = workbook.active
|
||
cell = sheet['A1']
|
||
side = Side(style='thin', color='FF000000')
|
||
#先定好side的格式
|
||
border = Border(left=side, right=side, top=side, bottom=side)
|
||
#代入边线中
|
||
cell.border = border
|
||
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 设置单元格边框样式
|
||
|
||
变现样式：`double, mediumDashDotDot, slantDashDot, dashDotDot, dotted, hair, mediumDashed, dashed, dashDot, thin, mediumDashDot, medium, thick `
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import Workbook
|
||
from openpyxl.styles import Font
|
||
|
||
workbook = Workbook()
|
||
sheet = workbook.active
|
||
cell = sheet['A1']
|
||
pattern_fill = PatternFill(fill_type='solid', fgColor
|
||
cell1.fill = pattern_fill
|
||
#单色填充
|
||
cell2 = sheet['A3']
|
||
gradient_fill = GradientFill(stop=('FFFFFF', '99ccff','000000'))
|
||
cell2.fill = gradient_fill
|
||
#渐变填充
|
||
workbook.save(filename='new_test')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 设置行高与列宽
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import Workbook
|
||
|
||
workbook = Workbook()
|
||
sheet = workbook.active
|
||
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
|
||
sheet.column_dimensions['C'].width = 20 workbook.save(filename='new_test')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 合并、取消合并单元格
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
sheet.merge_cells('A1:B2')
|
||
sheet.merge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=3,
|
||
end_row=2, end_column=4)
|
||
|
||
sheet.unmerge_cells('A1:B2')
|
||
sheet.unmerge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=3,
|
||
end_row=2, end_column=4)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
#### 练习题
|
||
|
||
打开test文件，找出文件中购买数量`buy_mount`超过5的行，并对其标红、加粗、附上边框。
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
from openpyxl import load_workbook
|
||
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Side, Border
|
||
|
||
workbook = load_workbook('./test.xlsx')
|
||
sheet = workbook.active
|
||
buy_mount = sheet['F']
|
||
row_lst = []
|
||
|
||
for cell in buy_mount:
|
||
if isinstance(cell.value, int) and cell.value > 5:
|
||
print(cell.row)
|
||
row_lst.append(cell.row)
|
||
|
||
side = Side(style='thin', color='FF000000')
|
||
border = Border(left=side, right=side, top=side, bottom=side)
|
||
font = Font(bold=True, color='FF0000')
|
||
for row in row_lst:
|
||
for cell in sheet[row]:
|
||
cell.font = font
|
||
cell.border = border
|
||
workbook.save('new_test'.xlsx')
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|