prepare for function-call optimization

now they all use nasal_ref::print

.github/workflows/c-cpp.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+name: C/C++ CI
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+   - cron: "0 16 * * *"
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - name: make
+      run: make
+    - name: Release file
+      # You may pin to the exact commit or the version.
+      # uses: djnicholson/release-action@e9a535b3eced09c460e07a84118fb74ae9b53236
+      uses: marvinpinto/action-automatic-releases@v1.2.1
+      with:
+        # GitHub auth token
+        repo_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        # Name of Release to add file to
+        title: macOS Nightly build
+        # Name of the tag for the release (will be associated with current branch)
+        automatic_release_tag: next
+        # File to release
+        files: nasal
+   

.gitignore

@@ -30,3 +30,7 @@
 *.exe
 *.out
 *.app
+
+nasal
+.vscode
+dump

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2021 ValKmjolnir
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

lib.nas

@@ -1,167 +1,331 @@
-var import=func(filename)
-{
-    nasal_call_import(filename);
-    return nil;
+# lib.nas
+
+# import is used to link another file, this lib function will do nothing.
+# because nasal_import will recognize this and link files before generating bytecode.
+var import=func(filename){
+    return __builtin_import(filename);
 }
-var print=func(elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
-};
-var append=func(vector,elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_push_back(vector,elements);
-    return nil;
+
+# print is used to print all things in nasal, try and see how it works.
+# this function uses std::cout/printf to output logs.
+var print=func(elems...){
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
 }
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
+
+# append is used to add values into a vector.
+var append=func(vec,elems...){
+    return __builtin_append(vec,elems);
 }
-var system=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_system(str);
-    return;
+
+# setsize is used to change the size of vector.
+# if the size is larger than before,
+# this function will fill vm_nil into uninitialized space.
+var setsize=func(vec,size){
+    return __builtin_setsize(vec,size);
 }
-var input=func()
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_input();
+
+# system has the same use in C.
+var system=func(str){
+    return __builtin_system(str);
 }
-var sleep=func(duration)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_sleep(duration);
-    return;
+
+# input uses std::cin and returns what we input.
+var input=func(){
+    return __builtin_input();
 }
-var split=func(delimeter,string)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_split(delimeter,string);
+
+# split a string by delimiter for example:
+# split("ll","hello world") -> ["he","o world"]
+# this function will return a vector.
+var split=func(deli,str){
+    return __builtin_split(deli,str);
 }
-var rand=func(seed=nil)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_rand(seed);
+
+# rand has the same function as the rand in C
+# if seed is nil, it will return the random number.
+# if seed is not nil, it will be initialized by this seed.
+var rand=func(seed=nil){
+    return __builtin_rand(seed);
 }
-var id=func(thing)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_id(thing);
+
+# id will return the pointer of an gc-object.
+# if this object is not managed by gc, it will return 0.
+var id=func(object){
+    return __builtin_id(object);
 }
-var int=func(value)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_int(value);
+
+# int will get the integer of input number.
+# but carefully use it, because int has range between -2147483648~2147483647
+var int=func(val){
+    return __builtin_int(val);
 }
-var num=func(value)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_num(value);
+
+# num will change all the other types into number.
+# mostly used to change a numerable string.
+var num=func(val){
+    return __builtin_num(val);
 }
-var pop=func(vector)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_pop_back(vector);
+
+# pop used to pop the last element in a vector.
+# this function will return the value that poped if vector has element(s).
+# if the vector is empty, it will return nil.
+var pop=func(vec){
+    return __builtin_pop(vec);
 }
-var str=func(number)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_str(number);
+
+# str is used to change number into string.
+var str=func(num){
+    return __builtin_str(num);
 }
-var size=func(object)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_size(object);
+
+# size can get the size of a string/vector/hashmap.
+# in fact it can also get the size of number, and the result is the number itself.
+# so don't do useless things, though it really works.
+var size=func(object){
+    return __builtin_size(object);
 }
-var contains=func(hash,key)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_contains(hash,key);
+
+# contains is used to check if a key exists in a hashmap/dict.
+var contains=func(hash,key){
+    return __builtin_contains(hash,key);
 }
-var delete=func(hash,key)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_delete(hash,key);
-    return;
+
+# delete is used to delete a pair in a hashmap/dict by key.
+var delete=func(hash,key){
+    return __builtin_delete(hash,key);
 }
-var keys=func(hash)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_keys(hash);
+
+# keys is used to get all keys in a hashmap/dict.
+# this function will return a vector.
+var keys=func(hash){
+    return __builtin_keys(hash);
 }
-var time=func(begin_time)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_time(begin_time);
+
+# time has the same function in C.
+var time=func(begin){
+    return __builtin_time(begin);
 }
-var die=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_die(str);
-    return nil;
+
+# die is a special native function.
+# use it at where you want the program to crash immediately.
+var die=func(str){
+    return __builtin_die(str);
 }
-var typeof=func(object)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_type(object);
+
+# typeof is used to get the type of an object.
+# this function returns a string.
+var typeof=func(object){
+    return __builtin_type(object);
 }
-var substr=func(str,begin,length)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_substr(str,begin,length);
+
+# substr will get the sub-string.
+# it gets the string, the begin index and sub-string's length as arguments.
+var substr=func(str,begin,len){
+    return __builtin_substr(str,begin,len);
+}
+
+# streq is used to compare if two strings are the same.
+var streq=func(a,b){
+    return __builtin_streq(a,b);
+}
+
+# left is used to get the sub-string like substr.
+# but the begin index is 0.
+var left=func(str,len){
+    return __builtin_left(str,len);
+}
+
+# right i used to get the sub-string like substr.
+# but the begin index is strlen-len.
+var right=func(str,len){
+    return __builtin_right(str,len);
+}
+
+# cmp is used to compare two strings.
+# normal string will not be correctly compared by operators < > <= >=
+# because these operators will turn strings into numbers then compare.
+var cmp=func(a,b){
+    return __builtin_cmp(a,b);
+}
+
+# chr is used to get the character by ascii-number.
+# for example chr(65) -> 'A'
+var chr=func(code){
+    return __builtin_chr(code);
+}
+
+# println has the same function as print.
+# but it will output a '\n' after using print.
+var println=func(elems...){
+    __builtin_print(elems);
+    elems=['\n'];
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
 }
 
 var io=
 {
-    fin:func(filename)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_finput(filename);
-    },
-    fout:func(filename,str)
-    {
-        nasal_call_builtin_foutput(filename,str);
-        return;
-    }
+    SEEK_SET:0,
+    SEEK_CUR:1,
+    SEEK_END:2,
+    # get content of a file by filename. returns a string.
+    fin:   func(filename){return __builtin_fin(filename);},
+    # input a string as the content of a file.
+    fout:  func(filename,str){return __builtin_fout(filename,str);},
+    # same as C fopen. open file and get the FILE*.
+    open:  func(filename,mode="r"){return __builtin_open(filename,mode);},
+    # same as C fclose. close file by FILE*.
+    close: func(filehandle){return __builtin_close(filehandle);},
+    # same as C fread. read file by FILE*.
+    read:  func(filehandle,buf,len){return __builtin_read(filehandle,buf,len);},
+    # same as C fwrite. write file by FILE*.
+    write: func(filehandle,str){return __builtin_write(filehandle,str);},
+    # same as C fseek. seek place by FILE*.
+    seek:  func(filehandle,pos,whence){return __builtin_seek(filehandle,pos,whence);},
+    # same as C ftell.
+    tell:  func(filehandle){return __builtin_tell(filehandle);},
+    # read file by lines. use FILE*.
+    # get nil if EOF
+    readln:func(filehandle){return __builtin_readln(filehandle);},
+    # same as C stat.
+    stat:  func(filename){return __builtin_stat(filename);},
+    # same as C feof. check if FILE* gets the end of file(EOF).
+    eof:   func(filehandle){return __builtin_eof(filehandle);}
 };
 
+# get file status. using data from io.stat
+var fstat=func(filename){
+    var s=io.stat(filename);
+    return {
+        st_dev:  s[0],
+        st_ino:  s[1],
+        st_mode: s[2],
+        st_nlink:s[3],
+        st_uid:  s[4],
+        st_gid:  s[5],
+        st_rdev: s[6],
+        st_size: s[7],
+        st_atime:s[8],
+        st_mtime:s[9],
+        st_ctime:s[10]
+    };
+}
+
+# functions that do bitwise calculation.
+# carefully use it, all the calculations are based on integer.
 var bits=
 {
-    bitxor:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_xor(a,b);
-    },
-    bitand:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_and(a,b);
-    },
-    bitor:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_or(a,b);
-    },
-    bitnand:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_nand(a,b);
-    },
-    bitnot:func(a)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_not(a);
-    }
+    # xor
+    bitxor:  func(a,b){return __builtin_xor(a,b); },
+    # and
+    bitand:  func(a,b){return __builtin_and(a,b); },
+    # or
+    bitor:   func(a,b){return __builtin_or(a,b);  },
+    # nand
+    bitnand: func(a,b){return __builtin_nand(a,b);},
+    # not
+    bitnot:  func(a)  {return __builtin_not(a);   },
+    # get bit data from a special string. for example:
+    # bits.fld(s,0,3);
+    # if s stores 10100010(162)
+    # will get 101(5).
+    fld:     func(str,startbit,len){return __builtin_fld;},
+    # get sign-extended data from a special string. for example:
+    # bits.sfld(s,0,3);
+    # if s stores 10100010(162)
+    # will get 101(5) then this will be signed extended to
+    # 11111101(-3).
+    sfld:    func(str,startbit,len){return __builtin_sfld;},
+    # set value into a special string to store it. little-endian, for example:
+    # bits.setfld(s,0,8,69);
+    # set 01000101(69) to string will get this:
+    # 10100010(162)
+    # so s[0]=162.
+    setfld:  func(str,startbit,len,val){return __builtin_setfld;},
+    # get a special string filled by '\0' to use in setfld.
+    buf:     func(len){return __builtin_buf;}
 };
 
+# mostly used math functions and special constants, you know.
 var math=
 {
-    e:2.7182818284590452354,
-    pi:3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
-    sin:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_sin(x);
-    },
-    cos:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cos(x);
-    },
-    tan:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_tan(x);
-    },
-    exp:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_exp(x);
-    }, 
-    ln:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_ln(x);
-    },
-    sqrt:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_sqrt(x);
-    },
-    atan2:func(x,y)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_atan2(x,y);
-    },
+    e:     2.7182818284590452354,
+    pi:    3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
+    inf:   1/0,
+    nan:   0/0,
+    sin:   func(x)  {return __builtin_sin(x);    },
+    cos:   func(x)  {return __builtin_cos(x);    },
+    tan:   func(x)  {return __builtin_tan(x);    },
+    exp:   func(x)  {return __builtin_exp(x);    },
+    lg:    func(x)  {return __builtin_lg(x);     },
+    ln:    func(x)  {return __builtin_ln(x);     },
+    sqrt:  func(x)  {return __builtin_sqrt(x);   },
+    atan2: func(x,y){return __builtin_atan2(x,y);},
+    isnan: func(x)  {return __builtin_isnan(x);  }
 };
+
+var unix=
+{
+    pipe:     func(){die("not supported yet");},
+    fork:     func(){die("not supported yet");},
+    dup2:     func(fd0,fd1){die("not supported yet");},
+    exec:     func(filename,argv,envp){die("not supported yet");},
+    waitpid:  func(pid,nohang=0){die("not supported yet");},
+    isdir:    func(path){return bits.bitand(io.stat(path)[2],0x4000);}, # S_IFDIR 0x4000
+    isfile:   func(path){return bits.bitand(io.stat(path)[2],0x8000);}, # S_IFREG 0x8000
+    opendir:  func(path){return __builtin_opendir;},
+    readdir:  func(handle){return __builtin_readdir;},
+    closedir: func(handle){return __builtin_closedir;},
+    time:     func(){return time(0);},
+    sleep:    func(secs){return __builtin_sleep(secs);},
+    chdir:    func(path){return __builtin_chdir(path);},
+    environ:  func(){die("not supported yet");},
+    getcwd:   func(){return __builtin_getcwd();},
+    getenv:   func(envvar){return __builtin_getenv(envvar);}
+};
+
+# dylib is the core hashmap for developers to load their own library.
+var dylib=
+{
+    # open dynamic lib.
+    dlopen:  func(libname){return __builtin_dlopen;},
+    # load symbol from an open dynamic lib.
+    dlsym:   func(lib,sym){return __builtin_dlsym; },
+    # close dynamic lib, this operation will make all the symbols loaded from it invalid.
+    dlclose: func(lib){return __builtin_dlclose;   },
+    # call the loaded symbol.
+    dlcall:  func(funcptr,args...){return __builtin_dlcall}
+};
+
+# os is used to use or get some os-related info/functions.
+# windows/macOS/linux are supported.
+var os=
+{
+    # get a string that tell which os it runs on.
+    platform: func(){return __builtin_platform;}
+};
+
+# runtime gives us some functions that we could manage it manually.
+var runtime=
+{
+    # do garbage collection manually.
+    # carefully use it because using it frequently may make program running slower.
+    gc: func(){return __builtin_gc;}
+};
+
+# important global constants
+var D2R=math.pi/180;
+var FPS2KT=0.5925;
+var FT2M=0.3048;
+var GAL2L=3.7854;
+var IN2M=0.0254;
+var KG2LB=2.2046;
+var KT2FPS=1.6878;
+var KT2MPS=0.5144;
+var L2GAL=0.2642;
+var LB2KG=0.4536;
+var M2FT=3.2808;
+var M2IN=39.3701;
+var M2NM=0.00054;
+var MPS2KT=1.9438;
+var NM2M=1852;
+var R2D=180/math.pi;

main.cpp

@@ -1,221 +1,162 @@
-#include "nasal.h"
-
-nasal_lexer    lexer;
-nasal_parse    parse;
-nasal_import   import;
-std::string    inputfile="null";
-nasal_runtime  runtime;
-nasal_codegen  code_generator;
-nasal_bytecode_vm bytevm;
-
-void help()
-{
-	std::cout<<">> [\"file\"] input a file name.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [help  ] show help.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [clear ] clear the screen.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [del   ] clear the input filename.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [lex   ] use lexer to turn code into tokens.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [ast   ] do parsing and check the abstract syntax tree.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [run   ] run abstract syntax tree.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [code  ] show byte code.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [exec  ] execute program on bytecode vm.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [logo  ] print logo of nasal .\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [exit  ] quit nasal interpreter.\n";
-	return;
-}
-
-void logo()
-{
-    std::cout<<"       __                _      \n";
-	std::cout<<"    /\\ \\ \\__ _ ___  __ _| |  \n";
-	std::cout<<"   /  \\/ / _` / __|/ _` | |    \n";
-	std::cout<<"  / /\\  / (_| \\__ \\ (_| | |  \n";
-	std::cout<<"  \\_\\ \\/ \\__,_|___/\\__,_|_|\n";
-    return;
-}
-
-void del_func()
-{
-	lexer.clear();
-	parse.clear();
-	inputfile="null";
-	std::cout<<">> [Delete] complete.\n";
-	return;
-}
-
-void die(std::string stage,std::string filename)
-{
-	std::cout<<">> ["<<stage<<"] in <\""<<filename<<"\">: error(s) occurred,stop.\n";
-	return;
-}
-
-void lex_func()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	lexer.print_token();
-	return;
-}
-
-void ast_print()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.get_root().print_ast(0);
-	return;
-}
-
-void runtime_start()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	import.link(parse.get_root());
-	if(import.get_error())
-	{
-		die("import",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	runtime.set_root(import.get_root());
-	runtime.run();
-	return;
-}
-
-void show_bytecode()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	import.link(parse.get_root());
-	if(import.get_error())
-	{
-		die("import",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	code_generator.main_progress(import.get_root());
-	code_generator.print_byte_code();
-	return;
-}
-
-void execute()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	import.link(parse.get_root());
-	if(import.get_error())
-	{
-		die("import",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	code_generator.main_progress(import.get_root());
-	bytevm.run(
-		code_generator.get_string_table(),
-		code_generator.get_number_table(),
-		code_generator.get_exec_code()
-	);
-	return;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-	std::string command;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	// use chcp 65001 to use unicode io
-	system("chcp 65001");
-	system("cls");
-#endif
-	logo();
-	std::cout<<">> Nasal interpreter ver 3.0 .\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Code: https://github.com/ValKmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Info: http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_scripting_language\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Input \"help\" to get help .\n";
-    while(1)
-	{
-		std::cout<<">> ";
-		std::cin>>command;
-		if(command=="help")
-			help();
-		else if(command=="clear")
-		{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-			system("cls");
-#endif
-#ifdef _linux_
-			system("clear");
-#endif
-#ifdef TARGET_OS_MAC
-			system("clear");
-#endif
-		}
-		else if(command=="del")
-			del_func();
-		else if(command=="lex")
-			lex_func();
-		else if(command=="ast")
-			ast_print();
-		else if(command=="run")
-			runtime_start();
-		else if(command=="code")
-			show_bytecode();
-		else if(command=="exec")
-			execute();
-		else if(command=="logo")
-			logo();
-		else if(command=="exit")
-			break;
-		else
-			inputfile=command;
-	}
-    return 0;
+#include "nasal.h"
+
+const uint32_t VM_LEXINFO  =1;
+const uint32_t VM_ASTINFO  =2;
+const uint32_t VM_CODEINFO =4;
+const uint32_t VM_EXECTIME =8;
+const uint32_t VM_OPCALLNUM=16;
+const uint32_t VM_EXEC     =32;
+const uint32_t VM_DBGINFO  =64;
+const uint32_t VM_DEBUG    =128;
+const uint32_t VM_OPTIMIZE =256;
+
+void help()
+{
+    std::cout
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    <<"use command \'chcp 65001\' if want to use unicode.\n"
+#endif
+    <<"nasal <option>\n"
+    <<"option:\n"
+    <<"    -h, --help    | get help.\n"
+    <<"    -v, --version | get version of nasal interpreter.\n\n"
+    <<"nasal <file>\n"
+    <<"file:\n"
+    <<"    input file name to execute script file.\n\n"
+    <<"nasal [options...] <file>\n"
+    <<"option:\n"
+    <<"    -l,   --lex     | view token info.\n"
+    <<"    -a,   --ast     | view abstract syntax tree.\n"
+    <<"    -c,   --code    | view bytecode.\n"
+    <<"    -e,   --exec    | execute.\n"
+    <<"    -t,   --time    | execute and get the running time.\n"
+    <<"    -o,   --opcnt   | execute and count used operands.\n"
+    <<"    -d,   --detail  | execute and get detail crash info.\n"
+    <<"                    | get garbage collector info if didn't crash.\n"
+    <<"    -op,  --optimize| use optimizer(beta).\n"
+    <<"                    | if want to use -op and run, please use -op -e/-t/-o/-d.\n"
+    <<"    -dbg, --debug   | debug mode (this will ignore -t -o -d).\n"
+    <<"file:\n"
+    <<"    input file name to execute script file.\n";
+}
+
+void logo()
+{
+    std::cout
+    <<"       __                _      \n"
+    <<"    /\\ \\ \\__ _ ___  __ _| |  \n"
+    <<"   /  \\/ / _` / __|/ _` | |    \n"
+    <<"  / /\\  / (_| \\__ \\ (_| | |  \n"
+    <<"  \\_\\ \\/ \\__,_|___/\\__,_|_|\n"
+    <<"nasal interpreter ver 8.0\n"
+    <<"thanks to : https://github.com/andyross/nasal\n"
+    <<"code repo : https://github.com/ValKmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n"
+    <<"code repo : https://gitee.com/valkmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n"
+    <<"lang info : http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_scripting_language\n"
+    <<"input <nasal -h> to get help .\n";
+}
+
+void err()
+{
+    std::cout
+    <<"invalid argument(s).\n"
+    <<"use <nasal -h> to get help.\n";
+    std::exit(1);
+}
+
+void execute(const std::string& file,const uint32_t cmd)
+{
+    // front end use the same error module
+    nasal_err     nerr;
+    nasal_lexer   lexer(nerr);
+    nasal_parse   parse(nerr);
+    nasal_import  linker(nerr);
+    nasal_codegen gen(nerr);
+    // back end
+    nasal_vm      vm;
+
+    // lexer scans file to get tokens
+    lexer.scan(file);
+    if(cmd&VM_LEXINFO)
+        lexer.print();
+    
+    // parser gets lexer's token list to compile
+    parse.compile(lexer);
+    // linker gets parser's ast and load import files to this ast
+    linker.link(parse,file);
+    if(cmd&VM_ASTINFO)
+        parse.print();
+    
+    // optimizer does simple optimization on ast
+    if(cmd&VM_OPTIMIZE)
+        optimize(parse.ast());
+    
+    // code generator gets parser's ast and linker's import file list to generate code
+    gen.compile(parse,linker);
+    if(cmd&VM_CODEINFO)
+        gen.print();
+    
+    // run bytecode
+    if(cmd&VM_DEBUG)
+    {
+        nasal_dbg debugger;
+        debugger.run(gen,linker);
+    }
+    else if(cmd&VM_EXECTIME)
+    {
+        clock_t t=clock();
+        vm.run(gen,linker,cmd&VM_OPCALLNUM,cmd&VM_DBGINFO);
+        std::cout<<"process exited after "<<((double)(clock()-t))/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<"s.\n";
+    }
+    else if(cmd&VM_EXEC)
+        vm.run(gen,linker,cmd&VM_OPCALLNUM,cmd&VM_DBGINFO);
+}
+
+int main(int argc,const char* argv[])
+{
+    if(argc<=1)
+    {
+        logo();
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if(argc==2)
+    {
+        std::string s(argv[1]);
+        if(s=="-v" || s=="--version")
+            logo();
+        else if(s=="-h" || s=="--help")
+            help();
+        else if(s[0]!='-')
+            execute(s,VM_EXEC);
+        else
+            err();
+        return 0;
+    }
+    uint32_t cmd=0;
+    for(int i=1;i<argc-1;++i)
+    {
+        std::string s(argv[i]);
+        if(s=="--lex" || s=="-l")
+            cmd|=VM_LEXINFO;
+        else if(s=="--ast" || s=="-a")
+            cmd|=VM_ASTINFO;
+        else if(s=="--code" || s=="-c")
+            cmd|=VM_CODEINFO;
+        else if(s=="--exec" || s=="-e")
+            cmd|=VM_EXEC;
+        else if(s=="--opcnt" || s=="-o")
+            cmd|=VM_OPCALLNUM|VM_EXEC;
+        else if(s=="--time" || s=="-t")
+            cmd|=VM_EXECTIME;
+        else if(s=="--detail" || s=="-d")
+            cmd|=VM_DBGINFO|VM_EXEC;
+        else if(s=="--optimize" || s=="-op")
+            cmd|=VM_OPTIMIZE;
+        else if(s=="--debug" || s=="-dbg")
+            cmd|=VM_DEBUG;
+        else
+            err();
+    }
+    execute(argv[argc-1],cmd);
+    return 0;
 }

makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+.PHONY=test
+nasal:main.cpp nasal_ast.h nasal_err.h nasal_builtin.h nasal_opt.h nasal_codegen.h nasal_gc.h nasal_import.h nasal_lexer.h nasal_parse.h nasal_vm.h nasal_dbg.h nasal.h
+	clang++ -std=c++11 -O3 main.cpp -o nasal -fno-exceptions -ldl -Wshadow -Wall
+test:nasal
+	./nasal -op -e test/ascii-art.nas
+	./nasal -op -c test/bf.nas
+	./nasal -op -c test/bfconvertor.nas
+	./nasal -op -e -d test/bfs.nas
+	./nasal -op -t test/bigloop.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/bp.nas
+	./nasal -op -e -d test/calc.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/choice.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/class.nas
+	./nasal -op -c test/exception.nas
+	./nasal -op -t -d test/fib.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/filesystem.nas
+	./nasal -op -e -d test/hexdump.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/json.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/leetcode1319.nas
+	./nasal -op -e -d test/lexer.nas
+	./nasal -op -e -d test/life.nas
+	./nasal -op -t test/loop.nas
+	./nasal -op -t -d test/mandel.nas
+	./nasal -op -t -d test/mandelbrot.nas
+	./nasal -op -c test/module_test.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/nasal_test.nas
+	./nasal -op -t -d test/pi.nas
+	./nasal -op -t -d test/prime.nas
+	./nasal -op -t -d test/quick_sort.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/scalar.nas
+	./nasal -op -e test/trait.nas
+	./nasal -op -t -d test/turingmachine.nas
+	./nasal -op -t -d test/ycombinator.nas
+	

module/fib.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include "../nasal.h"
+
+double fibonaci(double x){
+    if(x<=2)
+        return x;
+    return fibonaci(x-1)+fibonaci(x-2);
+}
+extern "C" nasal_ref fib(std::vector<nasal_ref>& args,nasal_gc& gc){
+    std::cout<<"[mod] this is the first test module of nasal\n";
+    nasal_ref num=args[0];
+    if(num.type!=vm_num)
+        return builtin_err("extern_fib","\"num\" must be number");
+    return {vm_num,fibonaci(num.to_number())};
+}
+extern "C" nasal_ref quick_fib(std::vector<nasal_ref>& args,nasal_gc& gc){
+    std::cout<<"[mod] this is the first test module of nasal\n";
+    nasal_ref num=args[0];
+    if(num.type!=vm_num)
+        return builtin_err("extern_quick_fib","\"num\" must be number");
+    if(num.num()<2)
+        return num;
+    double a=1,b=1,res=0;
+    for(double i=1;i<num.num();i+=1){
+        res=a+b;
+        a=b;
+        b=res;
+    }
+    return {vm_num,res};
+}

module/makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.PHONY=clean
+libfib.so: fib.cpp
+	clang++ -c -O3 fib.cpp -fPIC -o fib.o
+	clang++ -shared -o libfib.so fib.o
+libfib.dll: fib.cpp
+	g++ -c -O3 fib.cpp -fPIC -o fib.o
+	g++ -shared -o libfib.dll fib.o
+clean:
+	rm *.o *.so *.dll *.dylib

nasal.ebnf

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ hashmember::=
     id|string ':' calculation
 ;
 function::= 
-    func argument_list expressions
+    func {argument_list} exprs|expr
 ;
 argument_list::=
     '(' [{id ','} ([id '...']|{id '=' scalar ','})] ')'
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ expr::=
     |continue_expr
     |break_expr
 ;
-expressions::=
+exprs::=
     '{' {expr} '}'
 ;
 calculation::=
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ unary::=
 ;
 scalar::=
     function {call_scalar}
-    |[func] identifier {call_scalar}
     |vector {call_scalar}
     |hash {call_scalar}
     |number
     |string
+    |nil
     |'(' calculation ')' {call_scalar}
 ;
 call_scalar::=
@@ -108,18 +108,18 @@ loop::=
     |forei_loop
 ;
 while_loop::=
-    while '(' calculation ')' expressions
+    while '(' calculation ')' exprs
 ;
 for_loop::=
-    for '(' [definition|calculation] ';' [calculation] ';' [calculation] ')' expressions
+    for '(' [definition|calculation] ';' [calculation] ';' [calculation] ')' exprs
 ;
 forei_loop::=
-    (forindex | foreach) '(' (definition | calculation) ';' calculation ')' expressions
+    (forindex | foreach) '(' (definition | calculation) ';' calculation ')' exprs
 ;
 conditional::=
-    if '(' calculation ')' expressions
-    {elsif '(' calculation ')' expressions}
-    [else expressions]
+    if '(' calculation ')' exprs
+    {elsif '(' calculation ')' exprs}
+    [else exprs]
 ;
 continue_expr::=
     continue

nasal.h

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef __NASAL_H__
 #define __NASAL_H__
 
-#pragma GCC optimize(2)
-
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -14,127 +13,130 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <ctime>
 #include <cmath>
-#include <thread>
 #include <list>
 #include <stack>
 #include <queue>
 #include <vector>
-#include <map>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
-/*
-	check if a string can be converted to a number
-	if this string cannot be converted to a number,it will return nan
-*/
-inline double hex_to_double(std::string str)
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#else
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif
+
+inline double hex_to_double(const char* str)
 {
-	double ret=0;
-	for(int i=2;str[i];++i)
-	{
-		ret*=16;
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'0');
-		else if('a'<=str[i] && str[i]<='f')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'a'+10);
-		else if('A'<=str[i] && str[i]<='F')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'A'+10);
-		else
-			return std::nan("");
-	}
-	return ret;
+    double ret=0;
+    for(;*str;++str)
+    {
+        ret*=16;
+        if('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+            ret+=(*str-'0');
+        else if('a'<=*str && *str<='f')
+            ret+=(*str-'a'+10);
+        else if('A'<=*str && *str<='F')
+            ret+=(*str-'A'+10);
+        else
+            return nan("");
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
-inline double oct_to_double(std::string str)
+inline double oct_to_double(const char* str)
 {
-	double ret=0;
-	for(int i=2;str[i];++i)
-	{
-		ret*=8;
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='8')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'0');
-		else
-			return std::nan("");
-	}
-	return ret;
+    double ret=0;
+    for(;*str;++str)
+    {
+        ret*=8;
+        if('0'<=*str && *str<'8')
+            ret+=(*str-'0');
+        else
+            return nan("");
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
-inline double dec_to_double(std::string str,int len)
+inline double dec_to_double(const char* str)
 {
-	double ret=0;
-	int i=0;
-	while('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9' && i<len)
-		ret=ret*10+(str[i++]-'0');
-	if(i==len) return ret;
-	if(str[i]!='.' && str[i]!='e' && str[i]!='E')
-		return std::nan("");
-	if(str[i]=='.')
-	{
-		++i;
-		if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-		double num_pow=0.1;
-		while('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9' && i<len)
-		{
-			ret+=num_pow*(str[i++]-'0');
-			num_pow*=0.1;
-		}
-	}
-	if(i==len) return ret;
-	if(str[i]!='e' && str[i]!='E')
-		return std::nan("");
-	++i;
-	if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-	double negative=(str[i]=='-'? -1:1);
-	if(str[i]=='-' || str[i]=='+')
-		++i;
-	if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-	double num_pow=0;
-	for(;i<len;++i)
-	{
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9')
-			num_pow=num_pow*10+(str[i]-'0');
-		else
-			return std::nan("");
-	}
-	return ret*std::pow(10,negative*num_pow);
+    double ret=0,negative=1,num_pow=0;
+    while('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+        ret=ret*10+(*str++-'0');
+    if(!*str) return ret;
+    if(*str=='.')
+    {
+        if(!*++str) return nan("");
+        num_pow=0.1;
+        while('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+        {
+            ret+=num_pow*(*str++-'0');
+            num_pow*=0.1;
+        }
+        if(!*str) return ret;
+    }
+    if(*str!='e' && *str!='E')
+        return nan("");
+    if(!*++str) return nan("");
+    if(*str=='-' || *str=='+')
+        negative=(*str++=='-'? -1:1);
+    if(!*str) return nan("");
+    num_pow=0;
+    for(;*str;++str)
+    {
+        if('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+            num_pow=num_pow*10+(*str-'0');
+        else
+            return nan("");
+    }
+    return ret*std::pow(10,negative*num_pow);
 }
-double trans_string_to_number(std::string str)
+double str2num(const char* str)
 {
-	double is_negative=1;
-	int len=str.length();
-	double ret_num=0;
-	if(!len) return std::nan("");
-	if(str[0]=='-' || str[0]=='+')
-	{
-		if(len==1) return std::nan("");
-		is_negative=(str[0]=='-'?-1:1);
-		str=str.substr(1,len--);
-	}
-	if(len>1 && str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='x')
-		ret_num=hex_to_double(str);
-	else if(len>1 && str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='o')
-		ret_num=oct_to_double(str);
-	else
-		ret_num=dec_to_double(str,len);
-	return is_negative*ret_num;
+    bool is_negative=false;
+    double ret_num=0;
+    if(*str=='-' || *str=='+')
+        is_negative=(*str++=='-');
+    if(!*str)
+        return nan("");
+    if(str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='x')
+        ret_num=hex_to_double(str+2);
+    else if(str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='o')
+        ret_num=oct_to_double(str+2);
+    else
+        ret_num=dec_to_double(str);
+    return is_negative?-ret_num:ret_num;
 }
 
-/*
-	trans_number_to_string:
-	convert number to string
-*/
-std::string trans_number_to_string(double number)
+std::string rawstr(const std::string& str)
 {
-	std::string res;
-	std::stringstream ss;
-	ss<<number;
-	ss>>res;
-	return res;
+    std::string ret("");
+    for(auto i:str)
+        switch(i)
+        {
+            case '\a': ret+="\\a";break;
+            case '\b': ret+="\\b";break;
+            case '\f': ret+="\\f";break;
+            case '\n': ret+="\\n";break;
+            case '\r': ret+="\\r";break;
+            case '\t': ret+="\\t";break;
+            case '\v': ret+="\\v";break;
+            case '\0': ret+="\\0";break;
+            default:   ret+=i;    break;
+        }
+    return ret;
 }
+#include "nasal_err.h"
 #include "nasal_lexer.h"
 #include "nasal_ast.h"
 #include "nasal_parse.h"
 #include "nasal_import.h"
+#include "nasal_opt.h"
 #include "nasal_gc.h"
 #include "nasal_builtin.h"
-#include "nasal_runtime.h"
 #include "nasal_codegen.h"
-#include "nasal_bytecode_vm.h"
+#include "nasal_vm.h"
+#include "nasal_dbg.h"
 
 #endif

nasal_ast.h

@@ -3,231 +3,246 @@
 
 enum ast_node
 {
-    ast_null=0,ast_root,ast_block,
-    ast_nil,ast_number,ast_string,ast_identifier,ast_function,ast_hash,ast_vector,
-    ast_hashmember,ast_call,ast_call_hash,ast_call_vec,ast_call_func,ast_subvec,
-    ast_args,ast_default_arg,ast_dynamic_id,
-    ast_and,ast_or,
-    ast_equal,ast_add_equal,ast_sub_equal,ast_mult_equal,ast_div_equal,ast_link_equal,
-    ast_cmp_equal,ast_cmp_not_equal,
-    ast_less_than,ast_less_equal,
-    ast_greater_than,ast_greater_equal,
-    ast_add,ast_sub,ast_mult,ast_div,ast_link,
-    ast_unary_sub,ast_unary_not,
-    ast_trinocular,
-    ast_for,ast_forindex,ast_foreach,ast_while,ast_new_iter,
-    ast_conditional,ast_if,ast_elsif,ast_else,
-    ast_multi_id,ast_multi_scalar,
-    ast_definition,ast_multi_assign,
-    ast_continue,ast_break,ast_return
+    ast_null=0,      // null node
+    ast_root,        // mark the root node of ast
+    ast_block,       // expression block 
+    ast_file,        // used to store which file the sub-tree is on, only used in main block
+    ast_nil,         // nil keyword
+    ast_num,         // number, basic value type
+    ast_str,         // string, basic value type
+    ast_id,          // identifier
+    ast_func,        // func keyword
+    ast_hash,        // hash, basic value type
+    ast_vec,         // vector, basic value type
+    ast_pair,        // pair of key and value in hashmap
+    ast_call,        // mark a sub-tree of calling an identifier
+    ast_callh,       // id.name
+    ast_callv,       // id[index]
+    ast_callf,       // id()
+    ast_subvec,      // id[index:index]
+    ast_args,        // mark a sub-tree of function parameters
+    ast_default,     // default parameter
+    ast_dynamic,     // dynamic parameter
+    ast_and,         // and keyword
+    ast_or,          // or keyword
+    ast_equal,       // =
+    ast_addeq,       // +=
+    ast_subeq,       // -=
+    ast_multeq,      // *=
+    ast_diveq,       // /=
+    ast_lnkeq,       // ~=
+    ast_cmpeq,       // ==
+    ast_neq,         // !=
+    ast_less,        // <
+    ast_leq,         // <=
+    ast_grt,         // >
+    ast_geq,         // >=
+    ast_add,         // +
+    ast_sub,         // -
+    ast_mult,        // *
+    ast_div,         // /
+    ast_link,        // ~
+    ast_neg,         // -
+    ast_not,         // ~
+    ast_trino,       // ?:
+    ast_for,         // for keyword
+    ast_forindex,    // forindex keyword
+    ast_foreach,     // foreach keyword
+    ast_while,       // while
+    ast_iter,        // iterator, used in forindex/foreach
+    ast_conditional, // mark a sub-tree of conditional expression
+    ast_if,          // if keyword
+    ast_elsif,       // elsif keyword
+    ast_else,        // else keyword
+    ast_multi_id,    // multi identifiers sub-tree
+    ast_multi_scalar,// multi value sub-tree
+    ast_def,         // definition
+    ast_multi_assign,// multi assignment sub-tree
+    ast_continue,    // continue keyword, only used in loop
+    ast_break,       // break keyword, only used in loop
+    ast_ret          // return keyword, only used in function block
 };
 
-std::string ast_str(int type)
+const char* ast_name[]=
 {
-    std::string str;
-    switch(type)
-    {
-        case ast_null:         str="null";break;
-        case ast_root:         str="root";break;
-        case ast_block:        str="block";break;
-        case ast_nil:          str="nil";break;
-        case ast_number:       str="number";break;
-        case ast_string:       str="string";break;
-        case ast_identifier:   str="id";break;
-        case ast_function:     str="function";break;
-        case ast_hash:         str="hash";break;
-        case ast_vector:       str="vector";break;
-        case ast_hashmember:   str="hashmember";break;
-        case ast_call:         str="call";break;
-        case ast_call_hash:    str="call_hash";break;
-        case ast_call_vec:     str="call_vector";break;
-        case ast_call_func:    str="call_func";break;
-        case ast_subvec:       str="subvec";break;
-        case ast_args:         str="arguments";break;
-        case ast_default_arg:  str="default_arg";break;
-        case ast_dynamic_id:   str="dynamic_id";break;
-        case ast_and:          str="and";break;
-        case ast_or:           str="or";break;
-        case ast_equal:        str="=";break;
-        case ast_add_equal:    str="+=";break;
-        case ast_sub_equal:    str="-=";break;
-        case ast_mult_equal:   str="*=";break;
-        case ast_div_equal:    str="/=";break;
-        case ast_link_equal:   str="~=";break;
-        case ast_cmp_equal:    str="==";break;
-        case ast_cmp_not_equal:str="!=";break;
-        case ast_less_than:    str="<";break;
-        case ast_less_equal:   str="<=";break;
-        case ast_greater_than: str=">";break;
-        case ast_greater_equal:str=">=";break;
-        case ast_add:          str="+";break;
-        case ast_sub:          str="-";break;
-        case ast_mult:         str="*";break;
-        case ast_div:          str="/";break;
-        case ast_link:         str="~";break;
-        case ast_unary_sub:    str="unary-";break;
-        case ast_unary_not:    str="unary!";break;
-        case ast_trinocular:   str="trinocular";break;
-        case ast_for:          str="for";break;
-        case ast_forindex:     str="forindex";break;
-        case ast_foreach:      str="foreach";break;
-        case ast_while:        str="while";break;
-        case ast_new_iter:     str="new_iterator";break;
-        case ast_conditional:  str="conditional";break;
-        case ast_if:           str="if";break;
-        case ast_elsif:        str="elsif";break;
-        case ast_else:         str="else";break;
-        case ast_multi_id:     str="multi_id";break;
-        case ast_multi_scalar: str="multi_scalar";break;
-        case ast_definition:   str="definition";break;
-        case ast_multi_assign: str="multi_assignment";break;
-        case ast_continue:     str="continue";break;
-        case ast_break:        str="break";break;
-        case ast_return:       str="return";break;
-    }
-    return str;
-}
+    "null",
+    "root",
+    "block",
+    "file",
+    "nil",
+    "num",
+    "str",
+    "id",
+    "func",
+    "hash",
+    "vec",
+    "hashmember",
+    "call",
+    "callh",
+    "callv",
+    "callf",
+    "subvec",
+    "args",
+    "default",
+    "dynamic",
+    "and",
+    "or",
+    "=",
+    "+=",
+    "-=",
+    "*=",
+    "/=",
+    "~=",
+    "==",
+    "!=",
+    "<",
+    "<=",
+    ">",
+    ">=",
+    "+",
+    "-",
+    "*",
+    "/",
+    "~",
+    "unary-",
+    "unary!",
+    "trino",
+    "for",
+    "forindex",
+    "foreach",
+    "while",
+    "iter",
+    "conditional",
+    "if",
+    "elsif",
+    "else",
+    "multi_id",
+    "multi_scalar",
+    "def",
+    "multi_assign",
+    "continue",
+    "break",
+    "return",
+    nullptr
+};
 
 class nasal_ast
 {
 private:
-    int line;
-    int type;
-    std::string str;
-    double num;
-    std::vector<nasal_ast> children;
+    uint32_t    _line;
+    uint32_t    _type;
+    double      _num;
+    std::string _str;
+    std::vector<nasal_ast> _child;
 public:
-    nasal_ast(int,int);
+    nasal_ast(const uint32_t l=0,const uint32_t t=ast_null):_line(l),_type(t){}
     nasal_ast(const nasal_ast&);
-    ~nasal_ast();
-    nasal_ast& operator=(const nasal_ast&);
+    nasal_ast(nasal_ast&&);
+    void print(int,bool);
     void clear();
-    void set_line(int);
-    void set_type(int);
-    void set_str(std::string&);
-    void set_num(double);
-    void add_child(nasal_ast);
-    int         get_line();
-    int         get_type();
-    std::string get_str();
-    double      get_num();
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& get_children();
-    void print_ast(int);
-};
+    
+    nasal_ast& operator=(const nasal_ast&);
+    nasal_ast& operator=(nasal_ast&&);
+    nasal_ast& operator[](const int index){return _child[index];}
+    const nasal_ast& operator[](const int index) const {return _child[index];}
+    size_t size() const {return _child.size();}
+    
+    void add(nasal_ast&& ast){_child.push_back(std::move(ast));}
+    void add(const nasal_ast& ast){_child.push_back(ast);}
+    void set_line(const uint32_t l){_line=l;}
+    void set_type(const uint32_t t){_type=t;}
+    void set_str(const std::string& s){_str=s;}
+    void set_num(const double n){_num=n;}
 
-nasal_ast::nasal_ast(int init_line=0,int init_type=ast_null)
-{
-    this->line=init_line;
-    this->type=init_type;
-    return;
-}
+    inline uint32_t line() const {return _line;}
+    inline uint32_t type() const {return _type;}
+    inline double   num()  const {return _num;}
+    inline const std::string& str() const {return _str;}
+    inline const std::vector<nasal_ast>& child() const {return _child;}
+    inline std::vector<nasal_ast>& child(){return _child;}
+};
 
 nasal_ast::nasal_ast(const nasal_ast& tmp)
 {
-    this->line=tmp.line;
-    this->type=tmp.type;
-    this->str=tmp.str;
-    this->num=tmp.num;
-    this->children=tmp.children;
-    return;
+    _line=tmp._line;
+    _type=tmp._type;
+    _num =tmp._num;
+    _str =tmp._str;
+    _child=tmp._child;
 }
 
-nasal_ast::~nasal_ast()
+nasal_ast::nasal_ast(nasal_ast&& tmp)
 {
-    this->children.clear();
-    return;
+    _line=tmp._line;
+    _type=tmp._type;
+    _num =tmp._num;
+    _str.swap(tmp._str);
+    _child.swap(tmp._child);
 }
 
 nasal_ast& nasal_ast::operator=(const nasal_ast& tmp)
 {
-    this->line=tmp.line;
-    this->type=tmp.type;
-    this->str=tmp.str;
-    this->num=tmp.num;
-    this->children=tmp.children;
+    _line=tmp._line;
+    _type=tmp._type;
+    _num=tmp._num;
+    _str=tmp._str;
+    _child=tmp._child;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+nasal_ast& nasal_ast::operator=(nasal_ast&& tmp)
+{
+    _line=tmp._line;
+    _type=tmp._type;
+    _num=tmp._num;
+    _str.swap(tmp._str);
+    _child.swap(tmp._child);
     return *this;
 }
 
 void nasal_ast::clear()
 {
-    this->line=0;
-    this->str="";
-    this->num=0;
-    this->type=ast_null;
-    this->children.clear();
-    return;
+    _line=0;
+    _num=0;
+    _str="";
+    _type=ast_null;
+    _child.clear();
 }
 
-void nasal_ast::set_line(int l)
+void nasal_ast::print(int depth,bool last=false)
 {
-    this->line=l;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_type(int t)
-{
-    this->type=t;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_str(std::string& s)
-{
-    this->str=s;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_num(double n)
-{
-    this->num=n;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::add_child(nasal_ast ast)
-{
-    children.push_back(ast);
-    return;
-}
-
-int nasal_ast::get_line()
-{
-    return this->line;
-}
-
-int nasal_ast::get_type()
-{
-    return this->type;
-}
-
-std::string nasal_ast::get_str()
-{
-    return this->str;
-}
-
-double nasal_ast::get_num()
-{
-    return this->num;
-}
-
-std::vector<nasal_ast>& nasal_ast::get_children()
-{
-    return this->children;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::print_ast(int depth)
-{
-    std::string indentation="";
-    for(int i=0;i<depth;++i) indentation+="|  ";
-    indentation+=ast_str(this->type);
-    std::cout<<indentation;
-    if(this->type==ast_string || this->type==ast_identifier || this->type==ast_dynamic_id || this->type==ast_call_hash)
-        std::cout<<":"<<this->str;
-    else if(this->type==ast_number)
-        std::cout<<":"<<this->num;
-    std::cout<<std::endl;
-    int child_size=this->children.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<child_size;++i)
-        this->children[i].print_ast(depth+1);
-    return;
+    static std::vector<std::string> intentation={};
+    for(auto& i:intentation)
+        std::cout<<i;
+    std::cout<<ast_name[_type];
+    if(
+        _type==ast_str ||
+        _type==ast_id ||
+        _type==ast_default ||
+        _type==ast_dynamic ||
+        _type==ast_callh)
+        std::cout<<":"<<rawstr(_str);
+    else if(_type==ast_num || _type==ast_file)
+        std::cout<<":"<<_num;
+    std::cout<<'\n';
+    if(last && depth)
+        intentation.back()="  ";
+    else if(!last && depth)
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        intentation.back()="| ";
+#else
+        intentation.back()="│ ";
+#endif
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<_child.size();++i)
+    {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        intentation.push_back(i==_child.size()-1?"`-":"|-");
+#else
+        intentation.push_back(i==_child.size()-1?"└─":"├─");
+#endif
+        _child[i].print(depth+1,i==_child.size()-1);
+        intentation.pop_back();
+    }
 }
 
 #endif

nasal_dbg.h

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+#ifndef __NASAL_DBG_H__
+#define __NASAL_DBG_H__
+
+#include "nasal_vm.h"
+
+class nasal_dbg:public nasal_vm
+{
+private:
+    bool next_step;
+    uint16_t bk_fidx;
+    uint32_t bk_line;
+    file_line src;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> parse(const std::string&);
+    uint16_t get_fileindex(const std::string&);
+    void err();
+    void help();
+    void stepinfo();
+    void interact();
+public:
+    nasal_dbg():
+        next_step(false),
+        bk_fidx(0),bk_line(0){}
+    void run(
+        const nasal_codegen&,
+        const nasal_import&
+    );
+};
+
+std::vector<std::string> nasal_dbg::parse(const std::string& cmd)
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> res;
+    std::string tmp="";
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<cmd.length();++i)
+    {
+        if(cmd[i]==' ' && tmp.length())
+        {
+            res.push_back(tmp);
+            tmp="";
+            continue;
+        }
+        tmp+=cmd[i];
+    }
+    if(tmp.length())
+        res.push_back(tmp);
+    return res;
+}
+
+uint16_t nasal_dbg::get_fileindex(const std::string& filename)
+{
+    for(uint16_t i=0;i<files_size;++i)
+        if(filename==files[i])
+            return i;
+    return 65535;
+}
+
+void nasal_dbg::err()
+{
+    std::cerr
+    <<"incorrect command\n"
+    <<"input \'h\' to get help\n";
+}
+
+void nasal_dbg::help()
+{
+    std::cout
+    <<"<option>\n"
+    <<"\th,    help      | get help\n"
+    <<"\tbt,   backtrace | get function call trace\n"
+    <<"\tc,    continue  | run program until break point or exit\n"
+    <<"\tg,    global    | see global values\n"
+    <<"\tl,    local     | see local values\n"
+    <<"\tu,    upval     | see upvalue\n"
+    <<"\ta,    all       | show global,local and upvalue\n"
+    <<"\tn,    next      | execute next bytecode\n"
+    <<"\tq,    exit      | exit debugger\n"
+    <<"<option> <filename> <line>\n"
+    <<"\tbk,   break     | set break point\n";
+}
+
+void nasal_dbg::stepinfo()
+{
+    uint32_t begin,end;
+    uint32_t line=bytecode[pc].line==0?0:bytecode[pc].line-1;
+    src.load(files[bytecode[pc].fidx]);
+    printf("\nsource code:\n");
+    begin=(line>>3)==0?0:((line>>3)<<3);
+    end=(1+(line>>3))<<3;
+    for(uint32_t i=begin;i<end && i<src.size();++i)
+        printf("%s\t%s\n",i==line?"-->":"   ",src[i].c_str());
+    printf("next bytecode:\n");
+    begin=(pc>>3)==0?0:((pc>>3)<<3);
+    end=(1+(pc>>3))<<3;
+    for(uint32_t i=begin;i<end && bytecode[i].op!=op_exit;++i)
+        bytecodeinfo(i==pc?"-->\t":"   \t",i);
+    stackinfo(5);
+}
+
+void nasal_dbg::interact()
+{
+    // special operand
+    if(bytecode[pc].op==op_intg)
+    {
+        std::cout
+        <<"[debug] nasal debug mode\n"
+        <<"input \'h\' to get help\n";
+    }
+    else if(bytecode[pc].op==op_nop || bytecode[pc].op==op_exit)
+        return;
+    
+    if(
+        (bytecode[pc].fidx!=bk_fidx || bytecode[pc].line!=bk_line) && // break point
+        !next_step // next step
+    )return;
+
+    next_step=false;
+    std::string cmd;
+    stepinfo();
+    while(1)
+    {
+        printf(">> ");
+        std::getline(std::cin,cmd);
+        auto res=parse(cmd);
+        if(res.size()==1)
+        {
+            if(res[0]=="h" || res[0]=="help")
+                help();
+            else if(res[0]=="bt" || res[0]=="backtrace")
+                traceback();
+            else if(res[0]=="c" || res[0]=="continue")
+                return;
+            else if(res[0]=="g" || res[0]=="global")
+                global_state();
+            else if(res[0]=="l" || res[0]=="local")
+                local_state();
+            else if(res[0]=="u" || res[0]=="upval")
+                upval_state();
+            else if(res[0]=="a" || res[0]=="all")
+            {
+                global_state();
+                local_state();
+                upval_state();
+            }
+            else if(res[0]=="n" || res[0]=="next")
+            {
+                next_step=true;
+                return;
+            }
+            else if(res[0]=="q" || res[0]=="exit")
+                std::exit(0);
+            else
+                err();
+        }
+        else if(res.size()==3)
+        {
+            if(res[0]=="bk" || res[0]=="break")
+            {
+                bk_fidx=get_fileindex(res[1]);
+                if(bk_fidx==65535)
+                {
+                    printf("cannot find file named \"%s\"\n",res[1].c_str());
+                    bk_fidx=0;
+                }
+                int tmp=atoi(res[2].c_str());
+                if(tmp<=0)
+                    printf("incorrect line number \"%s\"\n",res[2].c_str());
+                else
+                    bk_line=tmp;
+            }
+            else
+                err();
+        }
+        else
+            err();
+    }
+}
+
+void nasal_dbg::run(
+    const nasal_codegen& gen,
+    const nasal_import& linker)
+{
+    detail_info=true;
+    init(gen.get_strs(),gen.get_nums(),linker.get_file());
+    const void* opr_table[]=
+    {
+        &&nop,     &&intg,     &&intl,   &&loadg,
+        &&loadl,   &&loadu,    &&pnum,   &&pnil,
+        &&pstr,    &&newv,     &&newh,   &&newf,
+        &&happ,    &&para,     &&defpara,&&dynpara,
+        &&unot,    &&usub,     &&add,    &&sub,
+        &&mul,     &&div,      &&lnk,    &&addc,
+        &&subc,    &&mulc,     &&divc,   &&lnkc,
+        &&addeq,   &&subeq,    &&muleq,  &&diveq,
+        &&lnkeq,   &&addeqc,   &&subeqc, &&muleqc,
+        &&diveqc,  &&lnkeqc,   &&meq,    &&eq,
+        &&neq,     &&less,     &&leq,    &&grt,
+        &&geq,     &&lessc,    &&leqc,   &&grtc,
+        &&geqc,    &&pop,      &&jmp,    &&jt,
+        &&jf,      &&counter,  &&findex, &&feach,
+        &&callg,   &&calll,    &&upval,  &&callv,
+        &&callvi,  &&callh,    &&callfv, &&callfh,
+        &&callb,   &&slcbegin, &&slcend, &&slc,
+        &&slc2,    &&mcallg,   &&mcalll, &&mupval,
+        &&mcallv,  &&mcallh,   &&ret,    &&vmexit
+    };
+    bytecode=gen.get_code().data();
+    std::vector<const void*> code;
+    for(auto& i:gen.get_code())
+    {
+        code.push_back(opr_table[i.op]);
+        imm.push_back(i.num);
+    }
+
+    // set canary and program counter
+    auto canary=gc.stack+STACK_MAX_DEPTH-1;
+    pc=0;
+    // goto the first operand
+    goto *code[pc];
+
+vmexit:
+    if(gc.top>=canary)
+        die("stack overflow");
+    gc.clear();
+    imm.clear();
+    printf("[debug] debugger exited\n");
+    return;
+#define dbg(op) {interact();op();if(gc.top<canary)goto *code[++pc];goto vmexit;}
+
+nop:     dbg(opr_nop     );
+intg:    dbg(opr_intg    );
+intl:    dbg(opr_intl    );
+loadg:   dbg(opr_loadg   );
+loadl:   dbg(opr_loadl   );
+loadu:   dbg(opr_loadu   );
+pnum:    dbg(opr_pnum    );
+pnil:    dbg(opr_pnil    );
+pstr:    dbg(opr_pstr    );
+newv:    dbg(opr_newv    );
+newh:    dbg(opr_newh    );
+newf:    dbg(opr_newf    );
+happ:    dbg(opr_happ    );
+para:    dbg(opr_para    );
+defpara: dbg(opr_defpara );
+dynpara: dbg(opr_dynpara );
+unot:    dbg(opr_unot    );
+usub:    dbg(opr_usub    );
+add:     dbg(opr_add     );
+sub:     dbg(opr_sub     );
+mul:     dbg(opr_mul     );
+div:     dbg(opr_div     );
+lnk:     dbg(opr_lnk     );
+addc:    dbg(opr_addc    );
+subc:    dbg(opr_subc    );
+mulc:    dbg(opr_mulc    );
+divc:    dbg(opr_divc    );
+lnkc:    dbg(opr_lnkc    );
+addeq:   dbg(opr_addeq   );
+subeq:   dbg(opr_subeq   );
+muleq:   dbg(opr_muleq   );
+diveq:   dbg(opr_diveq   );
+lnkeq:   dbg(opr_lnkeq   );
+addeqc:  dbg(opr_addeqc  );
+subeqc:  dbg(opr_subeqc  );
+muleqc:  dbg(opr_muleqc  );
+diveqc:  dbg(opr_diveqc  );
+lnkeqc:  dbg(opr_lnkeqc  );
+meq:     dbg(opr_meq     );
+eq:      dbg(opr_eq      );
+neq:     dbg(opr_neq     );
+less:    dbg(opr_less    );
+leq:     dbg(opr_leq     );
+grt:     dbg(opr_grt     );
+geq:     dbg(opr_geq     );
+lessc:   dbg(opr_lessc   );
+leqc:    dbg(opr_leqc    );
+grtc:    dbg(opr_grtc    );
+geqc:    dbg(opr_geqc    );
+pop:     dbg(opr_pop     );
+jmp:     dbg(opr_jmp     );
+jt:      dbg(opr_jt      );
+jf:      dbg(opr_jf      );
+counter: dbg(opr_counter );
+findex:  dbg(opr_findex  );
+feach:   dbg(opr_feach   );
+callg:   dbg(opr_callg   );
+calll:   dbg(opr_calll   );
+upval:   dbg(opr_upval   );
+callv:   dbg(opr_callv   );
+callvi:  dbg(opr_callvi  );
+callh:   dbg(opr_callh   );
+callfv:  dbg(opr_callfv  );
+callfh:  dbg(opr_callfh  );
+callb:   dbg(opr_callb   );
+slcbegin:dbg(opr_slcbegin);
+slcend:  dbg(opr_slcend  );
+slc:     dbg(opr_slc     );
+slc2:    dbg(opr_slc2    );
+mcallg:  dbg(opr_mcallg  );
+mcalll:  dbg(opr_mcalll  );
+mupval:  dbg(opr_mupval  );
+mcallv:  dbg(opr_mcallv  );
+mcallh:  dbg(opr_mcallh  );
+ret:     dbg(opr_ret     );
+}
+
+#endif

nasal_err.h

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#ifndef __NASAL_ERR_H__
+#define __NASAL_ERR_H__
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <cstring>
+
+class file_line
+{
+protected:
+    std::string file;
+    std::vector<std::string> res;
+public:
+    void load(const std::string& f)
+    {
+        if(file==f) // don't need to load a loaded file
+            return;
+        file=f;
+        res.clear();
+        std::ifstream fin(f,std::ios::binary);
+        if(fin.fail())
+        {
+            std::cerr<<"[src] cannot open file <"<<f<<">\n";
+            std::exit(1);
+        }
+        std::string line;
+        while(!fin.eof())
+        {
+            std::getline(fin,line);
+            res.push_back(line);
+        }
+    }
+    void clear()
+    {
+        std::vector<std::string> tmp;
+        res.swap(tmp);
+    }
+    const std::string& operator[](const uint32_t line){return res[line];}
+    const std::string& name(){return file;}
+    size_t size(){return res.size();}
+};
+
+class nasal_err:public file_line
+{
+private:
+    uint32_t error;
+public:
+    void err(const char* stage,const std::string& info)
+    {
+        ++error;
+        std::cerr<<"["<<stage<<"] "<<info<<'\n';
+    }
+    void err(const char* stage,uint32_t line,uint32_t column,const std::string& info)
+    {
+        ++error;
+        if(!line)
+        {
+            std::cerr<<"["<<stage<<"] "<<file<<": "<<info<<'\n';
+            return;
+        }
+        std::cerr<<"["<<stage<<"] "<<file<<":"<<line<<":"<<column<<" "<<info<<"\n"<<res[line-1]<<'\n';
+        for(int i=0;i<(int)column-1;++i)
+            std::cerr<<char(" \t"[res[line-1][i]=='\t']);
+        std::cerr<<"^\n";
+    }
+    void err(const char* stage,uint32_t line,const std::string& info)
+    {
+        ++error;
+        if(!line)
+            std::cerr<<"["<<stage<<"] "<<file<<": "<<info<<'\n';
+        else
+            std::cerr<<"["<<stage<<"] "<<file<<":"<<line<<" "<<info<<"\n"<<res[line-1]<<'\n';
+    }
+    void chkerr(){if(error)std::exit(1);}
+};
+
+#endif

nasal_import.h

@@ -1,177 +1,99 @@
-#ifndef __NASAL_IMPORT_H__
-#define __NASAL_IMPORT_H__
-
-class nasal_import
-{
-private:
-    nasal_lexer    import_lex;
-    nasal_parse    import_par;
-    nasal_ast      import_ast;
-    std::vector<std::string> filename_table;
-    int error;
-    void die(std::string,std::string);
-    void init();
-    bool check_import(nasal_ast&);
-    bool check_exist(std::string);
-    void linker(nasal_ast&,nasal_ast&);
-    nasal_ast file_import(nasal_ast&);
-    nasal_ast load(nasal_ast&);
-public:
-    nasal_import();
-    int  get_error();
-    void link(nasal_ast&);
-    nasal_ast& get_root();
-};
-
-nasal_import::nasal_import()
-{
-    import_lex.clear();
-    import_par.clear();
-    import_ast.clear();
-    filename_table.clear();
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_import::die(std::string filename,std::string error_stage)
-{
-    ++error;
-    std::cout<<">> [import] in <\""<<filename<<"\">: error(s) occurred in "<<error_stage<<"."<<std::endl;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_import::init()
-{
-    import_lex.clear();
-    import_par.clear();
-    return;
-}
-
-bool nasal_import::check_import(nasal_ast& node)
-{
-/*
-    only this kind of node can be recognized as 'import':
-
-    call
-        id:import
-        call_func
-            string:'filename'
-*/
-    if(node.get_type()!=ast_call)
-        return false;
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=node.get_children();
-    if(ref_vec.size()!=2)
-        return false;
-    if(ref_vec[0].get_str()!="import")
-        return false;
-    if(ref_vec[1].get_type()!=ast_call_func)
-        return false;
-    if(ref_vec[1].get_children().size()!=1 || ref_vec[1].get_children()[0].get_type()!=ast_string)
-        return false;
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool nasal_import::check_exist(std::string filename)
-{
-    // avoid importing the same file
-    int size=filename_table.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        if(filename==filename_table[i])
-            return true;
-    filename_table.push_back(filename);
-    return false;
-}
-
-void nasal_import::linker(nasal_ast& root,nasal_ast& add_root)
-{
-    // add children of add_root to the back of root
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=add_root.get_children();
-    int size=ref_vec.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        root.add_child(ref_vec[i]);
-    return;
-}
-
-nasal_ast nasal_import::file_import(nasal_ast& node)
-{
-    // initializing
-    nasal_ast tmp;
-    tmp.set_line(0);
-    tmp.set_type(ast_root);
-    init();
-
-    // get filename and set node to ast_null
-    std::string filename=node.get_children()[1].get_children()[0].get_str();
-    node.clear();
-    node.set_type(ast_null);
-
-    // avoid infinite loading loop
-    if(check_exist(filename))
-        return tmp;
-    
-    // start importing...
-    import_lex.openfile(filename);
-    import_lex.scanner();
-    if(import_lex.get_error())
-    {
-        this->die(filename,"lexer");
-        return tmp;
-    }
-    import_par.set_toklist(import_lex.get_token_list());
-    import_par.main_process();
-    if(import_par.get_error())
-    {
-        this->die(filename,"parser");
-        return tmp;
-    }
-    tmp=import_par.get_root();
-
-    // check if tmp has 'import'
-    return load(tmp);
-}
-
-nasal_ast nasal_import::load(nasal_ast& root)
-{
-    nasal_ast new_root;
-    new_root.set_line(0);
-    new_root.set_type(ast_root);
-
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=root.get_children();
-    int size=ref_vec.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-    {
-        if(check_import(ref_vec[i]))
-        {
-            nasal_ast tmp=file_import(ref_vec[i]);
-            // add tmp to the back of new_root
-            linker(new_root,tmp);
-        }
-    }
-    // add root to the back of new_root
-    linker(new_root,root);
-
-    // oops,i think it is not efficient if the root is too ... large?
-    return new_root;
-}
-
-void nasal_import::link(nasal_ast& root)
-{
-    // initializing
-    error=0;
-    filename_table.clear();
-    import_ast.clear();
-    // scan root and import files,then generate a new ast and return to import_ast
-    import_ast=load(root);
-    return;
-}
-
-nasal_ast& nasal_import::get_root()
-{
-    return import_ast;
-}
-
-int nasal_import::get_error()
-{
-    return error;
-}
-
+#ifndef __NASAL_IMPORT_H__
+#define __NASAL_IMPORT_H__
+
+class nasal_import
+{
+private:
+    nasal_err& nerr;
+    std::vector<std::string> files;
+    bool check_import(const nasal_ast&);
+    bool check_exist(const std::string&);
+    void linker(nasal_ast&,nasal_ast&&);
+    nasal_ast file_import(nasal_ast&);
+    nasal_ast load(nasal_ast&,uint16_t);
+public:
+    nasal_import(nasal_err& e):nerr(e){}
+    void link(nasal_parse&,const std::string&);
+    const std::vector<std::string>& get_file() const {return files;}
+};
+
+bool nasal_import::check_import(const nasal_ast& node)
+{
+/*
+only this kind of node can be recognized as 'import':
+    call
+    |_id:import
+    |_call_func
+      |_string:'filename'
+*/
+    return (
+        node.type()==ast_call &&
+        node.size()==2 &&
+        node[0].str()=="import" &&
+        node[1].type()==ast_callf &&
+        node[1].size()==1 &&
+        node[1][0].type()==ast_str
+    );
+}
+
+bool nasal_import::check_exist(const std::string& file)
+{
+    // avoid importing the same file
+    for(auto& fname:files)
+        if(file==fname)
+            return true;
+    files.push_back(file);
+    return false;
+}
+
+void nasal_import::linker(nasal_ast& root,nasal_ast&& add_root)
+{
+    // add children of add_root to the back of root
+    for(auto& i:add_root.child())
+        root.add(std::move(i));
+}
+
+nasal_ast nasal_import::file_import(nasal_ast& node)
+{
+    nasal_lexer lex(nerr);
+    nasal_parse par(nerr);
+    // get filename and set node to ast_null
+    std::string filename=node[1][0].str();
+    node.clear();
+
+    // avoid infinite loading loop
+    if(check_exist(filename))
+        return {0,ast_root};
+    
+    // start importing...
+    lex.scan(filename);
+    par.compile(lex);
+    nasal_ast tmp=std::move(par.ast());
+    // check if tmp has 'import'
+    return load(tmp,files.size()-1);
+}
+
+nasal_ast nasal_import::load(nasal_ast& root,uint16_t fileindex)
+{
+    nasal_ast new_root(0,ast_root);
+    for(auto& i:root.child())
+        if(check_import(i))
+            linker(new_root,file_import(i));
+    // add root to the back of new_root
+    nasal_ast file_head(0,ast_file);
+    file_head.set_num(fileindex);
+    new_root.add(std::move(file_head));
+    linker(new_root,std::move(root));
+    return new_root;
+}
+
+void nasal_import::link(nasal_parse& parse,const std::string& self)
+{
+    // initializing
+    files={self};
+    // scan root and import files,then generate a new ast and return to import_ast
+    // the main file's index is 0
+    parse.ast()=load(parse.ast(),0);
+}
+
 #endif

nasal_lexer.h

@@ -1,464 +1,354 @@
-#ifndef __NASAL_LEXER_H__
-#define __NASAL_LEXER_H__
-
-#define IS_IDENTIFIER(c)      ((c=='_')||('a'<=c && c<='z')||('A'<=c&&c<='Z'))
-#define IS_HEX_NUMBER(c)      (('0'<=c&&c<='9')||('a'<=c&&c<='f')||('A'<=c && c<='F'))
-#define IS_OCT_NUMEBR(c)      ('0'<=c&&c<='7')
-#define IS_DIGIT(c)           ('0'<=c&&c<='9')
-#define IS_STRING(c)          (c=='\''||c=='\"'||c=='`')
-// single operators have only one character
-#define IS_SINGLE_OPRATOR(c)  (c=='('||c==')'||c=='['||c==']'||c=='{'||c=='}'||c==','||c==';'||c=='|'||c==':'||\
-							   c=='?'||c=='`'||c=='&'||c=='@'||c=='%'||c=='$'||c=='^'||c=='\\')
-// calculation operators may have two chars, for example: += -= *= /= ~= != == >= <=
-#define IS_CALC_OPERATOR(c)   (c=='='||c=='+'||c=='-'||c=='*'||c=='!'||c=='/'||c=='<'||c=='>'||c=='~')
-#define IS_NOTE(c)            (c=='#')
-
-enum token_type
-{
-    tok_null=0,
-    tok_number,tok_string,tok_identifier,
-    tok_for,tok_forindex,tok_foreach,tok_while,
-    tok_var,tok_func,tok_break,tok_continue,
-    tok_return,tok_if,tok_elsif,tok_else,tok_nil,
-    tok_left_curve,tok_right_curve,
-    tok_left_bracket,tok_right_bracket,
-    tok_left_brace,tok_right_brace,
-    tok_semi,tok_and,tok_or,tok_comma,tok_dot,tok_ellipsis,tok_quesmark,
-    tok_colon,tok_add,tok_sub,tok_mult,tok_div,tok_link,tok_not,
-    tok_equal,
-    tok_add_equal,tok_sub_equal,tok_mult_equal,tok_div_equal,tok_link_equal,
-    tok_cmp_equal,tok_cmp_not_equal,tok_less_than,tok_less_equal,tok_greater_than,tok_greater_equal
-};
-
-struct
-{
-    const char* str;
-    int tok_type;
-}token_table[]=
-{
-    {"for"     ,tok_for          },
-    {"forindex",tok_forindex     },
-    {"foreach" ,tok_foreach      },
-    {"while"   ,tok_while        },
-    {"var"     ,tok_var          },
-    {"func"    ,tok_func         },
-    {"break"   ,tok_break        },
-    {"continue",tok_continue     },
-    {"return"  ,tok_return       },
-    {"if"      ,tok_if           },
-    {"elsif"   ,tok_elsif        },
-    {"else"    ,tok_else         },
-    {"nil"     ,tok_nil          },
-    {"("       ,tok_left_curve   },
-    {")"       ,tok_right_curve  },
-    {"["       ,tok_left_bracket },
-    {"]"       ,tok_right_bracket},
-    {"{"       ,tok_left_brace   },
-    {"}"       ,tok_right_brace  },
-    {";"       ,tok_semi         },
-    {"and"     ,tok_and          },
-    {"or"      ,tok_or           },
-    {","       ,tok_comma        },
-    {"."       ,tok_dot          },
-    {"..."     ,tok_ellipsis     },
-    {"?"       ,tok_quesmark     },
-    {":"       ,tok_colon        },
-    {"+"       ,tok_add          },
-    {"-"       ,tok_sub          },
-    {"*"       ,tok_mult         },
-    {"/"       ,tok_div          },
-    {"~"       ,tok_link         },
-    {"!"       ,tok_not          },
-	{"="       ,tok_equal        },
-    {"+="      ,tok_add_equal    },
-    {"-="      ,tok_sub_equal    },
-    {"*="      ,tok_mult_equal   },
-    {"/="      ,tok_div_equal    },
-    {"~="      ,tok_link_equal   },
-    {"=="      ,tok_cmp_equal    },
-    {"!="      ,tok_cmp_not_equal},
-    {"<"       ,tok_less_than    },
-	{"<="      ,tok_less_equal   },
-    {">"       ,tok_greater_than },
-    {">="      ,tok_greater_equal},
-	{NULL      ,-1               }
-};
-
-struct token
-{
-    int line;
-    int type;
-    std::string str;
-};
-
-class nasal_lexer
-{
-private:
-    int error;
-	int res_size;
-	int line;
-	int ptr;
-	std::string line_code;
-	std::vector<char> res;
-    std::vector<token> token_list;
-	std::string identifier_gen();
-    std::string number_gen();
-    std::string string_gen();
-public:
-    void clear();
-	void openfile(std::string);
-	void die(std::string,int,int);
-    void scanner();
-    void print_token();
-    int  get_error();
-	std::vector<token>& get_token_list();
-};
-
-void nasal_lexer::clear()
-{
-	error=0;
-	res_size=0;
-	line=0;
-	ptr=0;
-	line_code="";
-	res.clear();
-    token_list.clear();
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_lexer::openfile(std::string filename)
-{
-	error=0;
-	res.clear();
-    std::ifstream fin(filename,std::ios::binary);
-    if(fin.fail())
-    {
-		++error;
-        std::cout<<">> [lexer] cannot open file \""<<filename<<"\".\n";
-        fin.close();
-        return;
-    }
-    while(!fin.eof())
-    {
-        char c=fin.get();
-        if(fin.eof())
-            break;
-        res.push_back(c);
-    }
-    fin.close();
-	res_size=res.size();
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_lexer::die(std::string error_info,int line=-1,int column=-1)
-{
-	++error;
-	std::cout<<">> [lexer] line "<<line<<" column "<<column<<": "<<error_info<<"\n";
-	return;
-}
-
-std::string nasal_lexer::identifier_gen()
-{
-	std::string token_str="";
-	while(ptr<res_size && (IS_IDENTIFIER(res[ptr])||IS_DIGIT(res[ptr])))
-		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-	line_code+=token_str;
-	return token_str;
-	// after running this process, ptr will point to the next token's beginning character
-}
-
-std::string nasal_lexer::number_gen()
-{
-	bool scientific_notation=false;// numbers like 1e8 are scientific_notation
-	std::string token_str="";
-	// generate hex number
-	if(res[ptr]=='0' && ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr+1]=='x')
-	{
-		token_str="0x";
-		ptr+=2;
-		while(ptr<res_size && IS_HEX_NUMBER(res[ptr]))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		line_code+=token_str;
-		if(token_str=="0x")
-		{
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		return token_str;
-	}
-	// generate oct number
-	else if(res[ptr]=='0' && ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr+1]=='o')
-	{
-		token_str="0o";
-		ptr+=2;
-		while(ptr<res_size && IS_OCT_NUMEBR(res[ptr]))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		line_code+=token_str;
-		if(token_str=="0o")
-		{
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		return token_str;
-	}
-	// generate dec number
-	// dec number -> [0~9][0~9]*(.[0~9]*)(e|E(+|-)0|[1~9][0~9]*)
-	while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
-		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-	if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='.')
-	{
-		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxx." is not a correct number
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxx." is not a correct number
-		if(token_str.back()=='.')
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-	}
-	if(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]=='e' || res[ptr]=='E'))
-	{
-		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxe" is not a correct number
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		if(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]=='-' || res[ptr]=='+'))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='0')
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxe(-|+)" is not a correct number
-		if(token_str.back()=='e' || token_str.back()=='E' || token_str.back()=='-' || token_str.back()=='+')
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-	}
-	line_code+=token_str;
-	return token_str;
-}
-
-std::string nasal_lexer::string_gen()
-{
-	std::string token_str="";
-	line_code+=res[ptr];
-	char str_begin=res[ptr++];
-	while(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!=str_begin)
-	{
-		line_code+=res[ptr];
-		if(res[ptr]=='\n')
-		{
-			line_code="";
-			++line;
-		}
-		if(res[ptr]=='\\' && ptr+1<res_size)
-		{
-			++ptr;
-			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			switch(res[ptr])
-			{
-				case 'a':token_str.push_back('\a');break;
-				case 'b':token_str.push_back('\b');break;
-				case 'f':token_str.push_back('\f');break;
-				case 'n':token_str.push_back('\n');break;
-				case 'r':token_str.push_back('\r');break;
-				case 't':token_str.push_back('\t');break;
-				case 'v':token_str.push_back('\v');break;
-				case '?':token_str.push_back('\?');break;
-				case '0':token_str.push_back('\0');break;
-				case '\\':token_str.push_back('\\');break;
-				case '\'':token_str.push_back('\'');break;
-				case '\"':token_str.push_back('\"');break;
-				default:  token_str.push_back(res[ptr]);break;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-			token_str+=res[ptr];
-		++ptr;
-	}
-	// check if this string ends with a " or '
-	if(ptr>=res_size)
-		die("["+line_code+"_] get EOF when generating string.",line,line_code.length());
-	++ptr;
-	return token_str;
-}
-
-void nasal_lexer::scanner()
-{
-    token_list.clear();
-    line=1;
-	ptr=0;
-	line_code="";
-
-	std::string token_str;
-	while(ptr<res_size)
-	{
-		while(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]==' ' || res[ptr]=='\n' || res[ptr]=='\t' || res[ptr]=='\r' || res[ptr]<0))
-		{
-			// these characters will be ignored, and '\n' will cause ++line
-			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			if(res[ptr]=='\n')
-			{
-				++line;
-				line_code="";
-			}
-			++ptr;
-		}
-		if(ptr>=res_size) break;
-		if(IS_IDENTIFIER(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			token_str=identifier_gen();
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-            new_token.str=token_str;
-            new_token.type=0;
-            for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-                if(token_str==token_table[i].str)
-                {
-                    new_token.type=token_table[i].tok_type;
-                    break;
-                }
-            if(!new_token.type)
-                new_token.type=tok_identifier;
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			token_str=number_gen();
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-            new_token.str=token_str;
-			new_token.type=tok_number;
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_STRING(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			token_str=string_gen();
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-			new_token.type=tok_string;
-			new_token.str=token_str;
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_SINGLE_OPRATOR(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			token_str="";
-			token_str+=res[ptr];
-			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-            new_token.str=token_str;
-			new_token.type=-1;
-            for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-                if(token_str==token_table[i].str)
-                {
-                    new_token.type=token_table[i].tok_type;
-                    break;
-                }
-			if(new_token.type<0)
-				die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect operator.",line,line_code.length());
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-			++ptr;
-		}
-        else if(res[ptr]=='.')
-        {
-            if(ptr+2<res_size && res[ptr+1]=='.' && res[ptr+2]=='.')
-            {
-                token_str="...";
-                ptr+=3;
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                token_str=".";
-                ++ptr;
-            }
-			line_code+=token_str;
-            token new_token;
-            new_token.line=line;
-            new_token.str=token_str;
-            for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-                if(token_str==token_table[i].str)
-                {
-                    new_token.type=token_table[i].tok_type;
-                    break;
-                }
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-        }
-		else if(IS_CALC_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			// get calculation operator
-			token_str=res[ptr];
-			++ptr;
-			if(ptr<res.size() && res[ptr]=='=')
-			{
-				token_str+=res[ptr];
-				++ptr;
-			}
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-			new_token.str=token_str;
-            for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-                if(token_str==token_table[i].str)
-                {
-                    new_token.type=token_table[i].tok_type;
-                    break;
-                }
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_NOTE(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			// avoid note
-			while(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!='\n') ++ptr;
-			// after this process ptr will point to a '\n'
-			// don't ++ptr then the counter for line can work correctly
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			die("["+line_code+"_] unknown character.",line,line_code.length());
-			++ptr;
-		}
-	}
-	return;
-}
-
-void nasal_lexer::print_token()
-{
-    int size=token_list.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        std::cout<<"("<<token_list[i].line<<" | "<<token_list[i].str<<")\n";
-    return;
-}
-
-int nasal_lexer::get_error()
-{
-    return error;
-}
-
-std::vector<token>& nasal_lexer::get_token_list()
-{
-	return token_list;
-}
+#ifndef __NASAL_LEXER_H__
+#define __NASAL_LEXER_H__
+
+#define ID(c)      ((c=='_')||('a'<=c && c<='z')||('A'<=c&&c<='Z'))
+#define HEX(c)     (('0'<=c&&c<='9')||('a'<=c&&c<='f')||('A'<=c && c<='F'))
+#define OCT(c)     ('0'<=c&&c<='7')
+#define DIGIT(c)   ('0'<=c&&c<='9')
+#define STR(c)     (c=='\''||c=='\"'||c=='`')
+// single operators have only one character
+#define SINGLE_OPERATOR(c) (c=='('||c==')'||c=='['||c==']'||c=='{'||c=='}'||c==','||c==';'||c=='|'||c==':'||\
+                               c=='?'||c=='`'||c=='&'||c=='@'||c=='%'||c=='$'||c=='^'||c=='\\')
+// calculation operators may have two chars, for example: += -= *= /= ~= != == >= <=
+#define CALC_OPERATOR(c)   (c=='='||c=='+'||c=='-'||c=='*'||c=='!'||c=='/'||c=='<'||c=='>'||c=='~')
+#define NOTE(c)            (c=='#')
+
+enum token_type
+{
+    tok_null=0,// null token default token type
+    tok_num,   // number     basic token type
+    tok_str,   // string     basic token type
+    tok_id,    // identifier basic token type
+    tok_for,tok_forindex,tok_foreach,tok_while,
+    tok_var,tok_func,tok_break,tok_continue,
+    tok_ret,tok_if,tok_elsif,tok_else,tok_nil,
+    tok_lcurve,tok_rcurve,
+    tok_lbracket,tok_rbracket,
+    tok_lbrace,tok_rbrace,
+    tok_semi,tok_and,tok_or,tok_comma,tok_dot,tok_ellipsis,tok_quesmark,
+    tok_colon,tok_add,tok_sub,tok_mult,tok_div,tok_link,tok_not,
+    tok_eq,
+    tok_addeq,tok_subeq,tok_multeq,tok_diveq,tok_lnkeq,
+    tok_cmpeq,tok_neq,tok_less,tok_leq,tok_grt,tok_geq,
+    tok_eof    // end of token list
+};
+
+struct
+{
+    const char* str;
+    const uint32_t tok_type;
+}token_table[]=
+{
+    {"for"     ,tok_for      },
+    {"forindex",tok_forindex },
+    {"foreach" ,tok_foreach  },
+    {"while"   ,tok_while    },
+    {"var"     ,tok_var      },
+    {"func"    ,tok_func     },
+    {"break"   ,tok_break    },
+    {"continue",tok_continue },
+    {"return"  ,tok_ret      },
+    {"if"      ,tok_if       },
+    {"elsif"   ,tok_elsif    },
+    {"else"    ,tok_else     },
+    {"nil"     ,tok_nil      },
+    {"("       ,tok_lcurve   },
+    {")"       ,tok_rcurve   },
+    {"["       ,tok_lbracket },
+    {"]"       ,tok_rbracket },
+    {"{"       ,tok_lbrace   },
+    {"}"       ,tok_rbrace   },
+    {";"       ,tok_semi     },
+    {"and"     ,tok_and      },
+    {"or"      ,tok_or       },
+    {","       ,tok_comma    },
+    {"."       ,tok_dot      },
+    {"..."     ,tok_ellipsis },
+    {"?"       ,tok_quesmark },
+    {":"       ,tok_colon    },
+    {"+"       ,tok_add      },
+    {"-"       ,tok_sub      },
+    {"*"       ,tok_mult     },
+    {"/"       ,tok_div      },
+    {"~"       ,tok_link     },
+    {"!"       ,tok_not      },
+    {"="       ,tok_eq       },
+    {"+="      ,tok_addeq    },
+    {"-="      ,tok_subeq    },
+    {"*="      ,tok_multeq   },
+    {"/="      ,tok_diveq    },
+    {"~="      ,tok_lnkeq    },
+    {"=="      ,tok_cmpeq    },
+    {"!="      ,tok_neq      },
+    {"<"       ,tok_less     },
+    {"<="      ,tok_leq      },
+    {">"       ,tok_grt      },
+    {">="      ,tok_geq      },
+    {nullptr   ,0            }
+};
+
+struct token
+{
+    uint32_t line;
+    uint32_t column;
+    uint32_t type;
+    std::string str;
+    token(uint32_t l=0,uint32_t c=0,uint32_t t=tok_null,std::string s="")
+    {
+        line=l;
+        column=c;
+        type=t;
+        str=s;
+    }
+};
+
+class nasal_lexer
+{
+private:
+    uint32_t    line;
+    uint32_t    column;
+    uint32_t    ptr;
+    nasal_err&  nerr;
+    std::string res;
+    std::vector<token> tokens;
+
+    uint32_t get_type(const std::string&);
+    void die(std::string info){nerr.err("lexer",line,column,info);};
+    void open(const std::string&);
+    std::string id_gen();
+    std::string num_gen();
+    std::string str_gen();
+public:
+    nasal_lexer(nasal_err& e):nerr(e){}
+    void scan(const std::string&);
+    void print();
+    const std::vector<token>& get_tokens() const {return tokens;}
+};
+
+void nasal_lexer::open(const std::string& file)
+{
+    std::ifstream fin(file,std::ios::binary);
+    if(fin.fail())
+        nerr.err("lexer","cannot open file <"+file+">.");
+    else
+        nerr.load(file);
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss<<fin.rdbuf();
+    res=ss.str();
+}
+
+uint32_t nasal_lexer::get_type(const std::string& tk_str)
+{
+    for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
+        if(tk_str==token_table[i].str)
+            return token_table[i].tok_type;
+    return tok_null;
+}
+
+std::string nasal_lexer::id_gen()
+{
+    std::string str="";
+    while(ptr<res.size() && (ID(res[ptr])||DIGIT(res[ptr])))
+        str+=res[ptr++];
+    column+=str.length();
+    return str;
+}
+
+std::string nasal_lexer::num_gen()
+{
+    // generate hex number
+    if(ptr+1<res.size() && res[ptr]=='0' && res[ptr+1]=='x')
+    {
+        std::string str="0x";
+        ptr+=2;
+        while(ptr<res.size() && HEX(res[ptr]))
+            str+=res[ptr++];
+        column+=str.length();
+        if(str.length()<3)// "0x"
+            die("invalid number:"+str);
+        return str;
+    }
+    // generate oct number
+    else if(ptr+1<res.size() && res[ptr]=='0' && res[ptr+1]=='o')
+    {
+        std::string str="0o";
+        ptr+=2;
+        while(ptr<res.size() && OCT(res[ptr]))
+            str+=res[ptr++];
+        column+=str.length();
+        if(str.length()<3)// "0o"
+            die("invalid number:"+str);
+        return str;
+    }
+    // generate dec number
+    // dec number -> [0~9][0~9]*(.[0~9]*)(e|E(+|-)0|[1~9][0~9]*)
+    std::string str="";
+    while(ptr<res.size() && DIGIT(res[ptr]))
+        str+=res[ptr++];
+    if(ptr<res.size() && res[ptr]=='.')
+    {
+        str+=res[ptr++];
+        while(ptr<res.size() && DIGIT(res[ptr]))
+            str+=res[ptr++];
+        // "xxxx." is not a correct number
+        if(str.back()=='.')
+        {
+            column+=str.length();
+            die("invalid number:"+str);
+            return "0";
+        }
+    }
+    if(ptr<res.size() && (res[ptr]=='e' || res[ptr]=='E'))
+    {
+        str+=res[ptr++];
+        if(ptr<res.size() && (res[ptr]=='-' || res[ptr]=='+'))
+            str+=res[ptr++];
+        while(ptr<res.size() && DIGIT(res[ptr]))
+            str+=res[ptr++];
+        // "xxxe(-|+)" is not a correct number
+        if(str.back()=='e' || str.back()=='E' || str.back()=='-' || str.back()=='+')
+        {
+            column+=str.length();
+            die("invalid number:"+str);
+            return "0";
+        }
+    }
+    column+=str.length();
+    return str;
+}
+
+std::string nasal_lexer::str_gen()
+{
+    std::string str="";
+    char begin=res[ptr];
+    ++column;
+    while(++ptr<res.size() && res[ptr]!=begin)
+    {
+        ++column;
+        if(res[ptr]=='\n')
+        {
+            column=0;
+            ++line;
+        }
+        if(res[ptr]=='\\' && ptr+1<res.size())
+        {
+            ++column;
+            ++ptr;
+            switch(res[ptr])
+            {
+                case '0': str+='\0';    break;
+                case 'a': str+='\a';    break;
+                case 'b': str+='\b';    break;
+                case 't': str+='\t';    break;
+                case 'n': str+='\n';    break;
+                case 'v': str+='\v';    break;
+                case 'f': str+='\f';    break;
+                case 'r': str+='\r';    break;
+                case '?': str+='\?';    break;
+                case '\\':str+='\\';    break;
+                case '\'':str+='\'';    break;
+                case '\"':str+='\"';    break;
+                default:  str+=res[ptr];break;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        str+=res[ptr];
+    }
+    // check if this string ends with a " or '
+    if(ptr++>=res.size())
+    {
+        die("get EOF when generating string.");
+        return str;
+    }
+    ++column;
+    if(begin=='`' && str.length()!=1)
+        die("\'`\' is used for string that includes one character.");
+    return str;
+}
+
+void nasal_lexer::scan(const std::string& file)
+{
+    line=1;
+    column=0;
+    ptr=0;
+    open(file);
+
+    std::string str;
+    while(ptr<res.size())
+    {
+        while(ptr<res.size() && (res[ptr]==' ' || res[ptr]=='\n' || res[ptr]=='\t' || res[ptr]=='\r' || res[ptr]<0))
+        {
+            // these characters will be ignored, and '\n' will cause ++line
+            ++column;
+            if(res[ptr++]=='\n')
+            {
+                ++line;
+                column=0;
+            }
+        }
+        if(ptr>=res.size()) break;
+        if(ID(res[ptr]))
+        {
+            str=id_gen();
+            uint32_t type=get_type(str);
+            tokens.push_back({line,column,type?type:tok_id,str});
+        }
+        else if(DIGIT(res[ptr]))
+        {
+            str=num_gen(); // make sure column is correct
+            tokens.push_back({line,column,tok_num,str});
+        }
+        else if(STR(res[ptr]))
+        {
+            str=str_gen(); // make sure column is correct
+            tokens.push_back({line,column,tok_str,str});
+        }
+        else if(SINGLE_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
+        {
+            str=res[ptr];
+            ++column;
+            uint32_t type=get_type(str);
+            if(!type)
+                die("invalid operator:"+str);
+            tokens.push_back({line,column,type,str});
+            ++ptr;
+        }
+        else if(res[ptr]=='.')
+        {
+            str=".";
+            if(ptr+2<res.size() && res[ptr+1]=='.' && res[ptr+2]=='.')
+                str+="..";
+            ptr+=str.length();
+            column+=str.length();
+            tokens.push_back({line,column,get_type(str),str});
+        }
+        else if(CALC_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
+        {
+            // get calculation operator
+            str=res[ptr++];
+            if(ptr<res.size() && res[ptr]=='=')
+                str+=res[ptr++];
+            column+=str.length();
+            tokens.push_back({line,column,get_type(str),str});
+        }
+        else if(NOTE(res[ptr]))// avoid note, after this process ptr will point to a '\n', so next loop line counter+1
+            while(++ptr<res.size() && res[ptr]!='\n');
+        else
+        {
+            ++column;
+            ++ptr;
+            die("unknown character.");
+        }
+    }
+    tokens.push_back({line,column,tok_eof,"eof"});
+    res="";
+    nerr.chkerr();
+}
+
+void nasal_lexer::print()
+{
+    for(auto& tok:tokens)
+        std::cout<<"("<<tok.line<<" | "<<rawstr(tok.str)<<")\n";
+}
+
 #endif

nasal_opt.h

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#ifndef __NASAL_OPT_H__
+#define __NASAL_OPT_H__
+
+void const_str(nasal_ast& root)
+{
+    auto& vec=root.child();
+    root.set_str(vec[0].str()+vec[1].str());
+    root.child().clear();
+    root.set_type(ast_str);
+}
+
+void const_num(nasal_ast& root)
+{
+    auto& vec=root.child();
+    double res;
+    switch(root.type())
+    {
+        case ast_add: res=vec[0].num()+vec[1].num(); break;
+        case ast_sub: res=vec[0].num()-vec[1].num(); break;
+        case ast_mult:res=vec[0].num()*vec[1].num(); break;
+        case ast_div: res=vec[0].num()/vec[1].num(); break;
+        case ast_less:res=vec[0].num()<vec[1].num(); break;
+        case ast_leq: res=vec[0].num()<=vec[1].num();break;
+        case ast_grt: res=vec[0].num()>vec[1].num(); break;
+        case ast_geq: res=vec[0].num()>=vec[1].num();break;
+    }
+    // inf and nan will cause number hashmap error in codegen
+    if(std::isinf(res) || std::isnan(res))
+        return;
+    root.set_num(res);
+    root.child().clear();
+    root.set_type(ast_num);
+}
+
+void calc_const(nasal_ast& root)
+{
+    auto& vec=root.child();
+    for(auto& i:vec)
+        calc_const(i);
+    if(vec.size()!=2)
+        return;
+    if(root.type()!=ast_add &&
+        root.type()!=ast_sub &&
+        root.type()!=ast_mult &&
+        root.type()!=ast_div &&
+        root.type()!=ast_link &&
+        root.type()!=ast_less &&
+        root.type()!=ast_leq &&
+        root.type()!=ast_grt &&
+        root.type()!=ast_geq)
+        return;
+    if(root.type()==ast_link && vec[0].type()==ast_str && vec[1].type()==ast_str)
+        const_str(root);
+    else if(root.type()!=ast_link && vec[0].type()==ast_num && vec[1].type()==ast_num)
+        const_num(root);
+}
+void optimize(nasal_ast& root)
+{
+    for(auto& i:root.child())
+        calc_const(i);
+}
+#endif

nasal_vm.h

@@ -0,0 +1,985 @@
+#ifndef __NASAL_VM_H__
+#define __NASAL_VM_H__
+
+class nasal_vm
+{
+protected:
+    /* values of nasal_vm */
+    uint32_t                 pc;       // program counter
+    const double*            num_table;// const numbers, ref from nasal_codegen
+    const std::string*       str_table;// const symbols, ref from nasal_codegen
+    std::stack<nasal_func*>  fstk;     // stack to store function, used to get upvalues
+    std::stack<uint32_t>     local_stk;
+    std::vector<uint32_t>    imm;      // immediate number
+    nasal_ref*               mem_addr; // used for mem_call
+    /* garbage collector */
+    nasal_gc                 gc;
+    /* values used for debug */
+    size_t                   files_size;
+    const std::string*       files;    // ref from nasal_import
+    const opcode*            bytecode; // ref from nasal_codegen
+    /* canary to avoid stackoverflow */
+    nasal_ref*               canary;
+
+    void init(
+        const std::vector<std::string>&,
+        const std::vector<double>&,
+        const std::vector<std::string>&);
+    /* debug functions */
+    bool detail_info;
+    void valinfo(nasal_ref&);
+    void bytecodeinfo(const char*,const uint32_t);
+    void traceback();
+    void stackinfo(const uint32_t);
+    void global_state();
+    void local_state();
+    void upval_state();
+    void detail();
+    void opcallsort(const uint64_t*);
+    void die(std::string);
+    /* vm calculation functions*/
+    bool condition(nasal_ref);
+    void opr_nop();
+    void opr_intg();
+    void opr_intl();
+    void opr_loadg();
+    void opr_loadl();
+    void opr_loadu();
+    void opr_pnum();
+    void opr_pnil();
+    void opr_pstr();
+    void opr_newv();
+    void opr_newh();
+    void opr_newf();
+    void opr_happ();
+    void opr_para();
+    void opr_defpara();
+    void opr_dynpara();
+    void opr_unot();
+    void opr_usub();
+    void opr_add();
+    void opr_sub();
+    void opr_mul();
+    void opr_div();
+    void opr_lnk();
+    void opr_addc();
+    void opr_subc();
+    void opr_mulc();
+    void opr_divc();
+    void opr_lnkc();
+    void opr_addeq();
+    void opr_subeq();
+    void opr_muleq();
+    void opr_diveq();
+    void opr_lnkeq();
+    void opr_addeqc();
+    void opr_subeqc();
+    void opr_muleqc();
+    void opr_diveqc();
+    void opr_lnkeqc();
+    void opr_meq();
+    void opr_eq();
+    void opr_neq();
+    void opr_less();
+    void opr_leq();
+    void opr_grt();
+    void opr_geq();
+    void opr_lessc();
+    void opr_leqc();
+    void opr_grtc();
+    void opr_geqc();
+    void opr_pop();
+    void opr_jmp();
+    void opr_jt();
+    void opr_jf();
+    void opr_counter();
+    void opr_findex();
+    void opr_feach();
+    void opr_callg();
+    void opr_calll();
+    void opr_upval();
+    void opr_callv();
+    void opr_callvi();
+    void opr_callh();
+    void opr_callfv();
+    void opr_callfh();
+    void opr_callb();
+    void opr_slcbegin();
+    void opr_slcend();
+    void opr_slc();
+    void opr_slc2();
+    void opr_mcallg();
+    void opr_mcalll();
+    void opr_mupval();
+    void opr_mcallv();
+    void opr_mcallh();
+    void opr_ret();
+public:
+    void run(
+        const nasal_codegen&,
+        const nasal_import&,
+        const bool,
+        const bool);
+};
+
+void nasal_vm::init(
+    const std::vector<std::string>& strs,
+    const std::vector<double>&      nums,
+    const std::vector<std::string>& filenames)
+{
+    gc.init(strs);
+    num_table=nums.data();
+    str_table=strs.data();
+    files=filenames.data();
+    files_size=filenames.size();
+}
+void nasal_vm::valinfo(nasal_ref& val)
+{
+    const nasal_val* p=val.value.gcobj;
+    printf("\t");
+    switch(val.type)
+    {
+        case vm_none: printf("| null |\n");break;
+        case vm_ret:  printf("| addr | pc:0x%x\n",val.ret());break;
+        case vm_cnt:  printf("| cnt  | %ld\n",val.cnt());break;
+        case vm_nil:  printf("| nil  |\n");break;
+        case vm_num:  printf("| num  | ");std::cout<<val.num()<<'\n';break;
+        case vm_str:  printf("| str  | <0x%lx> %s\n",(uint64_t)p,rawstr(*val.str()).c_str());break;
+        case vm_func: printf("| func | <0x%lx> entry:0x%x\n",(uint64_t)p,val.func()->entry);break;
+        case vm_vec:  printf("| vec  | <0x%lx> [%lu val]\n",(uint64_t)p,val.vec()->elems.size());break;
+        case vm_hash: printf("| hash | <0x%lx> {%lu val}\n",(uint64_t)p,val.hash()->elems.size());break;
+        case vm_obj:  printf("| obj  | <0x%lx> obj:0x%lx\n",(uint64_t)p,(uint64_t)val.obj()->ptr);break;
+        default:      printf("| err  | <0x%lx> unknown object\n",(uint64_t)p);break;
+    }
+}
+void nasal_vm::bytecodeinfo(const char* header,const uint32_t p)
+{
+    const opcode& c=bytecode[p];
+    printf("%s0x%.8x: %s 0x%x",header,p,code_table[c.op].name,c.num);
+    switch(c.op)
+    {
+        case op_addc:  case op_subc:   case op_mulc:  case op_divc:
+        case op_addeqc:case op_subeqc: case op_muleqc:case op_diveqc:
+        case op_lessc: case op_leqc:   case op_grtc:  case op_geqc:
+        case op_pnum:
+            std::cout<<" ("<<num_table[c.num]<<")";break;
+        case op_callb:
+            printf(" <%s@0x%lx>",builtin[c.num].name,(uint64_t)builtin[c.num].func);break;
+        case op_happ:  case op_pstr:
+        case op_lnkc:  case op_lnkeqc:
+        case op_callh: case op_mcallh:
+        case op_para:  case op_defpara:case op_dynpara:
+            printf(" (\"%s\")",rawstr(str_table[c.num]).c_str());break;
+        case op_upval:case op_mupval:  case op_loadu:
+            printf(" (0x%x[0x%x])",(c.num>>16)&0xffff,c.num&0xffff);break;
+        default:break;
+    }
+    printf(" (%s:%d)\n",files[c.fidx].c_str(),c.line);
+}
+void nasal_vm::traceback()
+{
+    uint32_t global_size=bytecode[0].num; // bytecode[0] is op_intg
+    nasal_ref* top=gc.top;
+    nasal_ref* bottom=gc.stack+global_size;
+    std::stack<uint32_t> ret;
+    for(nasal_ref* i=bottom;i<=top;++i)
+        if(i->type==vm_ret)
+            ret.push(i->ret());
+    // push pc to ret stack to store the position program crashed
+    ret.push(pc);
+    printf("trace back:\n");
+    uint32_t same=0,last=0xffffffff;
+    for(uint32_t point=0;!ret.empty();last=point,ret.pop())
+    {
+        if((point=ret.top())==last)
+        {
+            ++same;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if(same)
+            printf("\t0x%.8x: %d same call(s)\n",last,same);
+        same=0;
+        bytecodeinfo("\t",point);
+    }
+    if(same)
+        printf("\t0x%.8x: %d same call(s)\n",last,same);
+}
+void nasal_vm::stackinfo(const uint32_t limit=10)
+{
+    uint32_t global_size=bytecode[0].num; // bytecode[0] is op_intg
+    nasal_ref* top=gc.top;
+    nasal_ref* bottom=gc.stack+global_size;
+    if(top<bottom)
+    {
+        printf("vm stack(limit %d, total 0)\n",limit);
+        return;
+    }
+    printf("vm stack(limit %d, total %ld):\n",limit,top-bottom+1);
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<limit && top>=bottom;++i,--top)
+        valinfo(top[0]);
+}
+void nasal_vm::global_state()
+{
+    if(!bytecode[0].num || gc.stack[0].type==vm_none) // bytecode[0].op is op_intg
+    {
+        printf("no global value exists\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    printf("global:\n");
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<bytecode[0].num;++i)
+    {
+        printf("[0x%.8x]",i);
+        valinfo(gc.stack[i]);
+    }
+}
+void nasal_vm::local_state()
+{
+    if(gc.local.empty() || !gc.local.back().vec()->elems.size())
+    {
+        printf("no local value exists\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    printf("local:\n");
+    auto& vec=gc.local.back().vec()->elems;
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<vec.size();++i)
+    {
+        printf("[0x%.8x]",i);
+        valinfo(vec[i]);
+    }
+}
+void nasal_vm::upval_state()
+{
+    if(fstk.empty() || fstk.top()->upvalue.empty())
+    {
+        printf("no upvalue exists\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    printf("upvalue:\n");
+    auto& upval=fstk.top()->upvalue;
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<upval.size();++i)
+    {
+        auto& vec=upval[i].vec()->elems;
+        for(uint32_t j=0;j<vec.size();++j)
+        {
+            printf("[%.4x][%.4x]",i,j);
+            valinfo(vec[j]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+void nasal_vm::detail()
+{
+    printf("mcall address: 0x%lx\n",(uint64_t)mem_addr);
+    global_state();
+    local_state();
+    upval_state();
+}
+void nasal_vm::opcallsort(const uint64_t* arr)
+{
+    typedef std::pair<uint32_t,uint64_t> op;
+    std::vector<op> opcall;
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<=op_exit;++i)
+        opcall.push_back({i,arr[i]});
+    std::sort(
+        opcall.begin(),
+        opcall.end(),
+        [](op& a,op& b){return a.second>b.second;}
+    );
+    uint64_t total=0;
+    for(auto& i:opcall)
+    {
+        if(!i.second)
+            break;
+        total+=i.second;
+        std::cout<<'\n'<<code_table[i.first].name<<": "<<i.second;
+    }
+    std::cout<<"\ntotal : "<<total<<'\n';
+}
+void nasal_vm::die(std::string str)
+{
+    printf("[vm] %s\n",str.c_str());
+    traceback();
+    stackinfo();
+    if(detail_info)
+        detail();
+    std::exit(1);
+}
+inline bool nasal_vm::condition(nasal_ref val)
+{
+    if(val.type==vm_num)
+        return val.value.num;
+    else if(val.type==vm_str)
+    {
+        double num=str2num(val.str()->c_str());
+        if(std::isnan(num))
+            return !val.str()->empty();
+        return num;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_nop(){}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_intg()
+{
+    // global values store on stack
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<imm[pc];++i)
+        (gc.top++)[0].type=vm_nil;
+    --gc.top;// point to the top
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_intl()
+{
+    gc.top[0].func()->local.resize(imm[pc],nil);
+    gc.top[0].func()->lsize=imm[pc];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_loadg()
+{
+    gc.stack[imm[pc]]=(gc.top--)[0];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_loadl()
+{
+    gc.local.back().vec()->elems[imm[pc]]=(gc.top--)[0];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_loadu()
+{
+    fstk.top()->upvalue[(imm[pc]>>16)&0xffff].vec()->elems[imm[pc]&0xffff]=(gc.top--)[0];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_pnum()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]={vm_num,num_table[imm[pc]]};
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_pnil()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]={vm_nil,(double)0};
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_pstr()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]=gc.strs[imm[pc]];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_newv()
+{
+    nasal_ref newv=gc.alloc(vm_vec);
+    auto& vec=newv.vec()->elems;
+    vec.resize(imm[pc]);
+    // use top-=imm[pc]-1 here will cause error if imm[pc] is 0
+    gc.top=gc.top-imm[pc]+1;
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<imm[pc];++i)
+        vec[i]=gc.top[i];
+    gc.top[0]=newv;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_newh()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]=gc.alloc(vm_hash);
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_newf()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]=gc.alloc(vm_func);
+    nasal_func* func=gc.top[0].func();
+    func->entry=imm[pc];
+    func->psize=1;
+    if(!gc.local.empty())
+    {
+        func->upvalue=fstk.top()->upvalue;
+        func->upvalue.push_back(gc.local.back());
+    }
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_happ()
+{
+    gc.top[-1].hash()->elems[str_table[imm[pc]]]=gc.top[0];
+    --gc.top;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_para()
+{
+    nasal_func* func=gc.top[0].func();
+    func->keys[str_table[imm[pc]]]=func->psize;// func->size has 1 place reserved for "me"
+    func->local[func->psize++]={vm_none};
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_defpara()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.top[0];
+    nasal_func* func=(--gc.top)[0].func();
+    func->keys[str_table[imm[pc]]]=func->psize;// func->size has 1 place reserved for "me"
+    func->local[func->psize++]=val;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_dynpara()
+{
+    gc.top[0].func()->dynpara=imm[pc];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_unot()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.top[0];
+    switch(val.type)
+    {
+        case vm_nil:gc.top[0]=one;break;
+        case vm_num:gc.top[0]=val.num()?zero:one;break;
+        case vm_str:
+        {
+            double num=str2num(val.str()->c_str());
+            if(std::isnan(num))
+                gc.top[0]={vm_num,(double)val.str()->empty()};
+            else
+                gc.top[0]=num?zero:one;
+        }
+        break;
+        default:die("unot: incorrect value type");break;
+    }
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_usub()
+{
+    gc.top[0]={vm_num,-gc.top[0].to_number()};
+}
+
+#define op_calc(type)\
+    nasal_ref val(vm_num,gc.top[-1].to_number() type gc.top[0].to_number());\
+    (--gc.top)[0]=val;
+
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_add(){op_calc(+);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_sub(){op_calc(-);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_mul(){op_calc(*);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_div(){op_calc(/);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_lnk()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.alloc(vm_str);
+    *val.str()=gc.top[-1].to_string()+gc.top[0].to_string();
+    (--gc.top)[0]=val;
+}
+
+#define op_calc_const(type)\
+    nasal_ref val(vm_num,gc.top[0].to_number() type num_table[imm[pc]]);\
+    gc.top[0]=val;
+
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_addc(){op_calc_const(+);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_subc(){op_calc_const(-);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_mulc(){op_calc_const(*);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_divc(){op_calc_const(/);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_lnkc()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.alloc(vm_str);
+    *val.str()=gc.top[0].to_string()+str_table[imm[pc]];
+    gc.top[0]=val;
+}
+
+#define op_calc_eq(type)\
+    nasal_ref val(vm_num,mem_addr[0].to_number() type gc.top[-1].to_number());\
+    (--gc.top)[0]=mem_addr[0]=val;
+
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_addeq(){op_calc_eq(+);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_subeq(){op_calc_eq(-);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_muleq(){op_calc_eq(*);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_diveq(){op_calc_eq(/);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_lnkeq()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.alloc(vm_str);
+    *val.str()=mem_addr[0].to_string()+gc.top[-1].to_string();
+    (--gc.top)[0]=mem_addr[0]=val;
+}
+
+#define op_calc_eq_const(type)\
+    nasal_ref val(vm_num,mem_addr[0].to_number() type num_table[imm[pc]]);\
+    gc.top[0]=mem_addr[0]=val;
+
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_addeqc(){op_calc_eq_const(+);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_subeqc(){op_calc_eq_const(-);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_muleqc(){op_calc_eq_const(*);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_diveqc(){op_calc_eq_const(/);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_lnkeqc()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.alloc(vm_str);
+    *val.str()=mem_addr[0].to_string()+str_table[imm[pc]];
+    gc.top[0]=mem_addr[0]=val;
+}
+
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_meq()
+{
+    mem_addr[0]=(--gc.top)[0];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_eq()
+{
+    nasal_ref val2=gc.top[0];
+    nasal_ref val1=(--gc.top)[0];
+    if(val1.type==vm_nil && val2.type==vm_nil)
+        gc.top[0]=one;
+    else if(val1.type==vm_str && val2.type==vm_str)
+        gc.top[0]=(*val1.str()==*val2.str())?one:zero;
+    else if(val1.type==vm_num || val2.type==vm_num)
+        gc.top[0]=(val1.to_number()==val2.to_number())?one:zero;
+    else
+        gc.top[0]=(val1==val2)?one:zero;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_neq()
+{
+    nasal_ref val2=gc.top[0];
+    nasal_ref val1=(--gc.top)[0];
+    if(val1.type==vm_nil && val2.type==vm_nil)
+        gc.top[0]=zero;
+    else if(val1.type==vm_str && val2.type==vm_str)
+        gc.top[0]=(*val1.str()!=*val2.str())?one:zero;
+    else if(val1.type==vm_num || val2.type==vm_num)
+        gc.top[0]=(val1.to_number()!=val2.to_number())?one:zero;
+    else
+        gc.top[0]=(val1!=val2)?one:zero;
+}
+
+#define op_cmp(type)\
+    --gc.top;\
+    gc.top[0]=(gc.top[0].to_number() type gc.top[1].to_number())?one:zero;
+
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_less(){op_cmp(<);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_leq(){op_cmp(<=);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_grt(){op_cmp(>);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_geq(){op_cmp(>=);}
+
+#define op_cmp_const(type)\
+    gc.top[0]=(gc.top[0].to_number() type num_table[imm[pc]])?one:zero;
+
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_lessc(){op_cmp_const(<);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_leqc(){op_cmp_const(<=);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_grtc(){op_cmp_const(>);}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_geqc(){op_cmp_const(>=);}
+
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_pop()
+{
+    --gc.top;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_jmp()
+{
+    pc=imm[pc]-1;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_jt()
+{
+    if(condition(gc.top[0]))
+        pc=imm[pc]-1;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_jf()
+{
+    if(!condition(gc.top[0]))
+        pc=imm[pc]-1;
+    --gc.top;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_counter()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]={vm_cnt,(int64_t)-1};
+    if(gc.top[-1].type!=vm_vec)
+        die("cnt: must use vector in forindex/foreach");
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_findex()
+{
+    if(++gc.top[0].cnt()>=gc.top[-1].vec()->elems.size())
+    {
+        pc=imm[pc]-1;
+        return;
+    }
+    gc.top[1]={vm_num,(double)gc.top[0].cnt()};
+    ++gc.top;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_feach()
+{
+    std::vector<nasal_ref>& ref=gc.top[-1].vec()->elems;
+    if(++gc.top[0].cnt()>=ref.size())
+    {
+        pc=imm[pc]-1;
+        return;
+    }
+    gc.top[1]=ref[gc.top[0].cnt()];
+    ++gc.top;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_callg()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]=gc.stack[imm[pc]];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_calll()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]=gc.local.back().vec()->elems[imm[pc]];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_upval()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]=fstk.top()->upvalue[(imm[pc]>>16)&0xffff].vec()->elems[imm[pc]&0xffff];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_callv()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.top[0];
+    nasal_ref vec=(--gc.top)[0];
+    if(vec.type==vm_vec)
+    {
+        gc.top[0]=vec.vec()->get_val(val.to_number());
+        if(gc.top[0].type==vm_none)
+            die("callv: index out of range:"+std::to_string(val.to_number()));
+    }
+    else if(vec.type==vm_hash)
+    {
+        if(val.type!=vm_str)
+            die("callv: must use string as the key");
+        gc.top[0]=vec.hash()->get_val(*val.str());
+        if(gc.top[0].type==vm_none)
+            die("callv: cannot find member \""+*val.str()+"\" of this hash");
+        if(gc.top[0].type==vm_func)
+            gc.top[0].func()->local[0]=val;// 'me'
+    }
+    else if(vec.type==vm_str)
+    {
+        std::string& str=*vec.str();
+        int num=val.to_number();
+        int str_size=str.length();
+        if(num<-str_size || num>=str_size)
+            die("callv: index out of range:"+std::to_string(val.to_number()));
+        gc.top[0]={vm_num,double((uint8_t)str[num>=0? num:num+str_size])};
+    }
+    else
+        die("callv: must call a vector/hash/string");
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_callvi()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.top[0];
+    if(val.type!=vm_vec)
+        die("callvi: must use a vector");
+
+    // cannot use operator[],because this may cause overflow
+    (++gc.top)[0]=val.vec()->get_val(imm[pc]);
+    if(gc.top[0].type==vm_none)
+        die("callvi: index out of range:"+std::to_string(imm[pc]));
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_callh()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.top[0];
+    if(val.type!=vm_hash)
+        die("callh: must call a hash");
+
+    gc.top[0]=val.hash()->get_val(str_table[imm[pc]]);
+    if(gc.top[0].type==vm_none)
+        die("callh: member \""+str_table[imm[pc]]+"\" does not exist");
+
+    if(gc.top[0].type==vm_func)
+        gc.top[0].func()->local[0]=val;// 'me'
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_callfv()
+{
+    uint32_t   argc=imm[pc];      // arguments counter
+    nasal_ref* args=gc.top-argc+1;// arguments begin place
+    if(args[-1].type!=vm_func)
+        die("callfv: must call a function");
+    
+    nasal_func* func=args[-1].func();
+    if(gc.top+func->lsize>=canary)
+        die("stackoverflow");
+    fstk.push(func);// push called function into stack to provide upvalue
+    
+    gc.local.push_back(gc.alloc(vm_vec));    // get new vector as local scope
+    gc.local.back().vec()->elems=func->local;// copy data from func.local to local scope
+    auto& local=gc.local.back().vec()->elems;
+
+    uint32_t psize=func->psize-1;// parameter size is func->psize-1, 1 is reserved for "me"
+    // load arguments
+    // if the first default value is not vm_none,then values after it are not nullptr
+    // args_size+1 is because the first space is reserved for 'me'
+    if(argc<psize && func->local[argc+1].type==vm_none)
+        die("callfv: lack argument(s)");
+    // if args_size>para_size,for 0 to args_size will cause corruption
+    uint32_t min_size=std::min(psize,argc);
+    for(uint32_t i=0;i<min_size;++i)
+        local[i+1]=args[i];
+    // load dynamic argument if args_size>=para_size
+    if(func->dynpara>=0)
+    {
+        nasal_ref vec=gc.alloc(vm_vec);
+        for(uint32_t i=psize;i<argc;++i)
+            vec.vec()->elems.push_back(args[i]);
+        local[min_size+1]=vec;
+    }
+    
+    gc.top-=argc; // pop arguments
+    (++gc.top)[0]={vm_ret,pc};
+    pc=func->entry-1;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_callfh()
+{
+    auto& hash=gc.top[0].hash()->elems;
+    if(gc.top[-1].type!=vm_func)
+        die("callfh: must call a function");
+    // push function and new local scope
+    nasal_func* func=gc.top[-1].func();
+    if(gc.top+func->lsize>=canary)
+        die("stackoverflow");
+    if(func->dynpara>=0)
+        die("callfh: special call cannot use dynamic argument");
+    fstk.push(func);
+
+    gc.local.push_back(gc.alloc(vm_vec));
+    gc.local.back().vec()->elems=func->local;
+    auto& local=gc.local.back().vec()->elems;
+    
+    for(auto& i:func->keys)
+    {
+        if(hash.count(i.first))
+            local[i.second]=hash[i.first];
+        else if(local[i.second].type==vm_none)
+            die("callfh: lack argument(s): \""+i.first+"\"");
+    }
+
+    gc.top[0]={vm_ret,(uint32_t)pc}; // rewrite top with vm_ret
+    pc=func->entry-1;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_callb()
+{
+    (++gc.top)[0]=(*builtin[imm[pc]].func)(gc.local.back().vec()->elems,gc);
+    if(gc.top[0].type==vm_none)
+        die("native function error.");
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_slcbegin()
+{
+    // | slice_vector | <-- gc.top[0]
+    // +--------------+
+    // | resource_vec | <-- gc.top[-1]
+    // +--------------+
+    (++gc.top)[0]=gc.alloc(vm_vec);
+    if(gc.top[-1].type!=vm_vec)
+        die("slcbegin: must slice a vector");
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_slcend()
+{
+    gc.top[-1]=gc.top[0];
+    --gc.top;
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_slc()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=(gc.top--)[0];
+    nasal_ref res=gc.top[-1].vec()->get_val(val.to_number());
+    if(res.type==vm_none)
+        die("slc: index out of range:"+std::to_string(val.to_number()));
+    gc.top[0].vec()->elems.push_back(res);
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_slc2()
+{
+    nasal_ref val2=(gc.top--)[0];
+    nasal_ref val1=(gc.top--)[0];
+    std::vector<nasal_ref>& ref=gc.top[-1].vec()->elems;
+    std::vector<nasal_ref>& aim=gc.top[0].vec()->elems;
+
+    uint8_t type1=val1.type,type2=val2.type;
+    int num1=val1.to_number();
+    int num2=val2.to_number();
+    int size=ref.size();
+    if(type1==vm_nil && type2==vm_nil)
+    {
+        num1=0;
+        num2=size-1;
+    }
+    else if(type1==vm_nil && type2!=vm_nil)
+        num1=num2<0? -size:0;
+    else if(type1!=vm_nil && type2==vm_nil)
+        num2=num1<0? -1:size-1;
+
+    if(num1>=num2)
+        die("slc2: begin index must be less than end index");
+    else if(num1<-size || num1>=size)
+        die("slc2: begin index out of range: "+std::to_string(num1));
+    else if(num2<-size || num2>=size)
+        die("slc2: end index out of range: "+std::to_string(num2));
+    else
+        for(int i=num1;i<=num2;++i)
+            aim.push_back(i>=0?ref[i]:ref[i+size]);
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_mcallg()
+{
+    mem_addr=gc.stack+imm[pc];
+    (++gc.top)[0]=mem_addr[0];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_mcalll()
+{
+    mem_addr=&(gc.local.back().vec()->elems[imm[pc]]);
+    (++gc.top)[0]=mem_addr[0];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_mupval()
+{
+    mem_addr=&fstk.top()->upvalue[(imm[pc]>>16)&0xffff].vec()->elems[imm[pc]&0xffff];
+    (++gc.top)[0]=mem_addr[0];
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_mcallv()
+{
+    nasal_ref val=gc.top[0];
+    nasal_ref vec=(--gc.top)[0];
+    if(vec.type==vm_vec)
+    {
+        mem_addr=vec.vec()->get_mem(val.to_number());
+        if(!mem_addr)
+            die("mcallv: index out of range:"+std::to_string(val.to_number()));
+    }
+    else if(vec.type==vm_hash)
+    {
+        if(val.type!=vm_str)
+            die("mcallv: must use string as the key");
+        nasal_hash& ref=*vec.hash();
+        std::string& str=*val.str();
+        mem_addr=ref.get_mem(str);
+        if(!mem_addr)
+        {
+            ref.elems[str]={vm_nil};
+            mem_addr=ref.get_mem(str);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+        die("mcallv: cannot get memory space in other types");
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_mcallh()
+{
+    nasal_ref hash=gc.top[0];
+    if(hash.type!=vm_hash)
+        die("mcallh: must call a hash");
+    nasal_hash& ref=*hash.hash();
+    const std::string& str=str_table[imm[pc]];
+    mem_addr=ref.get_mem(str);
+    if(!mem_addr) // create a new key
+    {
+        ref.elems[str]={vm_nil};
+        mem_addr=ref.get_mem(str);
+    }
+}
+inline void nasal_vm::opr_ret()
+{
+    // | return value    | <- gc.top[0]
+    // +-----------------+
+    // | return address  | <- gc.top[-1]
+    // +-----------------+
+    // | called function | <- gc.top[-2] funct is set on stack because gc may mark it
+    // +-----------------+
+    pc=gc.top[-1].ret();
+    gc.top[-2].func()->local[0]={vm_nil,nullptr}; // get func and set 'me' to nil
+    gc.top[-2]=gc.top[0]; // rewrite func with returned value
+    gc.top-=2;
+
+    fstk.pop();
+    gc.local.pop_back();
+}
+void nasal_vm::run(
+    const nasal_codegen& gen,
+    const nasal_import& linker,
+    const bool opcnt,
+    const bool detail)
+{
+    detail_info=detail;
+    init(gen.get_strs(),gen.get_nums(),linker.get_file());
+    uint64_t count[op_exit+1]={0};
+    const void* opr_table[]=
+    {
+        &&nop,     &&intg,     &&intl,   &&loadg,
+        &&loadl,   &&loadu,    &&pnum,   &&pnil,
+        &&pstr,    &&newv,     &&newh,   &&newf,
+        &&happ,    &&para,     &&defpara,&&dynpara,
+        &&unot,    &&usub,     &&add,    &&sub,
+        &&mul,     &&div,      &&lnk,    &&addc,
+        &&subc,    &&mulc,     &&divc,   &&lnkc,
+        &&addeq,   &&subeq,    &&muleq,  &&diveq,
+        &&lnkeq,   &&addeqc,   &&subeqc, &&muleqc,
+        &&diveqc,  &&lnkeqc,   &&meq,    &&eq,
+        &&neq,     &&less,     &&leq,    &&grt,
+        &&geq,     &&lessc,    &&leqc,   &&grtc,
+        &&geqc,    &&pop,      &&jmp,    &&jt,
+        &&jf,      &&counter,  &&findex, &&feach,
+        &&callg,   &&calll,    &&upval,  &&callv,
+        &&callvi,  &&callh,    &&callfv, &&callfh,
+        &&callb,   &&slcbegin, &&slcend, &&slc,
+        &&slc2,    &&mcallg,   &&mcalll, &&mupval,
+        &&mcallv,  &&mcallh,   &&ret,    &&vmexit
+    };
+    bytecode=gen.get_code().data();
+    std::vector<const void*> code;
+    for(auto& i:gen.get_code())
+    {
+        code.push_back(opr_table[i.op]);
+        imm.push_back(i.num);
+    }
+
+    // set canary and program counter
+    canary=gc.stack+STACK_MAX_DEPTH-1;
+    pc=0;
+    // goto the first operand
+    goto *code[pc];
+
+vmexit:
+    if(gc.top>=canary)
+        die("stack overflow");
+    if(opcnt)
+        opcallsort(count);
+    if(detail_info)
+        gc.info();
+    gc.clear();
+    imm.clear();
+    return;
+// may cause stackoverflow
+#define exec_operand(op,num) {op();++count[num];if(gc.top<canary)goto *code[++pc];goto vmexit;}
+// do not cause stackoverflow
+#define exec_opnodie(op,num) {op();++count[num];goto *code[++pc];}
+
+nop:     exec_opnodie(opr_nop     ,op_nop     ); // 0
+intg:    exec_opnodie(opr_intg    ,op_intg    ); // +imm[pc] (detected at codegen)
+intl:    exec_opnodie(opr_intl    ,op_intl    ); // -0
+loadg:   exec_opnodie(opr_loadg   ,op_loadg   ); // -1
+loadl:   exec_opnodie(opr_loadl   ,op_loadl   ); // -1
+loadu:   exec_opnodie(opr_loadu   ,op_loadu   ); // -1
+pnum:    exec_operand(opr_pnum    ,op_pnum    ); // +1
+pnil:    exec_operand(opr_pnil    ,op_pnil    ); // +1
+pstr:    exec_operand(opr_pstr    ,op_pstr    ); // +1
+newv:    exec_operand(opr_newv    ,op_newv    ); // +1-imm[pc]
+newh:    exec_operand(opr_newh    ,op_newh    ); // +1
+newf:    exec_operand(opr_newf    ,op_newf    ); // +1
+happ:    exec_opnodie(opr_happ    ,op_happ    ); // -1
+para:    exec_opnodie(opr_para    ,op_para    ); // -0
+defpara: exec_opnodie(opr_defpara ,op_defpara ); // -1
+dynpara: exec_opnodie(opr_dynpara ,op_dynpara ); // -0
+unot:    exec_opnodie(opr_unot    ,op_unot    ); // -0
+usub:    exec_opnodie(opr_usub    ,op_usub    ); // -0
+add:     exec_opnodie(opr_add     ,op_add     ); // -1
+sub:     exec_opnodie(opr_sub     ,op_sub     ); // -1
+mul:     exec_opnodie(opr_mul     ,op_mul     ); // -1
+div:     exec_opnodie(opr_div     ,op_div     ); // -1
+lnk:     exec_opnodie(opr_lnk     ,op_lnk     ); // -1
+addc:    exec_opnodie(opr_addc    ,op_addc    ); // -0
+subc:    exec_opnodie(opr_subc    ,op_subc    ); // -0
+mulc:    exec_opnodie(opr_mulc    ,op_mulc    ); // -0
+divc:    exec_opnodie(opr_divc    ,op_divc    ); // -0
+lnkc:    exec_opnodie(opr_lnkc    ,op_lnkc    ); // -0
+addeq:   exec_opnodie(opr_addeq   ,op_addeq   ); // -1
+subeq:   exec_opnodie(opr_subeq   ,op_subeq   ); // -1
+muleq:   exec_opnodie(opr_muleq   ,op_muleq   ); // -1
+diveq:   exec_opnodie(opr_diveq   ,op_diveq   ); // -1
+lnkeq:   exec_opnodie(opr_lnkeq   ,op_lnkeq   ); // -1
+addeqc:  exec_opnodie(opr_addeqc  ,op_addeqc  ); // -0
+subeqc:  exec_opnodie(opr_subeqc  ,op_subeqc  ); // -0
+muleqc:  exec_opnodie(opr_muleqc  ,op_muleqc  ); // -0
+diveqc:  exec_opnodie(opr_diveqc  ,op_diveqc  ); // -0
+lnkeqc:  exec_opnodie(opr_lnkeqc  ,op_lnkeqc  ); // -0
+meq:     exec_opnodie(opr_meq     ,op_meq     ); // -1
+eq:      exec_opnodie(opr_eq      ,op_eq      ); // -1
+neq:     exec_opnodie(opr_neq     ,op_neq     ); // -1
+less:    exec_opnodie(opr_less    ,op_less    ); // -1
+leq:     exec_opnodie(opr_leq     ,op_leq     ); // -1
+grt:     exec_opnodie(opr_grt     ,op_grt     ); // -1
+geq:     exec_opnodie(opr_geq     ,op_geq     ); // -1
+lessc:   exec_opnodie(opr_lessc   ,op_lessc   ); // -0
+leqc:    exec_opnodie(opr_leqc    ,op_leqc    ); // -0
+grtc:    exec_opnodie(opr_grtc    ,op_grtc    ); // -0
+geqc:    exec_opnodie(opr_geqc    ,op_geqc    ); // -0
+pop:     exec_opnodie(opr_pop     ,op_pop     ); // -1
+jmp:     exec_opnodie(opr_jmp     ,op_jmp     ); // -0
+jt:      exec_opnodie(opr_jt      ,op_jt      ); // -0
+jf:      exec_opnodie(opr_jf      ,op_jf      ); // -1
+counter: exec_opnodie(opr_counter ,op_cnt     ); // -0
+findex:  exec_operand(opr_findex  ,op_findex  ); // +1
+feach:   exec_operand(opr_feach   ,op_feach   ); // +1
+callg:   exec_operand(opr_callg   ,op_callg   ); // +1
+calll:   exec_operand(opr_calll   ,op_calll   ); // +1
+upval:   exec_operand(opr_upval   ,op_upval   ); // +1
+callv:   exec_opnodie(opr_callv   ,op_callv   ); // -0
+callvi:  exec_opnodie(opr_callvi  ,op_callvi  ); // -0
+callh:   exec_opnodie(opr_callh   ,op_callh   ); // -0
+callfv:  exec_operand(opr_callfv  ,op_callfv  ); // +1-imm[pc] call this will push >=0 arguments
+callfh:  exec_opnodie(opr_callfh  ,op_callfh  ); // -0 call this will push one hash
+callb:   exec_opnodie(opr_callb   ,op_callb   ); // -0
+slcbegin:exec_operand(opr_slcbegin,op_slcbegin); // +1
+slcend:  exec_opnodie(opr_slcend  ,op_slcend  ); // -1
+slc:     exec_opnodie(opr_slc     ,op_slc     ); // -1
+slc2:    exec_opnodie(opr_slc2    ,op_slc2    ); // -2
+mcallg:  exec_operand(opr_mcallg  ,op_mcallg  ); // +1
+mcalll:  exec_operand(opr_mcalll  ,op_mcalll  ); // +1
+mupval:  exec_operand(opr_mupval  ,op_mupval  ); // +1
+mcallv:  exec_opnodie(opr_mcallv  ,op_mcallv  ); // -0
+mcallh:  exec_opnodie(opr_mcallh  ,op_mcallh  ); // -0
+ret:     exec_opnodie(opr_ret     ,op_ret     ); // -1
+}
+#endif

props.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var props=
+{
+    globals:nil,
+    Node:nil,
+    getNode:func(path,index)
+    {
+        path=split('/',path);
+        var tmp=me.globals;
+        var path_size=size(path);
+        for(var i=0;i<path_size-1;i+=1)
+            tmp=tmp.val[path[i]];
+        if(path_size>0)
+        {
+            if(contains(tmp.val,path[i]~'['~index~']'))
+                return tmp.val[path[i]~'['~index~']'];
+            else
+                return tmp.val[path[i]];
+        }
+        return tmp;
+    }
+};
+
+props.Node=
+{
+    new:func(values=nil)
+    {
+        var result={
+            parents:[props.Node],
+            val:{},
+            type:'GHOST',
+            parent:nil
+        };
+        if(typeof(values)=="hash")
+            result.val=values;
+        return result;
+    },
+    addChild:func(name)
+    {
+        if(!contains(me.val,name))
+        {
+            me.val[name]=props.Node.new();
+            me.val[name].parent=me;
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    },
+    addChildren:func(name,cnt=0)
+    {
+        for(var i=0;i<cnt;i+=1)
+        {
+            var label=name~'['~i~']';
+            me.val[label]=props.Node.new();
+            me.val[label].parent=me;
+        }
+        return;
+    },
+    setValue:func(path,val)
+    {
+        path=split('/',path);
+        var tmp=me;
+        foreach(var label;path)
+            tmp=tmp.val[label];
+        tmp.val=val;
+        if(typeof(val)=='str')
+        {
+            if(val=='true' or val=='false')
+                tmp.type='BOOL';
+            else
+                tmp.type='STRING';
+        }
+        elsif(typeof(val)=='num')
+            tmp.type='DOUBLE';
+        return;
+    },
+    setIntValue:func(num)
+    {
+        me.val=num;
+        me.type='INT';
+        return;
+    },
+    setBoolValue:func(state)
+    {
+        me.val=state;
+        me.type='BOOL';
+        return;
+    },
+    setDoubleValue:func(num)
+    {
+        me.val=num;
+        me.type='DOUBLE';
+        return;
+    },
+    getValue:func(){return me.val;},
+    getName:func()
+    {
+        var val=me.parent.val;
+        var key=keys(val);
+        foreach(var k;key)
+            if(val[k]==me)
+                return k;
+        return '';
+    },
+    getParent:func()
+    {
+        return me.parent;
+    },
+    getPath:func()
+    {
+        if(me.parent==nil) return '';
+        return me.parent.getPath()~'/'~me.getName();
+    },
+    equals:func(node){return me==node;},
+    debug:func(s='')
+    {
+        if(typeof(me.val)=='hash')
+        {
+            var key=keys(me.val);
+            if(!size(key))
+            {
+                println("{}");
+                return;
+            }
+            println('{');
+            foreach(var k;key)
+            {
+                print(s~'  ',k,':');
+                me.val[k].debug(s~'  ');
+            }
+            println(s,'}');
+        }
+        else
+            println(me.val,' (',me.type,')');
+        return;
+    }
+};
+
+props.globals=props.Node.new();
+var c=['aircraft','ai','models','position','orientation','controls','sim'];
+foreach(var i;c)
+    props.getNode('/',1).addChild(i);
+props.getNode('/ai',1).addChildren('ai',4);
+props.getNode('/aircraft',1).setValue('/','IDG MD-11');
+for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
+    props.getNode('/ai/ai['~i~']',1).setBoolValue('true');
+props.getNode('/models',1).addChildren('building',4);
+for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
+    props.getNode('/models/building['~i~']',1).setIntValue(i);
+props.getNode('/',1).addChild('test');
+props.getNode('/test',1).addChildren('in',4);
+props.getNode('/test/in',0).setValue('/','true');
+props.getNode('/test/in',1).setValue('/','false');
+props.getNode('/test/in',2).setValue('/','welcome aboard,need help? use help->tutorial');
+props.getNode('/test/in',3).setValue('/',2147483648);
+props.globals.debug();
+println(props.getNode('/test/in',3).getPath());

stl/lib.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+# lib.nas
+
+# import is used to link another file, this lib function will do nothing.
+# because nasal_import will recognize this and link files before generating bytecode.
+var import=func(filename){
+    return __builtin_import(filename);
+}
+
+# print is used to print all things in nasal, try and see how it works.
+# this function uses std::cout/printf to output logs.
+var print=func(elems...){
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
+}
+
+# append is used to add values into a vector.
+var append=func(vec,elems...){
+    return __builtin_append(vec,elems);
+}
+
+# setsize is used to change the size of vector.
+# if the size is larger than before,
+# this function will fill vm_nil into uninitialized space.
+var setsize=func(vec,size){
+    return __builtin_setsize(vec,size);
+}
+
+# system has the same use in C.
+var system=func(str){
+    return __builtin_system(str);
+}
+
+# input uses std::cin and returns what we input.
+var input=func(){
+    return __builtin_input();
+}
+
+# split a string by delimiter for example:
+# split("ll","hello world") -> ["he","o world"]
+# this function will return a vector.
+var split=func(deli,str){
+    return __builtin_split(deli,str);
+}
+
+# rand has the same function as the rand in C
+# if seed is nil, it will return the random number.
+# if seed is not nil, it will be initialized by this seed.
+var rand=func(seed=nil){
+    return __builtin_rand(seed);
+}
+
+# id will return the pointer of an gc-object.
+# if this object is not managed by gc, it will return 0.
+var id=func(object){
+    return __builtin_id(object);
+}
+
+# int will get the integer of input number.
+# but carefully use it, because int has range between -2147483648~2147483647
+var int=func(val){
+    return __builtin_int(val);
+}
+
+# num will change all the other types into number.
+# mostly used to change a numerable string.
+var num=func(val){
+    return __builtin_num(val);
+}
+
+# pop used to pop the last element in a vector.
+# this function will return the value that poped if vector has element(s).
+# if the vector is empty, it will return nil.
+var pop=func(vec){
+    return __builtin_pop(vec);
+}
+
+# str is used to change number into string.
+var str=func(num){
+    return __builtin_str(num);
+}
+
+# size can get the size of a string/vector/hashmap.
+# in fact it can also get the size of number, and the result is the number itself.
+# so don't do useless things, though it really works.
+var size=func(object){
+    return __builtin_size(object);
+}
+
+# contains is used to check if a key exists in a hashmap/dict.
+var contains=func(hash,key){
+    return __builtin_contains(hash,key);
+}
+
+# delete is used to delete a pair in a hashmap/dict by key.
+var delete=func(hash,key){
+    return __builtin_delete(hash,key);
+}
+
+# keys is used to get all keys in a hashmap/dict.
+# this function will return a vector.
+var keys=func(hash){
+    return __builtin_keys(hash);
+}
+
+# time has the same function in C.
+var time=func(begin){
+    return __builtin_time(begin);
+}
+
+# die is a special native function.
+# use it at where you want the program to crash immediately.
+var die=func(str){
+    return __builtin_die(str);
+}
+
+# typeof is used to get the type of an object.
+# this function returns a string.
+var typeof=func(object){
+    return __builtin_type(object);
+}
+
+# substr will get the sub-string.
+# it gets the string, the begin index and sub-string's length as arguments.
+var substr=func(str,begin,len){
+    return __builtin_substr(str,begin,len);
+}
+
+# streq is used to compare if two strings are the same.
+var streq=func(a,b){
+    return __builtin_streq(a,b);
+}
+
+# left is used to get the sub-string like substr.
+# but the begin index is 0.
+var left=func(str,len){
+    return __builtin_left(str,len);
+}
+
+# right i used to get the sub-string like substr.
+# but the begin index is strlen-len.
+var right=func(str,len){
+    return __builtin_right(str,len);
+}
+
+# cmp is used to compare two strings.
+# normal string will not be correctly compared by operators < > <= >=
+# because these operators will turn strings into numbers then compare.
+var cmp=func(a,b){
+    return __builtin_cmp(a,b);
+}
+
+# chr is used to get the character by ascii-number.
+# for example chr(65) -> 'A'
+var chr=func(code){
+    return __builtin_chr(code);
+}
+
+# println has the same function as print.
+# but it will output a '\n' after using print.
+var println=func(elems...){
+    __builtin_print(elems);
+    elems=['\n'];
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
+}
+
+var io=
+{
+    SEEK_SET:0,
+    SEEK_CUR:1,
+    SEEK_END:2,
+    # get content of a file by filename. returns a string.
+    fin:   func(filename){return __builtin_fin(filename);},
+    # input a string as the content of a file.
+    fout:  func(filename,str){return __builtin_fout(filename,str);},
+    # same as C fopen. open file and get the FILE*.
+    open:  func(filename,mode="r"){return __builtin_open(filename,mode);},
+    # same as C fclose. close file by FILE*.
+    close: func(filehandle){return __builtin_close(filehandle);},
+    # same as C fread. read file by FILE*.
+    read:  func(filehandle,buf,len){return __builtin_read(filehandle,buf,len);},
+    # same as C fwrite. write file by FILE*.
+    write: func(filehandle,str){return __builtin_write(filehandle,str);},
+    # same as C fseek. seek place by FILE*.
+    seek:  func(filehandle,pos,whence){return __builtin_seek(filehandle,pos,whence);},
+    # same as C ftell.
+    tell:  func(filehandle){return __builtin_tell(filehandle);},
+    # read file by lines. use FILE*.
+    # get nil if EOF
+    readln:func(filehandle){return __builtin_readln(filehandle);},
+    # same as C stat.
+    stat:  func(filename){return __builtin_stat(filename);},
+    # same as C feof. check if FILE* gets the end of file(EOF).
+    eof:   func(filehandle){return __builtin_eof(filehandle);}
+};
+
+# get file status. using data from io.stat
+var fstat=func(filename){
+    var s=io.stat(filename);
+    return {
+        st_dev:  s[0],
+        st_ino:  s[1],
+        st_mode: s[2],
+        st_nlink:s[3],
+        st_uid:  s[4],
+        st_gid:  s[5],
+        st_rdev: s[6],
+        st_size: s[7],
+        st_atime:s[8],
+        st_mtime:s[9],
+        st_ctime:s[10]
+    };
+}
+
+# functions that do bitwise calculation.
+# carefully use it, all the calculations are based on integer.
+var bits=
+{
+    # xor
+    bitxor:  func(a,b){return __builtin_xor(a,b); },
+    # and
+    bitand:  func(a,b){return __builtin_and(a,b); },
+    # or
+    bitor:   func(a,b){return __builtin_or(a,b);  },
+    # nand
+    bitnand: func(a,b){return __builtin_nand(a,b);},
+    # not
+    bitnot:  func(a)  {return __builtin_not(a);   },
+    # get bit data from a special string. for example:
+    # bits.fld(s,0,3);
+    # if s stores 10100010(162)
+    # will get 101(5).
+    fld:     func(str,startbit,len){return __builtin_fld;},
+    # get sign-extended data from a special string. for example:
+    # bits.sfld(s,0,3);
+    # if s stores 10100010(162)
+    # will get 101(5) then this will be signed extended to
+    # 11111101(-3).
+    sfld:    func(str,startbit,len){return __builtin_sfld;},
+    # set value into a special string to store it. little-endian, for example:
+    # bits.setfld(s,0,8,69);
+    # set 01000101(69) to string will get this:
+    # 10100010(162)
+    # so s[0]=162.
+    setfld:  func(str,startbit,len,val){return __builtin_setfld;},
+    # get a special string filled by '\0' to use in setfld.
+    buf:     func(len){return __builtin_buf;}
+};
+
+# mostly used math functions and special constants, you know.
+var math=
+{
+    e:     2.7182818284590452354,
+    pi:    3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
+    inf:   1/0,
+    nan:   0/0,
+    sin:   func(x)  {return __builtin_sin(x);    },
+    cos:   func(x)  {return __builtin_cos(x);    },
+    tan:   func(x)  {return __builtin_tan(x);    },
+    exp:   func(x)  {return __builtin_exp(x);    },
+    lg:    func(x)  {return __builtin_lg(x);     },
+    ln:    func(x)  {return __builtin_ln(x);     },
+    sqrt:  func(x)  {return __builtin_sqrt(x);   },
+    atan2: func(x,y){return __builtin_atan2(x,y);},
+    isnan: func(x)  {return __builtin_isnan(x);  }
+};
+
+var unix=
+{
+    pipe:     func(){die("not supported yet");},
+    fork:     func(){die("not supported yet");},
+    dup2:     func(fd0,fd1){die("not supported yet");},
+    exec:     func(filename,argv,envp){die("not supported yet");},
+    waitpid:  func(pid,nohang=0){die("not supported yet");},
+    isdir:    func(path){return bits.bitand(io.stat(path)[2],0x4000);}, # S_IFDIR 0x4000
+    isfile:   func(path){return bits.bitand(io.stat(path)[2],0x8000);}, # S_IFREG 0x8000
+    opendir:  func(path){return __builtin_opendir;},
+    readdir:  func(handle){return __builtin_readdir;},
+    closedir: func(handle){return __builtin_closedir;},
+    time:     func(){return time(0);},
+    sleep:    func(secs){return __builtin_sleep(secs);},
+    chdir:    func(path){return __builtin_chdir(path);},
+    environ:  func(){die("not supported yet");},
+    getcwd:   func(){return __builtin_getcwd();},
+    getenv:   func(envvar){return __builtin_getenv(envvar);}
+};
+
+# dylib is the core hashmap for developers to load their own library.
+var dylib=
+{
+    # open dynamic lib.
+    dlopen:  func(libname){return __builtin_dlopen;},
+    # load symbol from an open dynamic lib.
+    dlsym:   func(lib,sym){return __builtin_dlsym; },
+    # close dynamic lib, this operation will make all the symbols loaded from it invalid.
+    dlclose: func(lib){return __builtin_dlclose;   },
+    # call the loaded symbol.
+    dlcall:  func(funcptr,args...){return __builtin_dlcall}
+};
+
+# os is used to use or get some os-related info/functions.
+# windows/macOS/linux are supported.
+var os=
+{
+    # get a string that tell which os it runs on.
+    platform: func(){return __builtin_platform;}
+};
+
+# runtime gives us some functions that we could manage it manually.
+var runtime=
+{
+    # do garbage collection manually.
+    # carefully use it because using it frequently may make program running slower.
+    gc: func(){return __builtin_gc;}
+};
+
+# important global constants
+var D2R=math.pi/180;
+var FPS2KT=0.5925;
+var FT2M=0.3048;
+var GAL2L=3.7854;
+var IN2M=0.0254;
+var KG2LB=2.2046;
+var KT2FPS=1.6878;
+var KT2MPS=0.5144;
+var L2GAL=0.2642;
+var LB2KG=0.4536;
+var M2FT=3.2808;
+var M2IN=39.3701;
+var M2NM=0.00054;
+var MPS2KT=1.9438;
+var NM2M=1852;
+var R2D=180/math.pi;

stl/list.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# lib list.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var list=func()
+{
+    var (begin,end)=(nil,nil);
+    return{
+        push_back:func(elem){
+            var tmp={elem:elem,prev:nil,next:nil};
+            if(end!=nil){
+                end.next=tmp;
+                tmp.prev=end;
+                end=tmp;
+            }
+            else
+                begin=end=tmp;
+        },
+        push_front:func(elem){
+            var tmp={elem:elem,prev:nil,next:nil};
+            if(begin!=nil){
+                begin.prev=tmp;
+                tmp.next=begin;
+                begin=tmp;
+            }
+            else
+                begin=end=tmp;
+        },
+        pop_back:func(){
+            if(end!=nil)
+                end=end.prev;
+            if(end==nil)
+                begin=nil;
+            else
+                end.next=nil;
+        },
+        pop_front:func(){
+            if(begin!=nil)
+                begin=begin.next;
+            if(begin==nil)
+                end=nil;
+            else
+                begin.prev=nil;
+        },
+        front:func(){
+            if(begin!=nil)
+                return begin.elem;
+        },
+        back:func(){
+            if(end!=nil)
+                return end.elem;
+        },
+    };
+}

stl/queue.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# lib queue.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var queue=func()
+{
+    var (begin,end)=(nil,nil);
+    return{
+        push:func(elem){
+            var new_node={
+                elem:elem,
+                next:nil
+            };
+            if(begin==nil)
+                begin=end=new_node;
+            else{
+                end.next=new_node;
+                end=new_node;
+            }
+        },
+        pop:func(){
+            if(begin!=nil)
+                begin=begin.next;
+            if(begin==nil)
+                end=nil;
+        },
+        front:func(){
+            if(begin!=nil)
+                return begin.elem;
+        },
+        clear:func(){
+            begin=end=nil;
+        },
+        empty:func(){
+            return begin==nil;
+        }
+    };
+}

stl/result.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+import("lib.nas");
+var ResultTrait={
+    Ok:func(val){
+        me.ok=val;
+        me.flag=0;
+        return me;
+    },
+    Err:func(info){
+        me.err=info;
+        me.flag=1;
+        return me;
+    },
+    unwrap:func(){
+        if(me.flag)
+            die(me.err);
+        return me.ok;
+    }
+};
+
+var Result=func(){
+    return{
+        ok:nil,
+        err:"",
+        flag:1,
+        parents:[ResultTrait]
+    };
+};

stl/sort.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# lib sort.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/4/2
+var sort=func(vec,left,right,cmp=func(a,b){return a<=b;})
+{
+    if(left>=right) return nil;
+    var (L,R,tmp)=(left,right,vec[left]);
+    while(left<right)
+    {
+        while(left<right and cmp(tmp,vec[right]))
+            right-=1;
+        while(left<right and cmp(vec[left],tmp))
+            left+=1;
+        if(left!=right)
+            (vec[left],vec[right])=(vec[right],vec[left]);
+    }
+    (vec[L],vec[left])=(vec[left],tmp);
+    sort(vec,L,left-1,cmp);
+    sort(vec,left+1,R,cmp);
+    return nil;
+}

stl/stack.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# lib stack.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var stack=func()
+{
+    var next=nil;
+    return{
+        push:func(elem){
+            next={elem:elem,next:next};
+        },
+        pop:func(){
+            if(next!=nil)
+                next=next.next;
+        },
+        top:func(){
+            if(next!=nil)
+                return next.elem;
+        },
+        clear:func(){
+            next=nil;
+        },
+        empty:func(){
+            return next==nil;
+        }
+    };
+}

test/NasNeuron.nas

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-# NasNeuron lib written by ValKmjolnir
-
-# Basic Class NasMatrix
-# NasMatGen  : generate a new matrix
-# NasMatAdd  : add two matrixes
-# NasMatSub  : sub two matrixes
-# NasMatMul  : multiply two matrix
-# NasMatTrans: transpose a matrix
-# NasMatPrt  : print a matrix
-var NasMatrix=
-{
-    NasMatGen:func(row,col)
-    {
-        var GenMat={Row:row,Col:col,Elem:[]};
-        for(var i=0;i<row;i+=1)
-        {
-            var TmpVec=[];
-            for(var j=0;j<col;j+=1)
-                append(TmpVec,0);
-            append(GenMat.Elem,TmpVec);
-        }
-        return GenMat;
-    },
-    NasMatAdd:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        var ResultMat=nil;
-        if(mat1.Row==mat2.Row and mat1.Col==mat2.Col)
-        {
-            ResultMat=me.NasMatGen(mat1.Row,mat1.Col);
-            for(var i=0;i<ResultMat.Row;i+=1)
-                for(var j=0;j<ResultMat.Col;j+=1)
-                    ResultMat.Elem[i][j]=mat1.Elem[i][j]+mat2.Elem[i][j];
-        }
-        else
-            print("NasNeuron: Mat1 and Mat2 have different rows and cols.");
-        return ResultMat;
-    },
-    NasMatSub:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        var ResultMat=nil;
-        if(mat1.Row==mat2.Row and mat1.Col==mat2.Col)
-        {
-            ResultMat=me.NasMatGen(mat1.Row,mat1.Col);
-            for(var i=0;i<ResultMat.Row;i+=1)
-                for(var j=0;j<ResultMat.Col;j+=1)
-                    ResultMat.Elem[i][j]=mat1.Elem[i][j]-mat2.Elem[i][j];
-        }
-        else
-            print("NasNeuron: Mat1 and Mat2 have different rows and cols.");
-        return ResultMat;
-    },
-    NasMatMul:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        var ResultMat=nil;
-        if(mat1.Col==mat2.Row)
-        {
-            ResultMat=me.NasMatGen(mat1.Row,mat2.Col);
-            for(var i=0;i<ResultMat.Row;i+=1)
-                for(var j=0;j<ResultMat.Col;j+=1)
-                {
-                    var sum=0;
-                    for(var k=0;k<mat1.Col;k+=1)
-                        sum+=mat1.Elem[i][k]*mat2.Elem[k][j];
-                    ResultMat.Elem[i][j]=sum;
-                }  
-        }
-        else
-            print("NasNeuron: Mat1's Col is different from Mat2's Row.");
-        return ResultMat;
-    },
-    NasMatTrans:func(mat)
-    {
-        var ResultMat=nil;
-        ResultMat=me.NasMatGen(mat.Col,mat.Row);
-        for(var i=0;i<ResultMat.Row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<ResultMat.Col;j+=1)
-                ResultMat.Elem[i][j]=mat.Elem[j][i];
-        return ResultMat;
-    },
-    NasMatPrt:func(mat)
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<mat.Row;i+=1)
-        {
-            for(var j=0;j<mat.Col;j+=1)
-                print(mat.Elem[i][j],' ');
-            print('\n');
-        }
-        return nil;
-    }
-};
-
-NasMatrix.NasMatPrt(
-    NasMatrix.NasMatGen(
-        10,100
-        )
-    );

test/ai.nas

@@ -1,335 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-var activate_function=
-{
-    sigmoid_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-x));
-    },
-    diffsigmoid_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t=func(x){return 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-x));}(x);
-        return t*(1-t);
-    },
-    tanh_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t1=math.exp(x);
-        var t2=math.exp(-x);
-        return (t1-t2)/(t1+t2);
-    },
-    difftanh_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t1=math.exp(x);
-        var t2=math.exp(-x);
-        var t=(t1-t2)/(t1+t2);
-        return 1-t*t;
-    },
-    relu_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return x>0? x:0;
-    },
-    diffrelu_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return x>0;
-    },
-    leaky_relu_func:func(k,x)
-    {
-        return x>0? x:k*x;
-    },
-    diffleaky_relu_func:func(k,x)
-    {
-        return x>0? 1:k;
-    }
-};
-
-var matrix=
-{
-    new:func(col,row)
-    {
-        var new_mat=
-        {
-            col:col,
-            row:row,
-            mat:[]
-        };
-        for(var i=0;i<row;i+=1)
-        {
-            append(new_mat.mat,[]);
-            for(var j=0;j<col;j+=1)
-                append(new_mat.mat[i],nil);
-        }
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    srand:func(x)
-    {
-        rand(x);
-        return nil;
-    },
-    rand_init:func(mat)
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<mat.col;j+=1)
-            {
-                if(rand()>0.5)
-                    mat.mat[i][j]=-rand();
-                else
-                    mat.mat[i][j]=rand();
-            }
-        return;
-    },
-    prt_mat:func(mat)
-    {
-        var prt_s='[\n';
-        foreach(var i;mat.mat)
-        {
-            var s='[';
-            foreach(var j;i)
-                s~=(j~',');
-            s~='],\n';
-            prt_s~=s;
-        }
-        prt_s~=']';
-        print(prt_s);
-        return nil;
-    },
-    mult_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-mult] mat1\'s col does not match mat2\'s row.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat2.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-            {
-                var sum=0;
-                for(var k=0;k<mat1.col;k+=1)
-                    sum+=mat1.mat[i][k]*mat2.mat[k][j];
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=sum;
-            }
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    add_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-add] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]+mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    sub_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-sub] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]-mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    hadamard:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-hadamard] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]*mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    transpose:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.row,mat.col);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat.mat[j][i];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    sigmoid:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.sigmoid_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffsigmoid:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffsigmoid_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    tanh:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.tanh_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    difftanh:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.difftanh_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    relu:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.relu_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffrelu:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffrelu_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    leaky_relu:func(k,mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.leaky_relu_func(k,mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffleaky_relu:func(k,mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffleaky_relu_func(k,mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    }
-};
-
-var bp=
-{
-    inum:2,
-    hnum:4,
-    onum:1,
-    learning_rate:nil,
-    hidden_layer:nil,
-    hidden_res:nil,
-    output_layer:nil,
-    output_res:nil,
-    result:nil,
-    training_set:[],
-    expect_set:[],
-    init:func()
-    {
-        matrix.srand(time(0));
-        me.hidden_layer=matrix.new(me.hnum,me.inum);
-        matrix.rand_init(me.hidden_layer);
-        me.output_layer=matrix.new(me.onum,me.hnum);
-        matrix.rand_init(me.output_layer);
-        return;
-    },
-    set_learning_rate:func(lr)
-    {
-        me.learning_rate=matrix.new(me.onum,1);
-        for(var i=0;i<me.onum;i+=1)
-            me.learning_rate.mat[i][0]=lr;
-        return;
-    },
-    set_training_set:func()
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            append(me.training_set,matrix.new(me.inum,1));
-        me.training_set[0].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.training_set[0].mat[0][1]=0;
-        me.training_set[1].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.training_set[1].mat[0][1]=1;
-        me.training_set[2].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.training_set[2].mat[0][1]=0;
-        me.training_set[3].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.training_set[3].mat[0][1]=1;
-        return;
-    },
-    set_expect_set:func()
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            append(me.expect_set,matrix.new(me.onum,1))
-        me.expect_set[0].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.expect_set[1].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.expect_set[2].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.expect_set[3].mat[0][0]=0;
-        return;
-    },
-    forward:func(i)
-    {
-        var tmp=nil;
-        me.hidden_res=matrix.mult_mat(me.training_set[i],me.hidden_layer);
-        tmp=matrix.sigmoid(me.hidden_res);
-        me.output_res=matrix.mult_mat(tmp,me.output_layer);
-        tmp=matrix.sigmoid(me.output_res);
-        me.result=tmp;
-        return;
-    },
-    backward:func(i)
-    {
-        var output_diff=matrix.sub_mat(me.expect_set[i],me.result);
-        output_diff=matrix.hadamard(output_diff,me.learning_rate);
-        output_diff=matrix.hadamard(output_diff,matrix.diffsigmoid(me.output_res));
-        output_diff=matrix.mult_mat(output_diff,matrix.transpose(me.output_layer));
-        matrix.prt_mat(output_diff);
-        var hidden_diff=matrix.mult_mat();
-        matrix.prt_mat(hidden_diff);
-
-        output_layer=matrix.add_mat(output_layer,output_diff);
-        var error=0;
-        foreach(var i;tmp.mat[0])
-            error+=i;
-        error*=0.5;
-        return error;
-    },
-    training_process:func()
-    {
-        var cnt=0;
-        var error=1e8;
-        while(error>0.01)
-        {
-            error=0;
-            for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            {
-                me.forward(i);
-                error+=me.backward(i);
-            }
-            print(error);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-};
-var main=func()
-{
-    bp.init();
-    bp.set_learning_rate(0.1);
-    bp.set_training_set();
-    bp.set_expect_set();
-    bp.training_process();
-    return nil;
-}
-
-# var (a,b,c)=[1,2,3];
-# (a,b,c)=(b,c,a);
-# print(a,b,c);
-main();

test/ascii-art.nas

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ var char_ttf=[
     ["    ████╗","   ██╔██║","  ██╔╝██║"," ███████║","██╔═══██║","╚═╝   ╚═╝"],
     ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██████╔╝","██╔══██╗","██████╔╝","╚═════╝ "],
     [" ██████╗","██╔════╝","██║     ","██║     ","╚██████╗"," ╚═════╝"],
-    ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██║  ██║","██║  ██║","██████╔╝","╚═════╝  "],
+    ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██║  ██║","██║  ██║","██████╔╝","╚═════╝ "],
     ["███████╗","██╔════╝","█████╗  ","██╔══╝  ","███████╗","╚══════╝"],
     ["███████╗","██╔════╝","█████╗  ","██╔══╝  ","██║     ","╚═╝     "],
     [" █████╗ ","██╔═══╝ ","██║ ██╗ ","██║ ╚██╗","╚█████╔╝"," ╚════╝ "],
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var trans_ttf=func(string)
                 str[j]~=char_ttf[0][j];
     }
     foreach(var i;str)
-        print(i);
+        println(i);
     return;
 }
 var curve1=func()
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ var curve1=func()
     var shadow=["░","▒","▓","█","▀","▄","▐","▌"];
     rand(100);
     var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
+    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
     {
-        for(var j=0;j<100;j+=1)
+        for(var j=0;j<40;j+=1)
             s~=shadow[int(8*rand())];
         s~='\n';
     }
@@ -66,28 +66,15 @@ var curve2=func()
     var table=["╚","═","╝","╔","║","╗"];
     rand(100);
     var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
+    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
     {
-        for(var j=0;j<100;j+=1)
+        for(var j=0;j<40;j+=1)
             s~=table[int(6*rand())];
         s~='\n';
     }
     print(s);
 }
 var curve3=func()
-{
-    var block=["░░","▒▒","▓▓","██","▀▀","▄▄","▄▀","▀▄","▐▐","▌▌"];
-    rand(100);
-    var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
-    {
-        for(var j=0;j<50;j+=1)
-            s~=block[int(10*rand())];
-        s~='\n';
-    }
-    print(s);
-}
-var curve4=func()
 {
     var s=["","","","","",""];
     var cnt=0;
@@ -100,7 +87,7 @@ var curve4=func()
         {
             forindex(var i;s)
             {
-                print(s[i]);
+                println(s[i]);
                 s[i]='';
             }
             cnt=0;
@@ -108,12 +95,12 @@ var curve4=func()
     }
     return;
 }
-var curve5=func()
+var curve4=func()
 {
-    for(var loop=0;loop<100;loop+=1)
+    var arr=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
+    for(var loop=0;loop<10;loop+=1)
     {
-        var arr=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
-        for(var i=17;i>=0;i-=1)
+        for(var i=26;i>=0;i-=1)
         {
             var rand_index=int(i*rand());
             (arr[i],arr[rand_index])=(arr[rand_index],arr[i]);
@@ -123,13 +110,13 @@ var curve5=func()
         var s="";
         for(var i=0;i<size(arr);i+=1)
                 s~=shadow[arr[i]];
-            print(s);
+        println(s);
     }
     return;
 }
 trans_ttf("just for test");
+trans_ttf(" ValKmjolnir ");
 curve1();
 curve2();
 curve3();
-curve4();
-curve5();
+curve4();

test/auto_crash.nas

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-# Road check and auto pilot(??) by ValKmjolnir
-
+# Road check and auto pilot by ValKmjolnir
+import("lib.nas");
+import("props.nas");
+var dt=0.01;
+var intergral=0;
+var derivative=0;
+var previous_error=0;
 var position_change = func(position_val,value){
     if(position_val+value>180)
         position_val += value-360;
@@ -10,12 +15,11 @@ var position_change = func(position_val,value){
     return position_val;
 }
 var road_check_func = func(){
-    
+
     var lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue();
     var lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue();
     var position_info = geodinfo(lat,lon);
     var position_names = position_info[1].names;
-    # the friction_factor of freeway runway and road is 1
 
     if((position_names[0]=="Freeway") or (position_names[0]=="Road"))
     {
@@ -24,14 +28,14 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
         var lon_change  = 0;
         var left_range  = 0;
         var right_range = 0;
-        
+
         for(var i=0;i>-0.00005;i-=0.000001)
         {
             car_heading = props.getNode("/orientation/heading-deg",1).getValue();
-            lat_change  = math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon_change  = -math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
+            lat_change  = math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon_change  = -math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
             var other_position_info = geodinfo(position_change(lat,i*lat_change),position_change(lon,i*lon_change));
             var other_names = other_position_info[1].names;
             if((other_names[0]=="Freeway") or (other_names[0]=="Road"))
@@ -42,10 +46,10 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
         for(var i=0;i<0.00005;i+=0.000001)
         {
             car_heading = props.getNode("/orientation/heading-deg",1).getValue();
-            lat_change  = math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon_change  = -math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
+            lat_change  = math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon_change  = -math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
             var other_position_info = geodinfo(position_change(lat,i*lat_change),position_change(lon,i*lon_change));
             var other_names = other_position_info[1].names;
             if((other_names[0]=="Freeway") or (other_names[0]=="Road"))
@@ -53,25 +57,26 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
             else
                 break;
         }
-        #if(left_range>right_range)
-        #{
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",-(right_range-left_range)*(right_range-left_range)/10000);
-        #    print("right ",right_range);
-        #}
-        #else if(left_range<right_range)
-        #{
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",(right_range-left_range)*(right_range-left_range)/10000);
-        #    print("left ",left_range);
-        #}
-        #else
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",0);
-        props.getNode("/controls/flight/rudder",1).setValue((right_range-left_range)/200);
+        var error=right_range-left_range;
+        intergral+=error*dt;
+        derivative=(error-previous_error)/dt;
+        var (Kp,Ki,Kd)=(1/900,0.05,0.005);
+        # print("change p ",Kp*error*error,' i ',Ki*intergral,' d ',Kd*derivative);
+        if(error<0)
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",-Kp*error*error+Ki*intergral+Kd*derivative);
+        else if(error>0)
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",Kp*error*error+Ki*intergral+Kd*derivative);
+        else
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",0);
+        previous_error=error;
     }
 };
-var road_check_timer = maketimer(0.1,road_check_func);
+
+var road_check_timer = maketimer(0.01,road_check_func);
 var toggle_auto_pilot = func(){
     if(!road_check_timer.isRunning)
     {
+        intergral=0;
         road_check_timer.start();
         props.getNode("/sim/messages/copilot",1).setValue("ze dong sheng teaan see tong yee tse yung. Auto Sheng Teaan System Activated!");
     }
@@ -80,4 +85,4 @@ var toggle_auto_pilot = func(){
         road_check_timer.stop();
         props.getNode("/sim/messages/copilot",1).setValue("ze dong sheng teaan see tong yee guan bee. Auto Sheng Teaan System is off.");
     }
-}
+}

test/bf.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var mandelbrot=
+"[A mandelbrot set fractal viewer in brainf*** written by Erik Bosman]
++++++++++++++[->++>>>+++++>++>+<<<<<<]>>>>>++++++>--->>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-]>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+
+<<<<<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+[>>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-]>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>
+>>>>>[-]+<<<<<<++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<+++++++[-[->>>
+>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[
+>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[
+-<<+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>
+>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+
+<<<<<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<
++>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<
+<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->
+>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<[->+>>>-<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++++++
++++++++>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>[<<<<<<<+<[-<+>>>>+<<[-]]>[-<<[->+>>>-
+<<<<]>>>]>>>>>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-<<<<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-
+]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+>>]<
+<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>
+>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>
+[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>
+]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>++++++++
++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[
+-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>>]>[-<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>]<[->+<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>[-]<<<<<<+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<
+[->>>>->>>>>[>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]
++>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<
+<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>>+<<<<]>]<[->>>>-<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>>+<<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>+<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
++>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<<<<<<
+<<<<<]]>[-]>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<
+<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[
+[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>
+[-<<+>>]<<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<
+<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[
+>[-]<->>>[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[
+>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<
+<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<
+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-
+<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>>>
+[-<<<->>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>[-<<
++>>]<]>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<<<]>>[-<+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>
+[-<<+>>]<<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[-<+>]>]<[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>
+>>>>>>>]<<]>>>[-<<+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[-<+>]<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>+<<<<<
+]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>
+>]>>[-<<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>>]<<[->>+<<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<
+<<<]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>->>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<
+<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<
+<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<
+<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+
+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]>]<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>+<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>
+>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[
+->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>
+>>]<<<<[->>>>+>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<
+<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<+
+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>
+]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<
+<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<+>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+
+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<<<<]
+>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<
+]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<
+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>->>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>]<<+>>>>[-<<<<
+->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<.>>]>>>>[-<<<<<<<.>>>>>>>]<<<[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>[
+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>+++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+[-]>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-]+>>>]<<<<
+<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+>>[>+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]<<<<[->>>
+>+<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<+<<<<<<<[>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<
++<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>-<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>->>[>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]+<<<<<[->>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<
+<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>-<<[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<
+<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>-<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]]>>>]<<<<.>>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<
+<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+[-]>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+>>]<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+>[>+>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>
+>>]<+<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<-
+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>-<<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>->[>>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>
++>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<<->>>>>>]+<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>
+-<<[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<++++
++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>-<<<<<<[<<<<
+<<<<<]]>>>]";
+
+var paper=[];
+var (ptr,pc)=(0,0);
+var (code,inum,stack)=([],[],[]);
+var (add,mov,jt,jf,in,out)=(0,1,2,3,4,5);
+
+var bf=func(program){
+    setsize(paper,131072);
+    var len=size(program);
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1){
+        var c=chr(program[i]);
+        if(c=='+' or c=='-'){
+            append(code,add);
+            append(inum,0);
+            for(;i<len;i+=1){
+                if(chr(program[i])=='+')
+                    inum[-1]+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='-')
+                    inum[-1]-=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])!='\n'){
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        elsif(c=='<' or c=='>'){
+            append(code,mov);
+            append(inum,0);
+            for(;i<len;i+=1){
+                if(chr(program[i])=='>')
+                    inum[-1]+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='<')
+                    inum[-1]-=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])!='\n'){
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        elsif(c==','){
+            append(code,in);
+            append(inum,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c=='.'){
+            append(code,out);
+            append(inum,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c=='['){
+            append(code,jf);
+            append(inum,0);
+            append(stack,size(code)-1);
+        }
+        elsif(c==']'){
+            if(!size(stack))
+                die("lack [");
+            var label=pop(stack);
+            append(code,jt);
+            append(inum,label-1);
+            inum[label]=size(code)-2;
+        }
+    }
+    if(size(stack)){
+        die("lack ]");
+        return;
+    }
+    len=size(code);
+    for(pc=0;pc<len;pc+=1){
+        var c=code[pc];
+        if(c==add)   paper[ptr]+=inum[pc];
+        elsif(c==mov)ptr+=inum[pc];
+        elsif(c==jt){if(paper[ptr])pc=inum[pc];}
+        elsif(c==jf){if(!paper[ptr])pc=inum[pc];}
+        elsif(c==in) paper[ptr]=input()[0];
+        else         print(chr(paper[ptr]));
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+bf(mandelbrot);

test/bfconvertor.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var mandelbrot=
+"[A mandelbrot set fractal viewer in brainf*** written by Erik Bosman]
++++++++++++++[->++>>>+++++>++>+<<<<<<]>>>>>++++++>--->>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-]>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+
+<<<<<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+[>>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-]>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>
+>>>>>[-]+<<<<<<++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<+++++++[-[->>>
+>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[
+>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[
+-<<+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>
+>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+
+<<<<<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<
++>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<
+<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->
+>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<[->+>>>-<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++++++
++++++++>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>[<<<<<<<+<[-<+>>>>+<<[-]]>[-<<[->+>>>-
+<<<<]>>>]>>>>>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-<<<<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-
+]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+>>]<
+<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>
+>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>
+[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>
+]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>++++++++
++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[
+-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>>]>[-<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>]<[->+<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>[-]<<<<<<+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<
+[->>>>->>>>>[>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]
++>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<
+<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>>+<<<<]>]<[->>>>-<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>>+<<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>+<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
++>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<<<<<<
+<<<<<]]>[-]>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<
+<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[
+[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>
+[-<<+>>]<<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<
+<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[
+>[-]<->>>[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[
+>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<
+<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<
+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-
+<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>>>
+[-<<<->>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>[-<<
++>>]<]>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<<<]>>[-<+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>
+[-<<+>>]<<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[-<+>]>]<[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>
+>>>>>>>]<<]>>>[-<<+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[-<+>]<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>+<<<<<
+]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>
+>]>>[-<<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>>]<<[->>+<<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<
+<<<]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>->>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<
+<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<
+<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<
+<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+
+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]>]<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>+<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>
+>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[
+->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>
+>>]<<<<[->>>>+>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<
+<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<+
+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>
+]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<
+<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<+>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+
+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<<<<]
+>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<
+]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<
+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>->>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>]<<+>>>>[-<<<<
+->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<.>>]>>>>[-<<<<<<<.>>>>>>>]<<<[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>[
+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>+++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+[-]>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-]+>>>]<<<<
+<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+>>[>+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]<<<<[->>>
+>+<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<+<<<<<<<[>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<
++<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>-<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>->>[>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]+<<<<<[->>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<
+<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>-<<[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<
+<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>-<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]]>>>]<<<<.>>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<
+<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+[-]>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+>>]<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+>[>+>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>
+>>]<+<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<-
+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>-<<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>->[>>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>
++>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<<->>>>>>]+<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>
+-<<[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<++++
++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>-<<<<<<[<<<<
+<<<<<]]>>>]";
+
+var bf=func(program)
+{
+    var stack=[];
+    var len=size(program);
+    var f="import('lib.nas');\nvar ptr=0;\nvar paper=[];\nsetsize(paper,131072);\n";
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+    {
+        var c=chr(program[i]);
+        if(c=='+' or c=='-')
+        {
+            var cnt=0;
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='+')
+                    cnt+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='-')
+                    cnt-=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])!='\n')
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if(cnt!=0)
+                for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                    f~='\t';
+            if(cnt>0)
+                f~="paper[ptr]+="~cnt~";\n";
+            elsif(cnt<0)
+                f~="paper[ptr]-="~(-cnt)~";\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='<' or c=='>')
+        {
+            var cnt=0;
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='>')
+                    cnt+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='<')
+                    cnt-=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])!='\n')
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if(cnt!=0)
+                for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                    f~='\t';
+            if(cnt>0)
+                f~="ptr+="~cnt~";\n";
+            elsif(cnt<0)
+                f~="ptr-="~(-cnt)~";\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c==',')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="paper[ptr]=input();\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='.')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="print(chr(paper[ptr]));\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='[')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="while(paper[ptr])\n";
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="{\n";
+            append(stack,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c==']')
+        {
+            if(!size(stack))
+            {
+                println("lack [");
+                return;
+            }
+            pop(stack);
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="}\n";
+        }
+    }
+    if(size(stack))
+    {
+        println("lack ]");
+        return;
+    }
+    io.fout("mandel.nas",f);
+    return;
+}
+
+bf(mandelbrot);

test/bfs.nas

@@ -1,65 +1,66 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-import("queue.nas");
+import("stl/lib.nas");
+import("stl/queue.nas");
 
 rand(time(0));
 
+var pixel=[' ','#','.','*'];
 var map=[];
 for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
 {
     append(map,[]);
-    for(var j=0;j<10;j+=1)
+    for(var j=0;j<20;j+=1)
         append(map[i],(rand()>0.7));
 }
 
 var prt=func()
 {
-    var s="";
+    if(os.platform()=="windows")
+        system("cls");
+    else
+        system("clear");
+    var s="+--------------------+\n";
     for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
     {
-        for(var j=0;j<10;j+=1)
-            s~=map[i][j];
-        s~='\n';
+        s~="|";
+        for(var j=0;j<20;j+=1)
+            s~=pixel[map[i][j]];
+        s~='|\n';
     }
+    s~='+--------------------+\n';
     print(s);
 }
 
 var bfs=func(begin,end)
 {
     var move=[[1,0],[0,1],[-1,0],[0,-1]];
-    var queue=new_queue();
-    queue_push(queue,begin);
-    map[begin[0]][begin[1]]=3;
-    while(!queue_empty(queue))
+    var que=queue();
+    que.push(begin);
+    map[begin[0]][begin[1]]=2;
+    map[end[0]][end[1]]=0;
+    while(!que.empty())
     {
-        var vertex=queue_front(queue);
-        queue_pop(queue);
+        var vertex=que.front();
+        que.pop();
         foreach(var i;move)
         {
             var x=vertex[0]+i[0];
             var y=vertex[1]+i[1];
             if(x==end[0] and y==end[1])
             {
-                map[x][y]='*';
+                map[x][y]=3;
+                prt();
                 return;
             }
-            if(0<=x and x<10 and 0<=y and y<10 and map[x][y]==0)
+            if(0<=x and x<10 and 0<=y and y<20 and map[x][y]==0)
             {
-                queue_push(queue,[x,y]);
-                map[x][y]=3;
+                que.push([x,y]);
+                map[x][y]=2;
             }
         }
         prt();
     }
-    print("cannot reach.");
+    print("cannot reach.\n");
     return;
 }
 
-prt();
-var x=num(input());
-var y=num(input());
-var begin=[x,y];
-x=num(input());
-y=num(input());
-var end=[x,y];
-bfs(begin,end);
-prt();
+bfs([0,0],[9,19]);

test/bigloop.nas

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+for(var i=0;i<4e6;i+=1);

test/bp.nas

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ rand(time(0));
 
 var new_neuron=func()
 {
-    var neuron={
+    return {
         in:0,
         out:0,
         w:[],
         bia:0,
         diff:0
     };
-    return neuron;
 }
 
 var sigmoid=func(x)
@@ -24,12 +23,9 @@ var diffsigmoid=func(x)
     return x*(1-x);
 }
 
-var inum=2;
-var hnum=4;
-var onum=1;
-var lr=0.1;
+var (inum,hnum,onum,lr)=(2,4,1,0.1);
 var training_set=[[0,0],[0,1],[1,0],[1,1]];
-var expect=[[0],[1],[1],[0]];
+var expect=[0,1,1,0];
 
 var hidden=[];
 for(var i=0;i<hnum;i+=1)
@@ -89,19 +85,12 @@ var run=func(vec)
 }
 var get_error=func(x)
 {
-    var error=0;
-    var expect_set=expect[x];
-    for(var i=0;i<onum;i+=1)
-        error+=(expect_set[i]-output[i].out)*(expect_set[i]-output[i].out);
-    error*=0.5;
-    return error;
+    return 0.5*(expect[x]-output[0].out)*(expect[x]-output[0].out);
 }
 var backward=func(x)
 {
     var input=training_set[x];
-    var expect_set=expect[x];
-    for(var i=0;i<onum;i+=1)
-        output[i].diff=(expect_set[i]-output[i].out)*diffsigmoid(output[i].in);
+    output[0].diff=(expect[x]-output[0].out)*diffsigmoid(output[0].in);
     for(var i=0;i<hnum;i+=1)
     {
         hidden[i].diff=0;
@@ -124,9 +113,8 @@ var backward=func(x)
     return;
 }
 
-var cnt=0;
-var error=1e8;
-while(error>0.01)
+var (cnt,error)=(0,100);
+while(error>0.0005)
 {
     error=0;
     for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
@@ -136,18 +124,10 @@ while(error>0.01)
         backward(i);
     }
     cnt+=1;
-    print('epoch ',cnt,':',error);
 }
-print('\afinished.');
-while(1)
+print('finished after ',cnt,' epoch.\n');
+foreach(var v;training_set)
 {
-    var vec=[];
-    var command=input();
-    if(command=="exit")break;
-    append(vec,num(command));
-    command=input();
-    if(command=="exit")break;
-    append(vec,num(command));
-    run(vec);
-    print(output[0].out);
+    run(v);
+    print(v,': ',output[0].out,'\n');
 }

test/calc.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var source=[
+    "main.cpp              ",
+    "nasal_err.h           ",
+    "nasal_ast.h           ",
+    "nasal_builtin.h       ",
+    "nasal_codegen.h       ",
+    "nasal_opt.h           ",
+    "nasal_gc.h            ",
+    "nasal_import.h        ",
+    "nasal_lexer.h         ",
+    "nasal_parse.h         ",
+    "nasal_vm.h            ",
+    "nasal_dbg.h           ",
+    "nasal.h               "
+];
+
+var lib=[
+    "stl/lib.nas           ",
+    "stl/list.nas          ",
+    "stl/queue.nas         ",
+    "stl/result.nas        ",
+    "stl/sort.nas          ",
+    "stl/stack.nas         "
+];
+
+var testfile=[
+    "test/ascii-art.nas    ",
+    "test/auto_crash.nas   ",
+    "test/bf.nas           ",
+    "test/bfconvertor.nas  ",
+    "test/bfs.nas          ",
+    "test/bigloop.nas      ",
+    "test/bp.nas           ",
+    "test/calc.nas         ",
+    "test/choice.nas       ",
+    "test/class.nas        ",
+    "test/exception.nas    ",
+    "test/fib.nas          ",
+    "test/filesystem.nas   ",
+    "test/hexdump.nas      ",
+    "test/json.nas         ",
+    "test/leetcode1319.nas ",
+    "test/lexer.nas        ",
+    "test/life.nas         ",
+    "test/loop.nas         ",
+    "test/mandel.nas       ",
+    "test/mandelbrot.nas   ",
+    "test/module_test.nas  ",
+    "test/nasal_test.nas   ",
+    "test/pi.nas           ",
+    "test/prime.nas        ",
+    "test/props.nas        ",
+    "test/quick_sort.nas   ",
+    "test/scalar.nas       ",
+    "test/trait.nas        ",
+    "test/turingmachine.nas",
+    "test/ycombinator.nas  "
+];
+
+var module=[
+    "module/fib.cpp        "
+];
+
+var getname=func(s){
+    var (len,ch)=(size(s),' '[0]);
+    for(var i=0;i<len and s[i]!=ch;i+=1);
+    return substr(s,0,i);
+}
+
+var count=func(s,c){
+    var (cnt,len,ch)=(0,size(s),c[0]);
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+        cnt+=(s[i]==ch);
+    return cnt;
+}
+
+var calc=func(codetype,files){
+    println(codetype);
+    var (bytes,line,semi,line_cnt,semi_cnt)=(0,0,0,0,0);
+    forindex(var i;files){
+        var s=io.fin(getname(files[i]));
+        (line_cnt,semi_cnt)=(count(s,'\n'),count(s,';'));
+        println(files[i],'| ',line_cnt,' \tline | ',semi_cnt,' \tsemi');
+        bytes+=size(s);
+        line+=line_cnt;
+        semi+=semi_cnt;
+    }
+    println('total:                | ',line,' \tline | ',semi,' \tsemi');
+    println('bytes:                | ',bytes,'\tbytes| ',int(bytes/1024),' \tkb');
+}
+
+calc("source code:",source);
+calc("lib:",lib);
+calc("test file:",testfile);
+calc("module:",module);

test/call_ide.nas

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-id[0] and id[1];
-1 or 2;
-"str" ==1;
-1*1/1+1;
-2*3*4/1-2+3;
-1-1+20-2*10;
-1+s1*(s2+s3[0])-1;
-var e=1+s1*(s2+s3[0])-1;
-id;
-"str";
-id(id);
-id("str",1,1);
-var e=1;
-var x=10*2-20;
-var id;
-var id=[1,2,3,4];
-var id={id:"str"};
-id();
-id.id();
-id.id.id();
-id[0].id.id(id,"str",1,2,3,4).id[10];
-id(0)[1].id;
-var hash={
-   h:"hello",
-   parent:[id],
-};
-function_test([1,2,3,4,55],1,2,3,{str:"str"});
-var (i,j,k,l,m,n) =[1,2,3,4,5,6];
-(var i,j,k)=[1,2,3];
-e=e[1:][0];

test/choice.nas

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-
+import("lib.nas");
 var condition_true=1;
 var condition_false=0;
 if(condition_true)

test/choose.nas

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-if(this_token.type==__if)
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-elsif(this_token.type==__elsif)
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-else if(this_token.type!=__else)
-{
-    exit(0);
-}
-elsif(this_token.type==__elsif)
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-elsif(this_token.type==__elsif)
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-else if(this==(1+2+3*1))
-{
-    return nil;
-}
-else
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-
-if(!id)
-{
-    exit(0);
-}

test/class.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var student=func(n,a){
+    return {
+        print_info:func println(n,' ',a),
+        set_age:   func(age) a=age,
+        get_age:   func return a,
+        set_name:  func(name) n=name,
+        get_name:  func return n
+    };
+}
+var s=student('valk',24);
+s.print_info();
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+s.set_age(20);
+s.set_name('aluo');
+s.print_info();
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+s.set_age(20);
+s.set_name('Sidi Liang');
+s.print_info();
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+# flightgear nasal-console cannot use this kind of object initializing
+var m=func(){
+    var (_1,_2)=(0,1);
+    return {
+        a:func(){
+            print(_1,' ',_2,'\n');
+        },
+        b:func(x){
+            _1=x;
+        },
+        c:func(x){
+            _2=x;
+        },
+        d:func(x){
+            return func{
+                print(_1,' ',_2,' ',x,'\n');
+            };
+        },
+        g:func(x){
+            var y=x;
+            return func{
+                print(_1,' ',_2,' ',x,' ',y,'\n');
+            }
+        },
+        h:func(){
+            return func(x){
+                _1=x;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}();
+
+m.a(); # 0 1
+m.b(2048);
+m.c(1024);
+var a=m.d(-1);
+var b=m.g(1);
+a(); # 2048 1024 -1
+b(); # 2048 1024 1 1
+
+m.h()(2147483647);
+m.a();# 2147483647 1024

test/exception.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var ResultTrait={
+    Ok:func(val){
+        me.ok=val;
+        me.flag=0;
+        return me;
+    },
+    Err:func(info){
+        me.err=info;
+        me.flag=1;
+        return me;
+    },
+    unwrap:func(){
+        if(me.flag)
+            die(me.err);
+        return me.ok;
+    }
+};
+
+var Result=func(){
+    return{
+        ok:nil,
+        err:"",
+        flag:1,
+        parents:[ResultTrait]
+    };
+};
+
+var a=func(){
+    return Result().Ok("hello world");
+}
+
+var b=func(){
+    return Result().Err("exception test");
+}
+
+println(a().unwrap());
+b().unwrap();

test/fib.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var fib=func(x)
+{
+	if(x<2) return x;
+	return fib(x-1)+fib(x-2);
+}
+for(var i=0;i<31;i+=1)
+	print(fib(i),'\n');
+    

test/filesystem.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var fd=io.open("test/filesystem.nas");
+while((var line=io.readln(fd))!=nil)
+    println(line);
+io.close(fd);
+println(io.stat("test/filesystem.nas"));
+
+var dd=unix.opendir("test");
+while(var name=unix.readdir(dd))
+    println(name);
+unix.closedir(dd);
+
+var files=func(dir){
+    var dd=unix.opendir(dir);
+    var res=[];
+    while(var n=unix.readdir(dd))
+        append(res,n);
+    unix.closedir(dd);
+    return res;
+}
+var prt=func(s,path){
+    foreach(var i;files(path)){
+        print(s,i);
+        if(unix.isdir(path~'/'~i)){
+            print(' <dir>\n');
+            if(i!='.' and i!='..')
+                prt(s~' |',path~'/'~i);
+        }
+        elsif(unix.isfile(path~'/'~i))
+            print(" <file>\n");
+        else
+            print(' <unknown>\n');
+    }
+}
+prt('',".");

test/final.nas

@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-var smartScreen = canvas.new({
-  "name": "smartScreen",   # The name is optional but allow for easier identification
-  "size": [2048, 2048], # Size of the underlying texture (should be a power of 2, required) [Resolution]
-  "view": [768, 768],  # Virtual resolution (Defines the coordinate system of the canvas [Dimensions]
-                        # which will be stretched the size of the texture, required)
-  "mipmapping": 1       # Enable mipmapping (optional)
-});
-
-smartScreen.addPlacement({"node": "screen", "texture": "screen.jpeg"});
-var group = smartScreen.createGroup();
-
-# Create a text element and set some values
-var text = group.createChild("text", "optional-id-for element")
-          .setTranslation(10, 20)      # The origin is in the top left corner
-          .setAlignment("left-center") # All values from osgText are supported (see $FG_ROOT/Docs/README.osgtext)
-          .setFont("LiberationFonts/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf") # Fonts are loaded either from $AIRCRAFT_DIR/Fonts or $FG_ROOT/Fonts
-          .setFontSize(14, 1.2)        # Set fontsize and optionally character aspect ratio
-          .setColor(1,0,0)             # Text color
-          .setText("This is a text element");
-text.hide();
-text.setText("SELF TEST NORMAL").show();
-
-
-
-var ui_root = smartScreen.createGroup();
-var vbox = canvas.VBoxLayout.new();
-smartScreen.setLayout(vbox);
-
-
-var button_onl = canvas.gui.widgets.Button.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {}).setText("Online OSM").listen("clicked", func showOnlineMap());
-var button_offl = canvas.gui.widgets.Button.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {}).setText("Offline OSM").listen("clicked", func showOfflineMap());
-button_onl.setSizeHint([32, 128]);
-button_offl.setSizeHint([32, 128]);
-
-var label = canvas.gui.widgets.Label.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {});
-
-var button_box = canvas.HBoxLayout.new();
-button_box.addItem(button_onl);
-button_box.addItem(button_offl);
-button_box.addItem(label);
-button_box.addStretch(1);
-
-vbox.addItem(button_box);
-vbox.addStretch(1);
-
-
-var showOnlineMap = func(){
-  TestMap.show();
-  g.hide();
-  label.setText("Online Mode");
-}
-
-
-var showOfflineMap = func(){
-  TestMap.hide();
-  g.show();
-  label.setText("Offline Mode");
-}
-
-
-# Online Map using MapStructure
-var TestMap = smartScreen.createGroup().createChild("map");
-TestMap.setTranslation(smartScreen.get("view[0]")/2,smartScreen.get("view[1]")/2);
-
-
-var ctrl_ns = canvas.Map.Controller.get("Aircraft position");
-var source = ctrl_ns.SOURCES["map-dialog"];
-if (source == nil) {
-  # TODO: amend
-  var source = ctrl_ns.SOURCES["map-dialog"] = {
-    getPosition: func subvec(geo.aircraft_position().latlon(), 0, 2),# ? ? ?
-    getAltitude: func getprop('/position/altitude-ft'),
-    getHeading:  func {
-      if (me.aircraft_heading)
-        getprop('/orientation/heading-deg');
-      else
-        0;
-    },
-    aircraft_heading: 1,
-  };
-}
-setlistener("/sim/gui/dialogs/map-canvas/aircraft-heading-up", func(n){source.aircraft_heading = n.getBoolValue();}, 1);
-TestMap.setController("Aircraft position", "map-dialog");
-TestMap.setRange(1); 
-
-var r = func(name,vis=1,zindex=nil){return caller(0)[0];};
-# TODO: we'll need some z-indexing here, right now it's just random
-
-foreach(var type; [r('APS')] ){
-    TestMap.addLayer(factory: canvas.SymbolLayer, type_arg: type.name, visible: type.vis, priority: 2);
-}
-
-foreach(var type; [ r('OSM')]) {
-    TestMap.addLayer(factory: canvas.OverlayLayer,
-                    type_arg: type.name,
-                     visible: type.vis,
-                    priority: 1);
-}
-
-
-TestMap.hide();
-
-# Offline map
-
-var g = smartScreen.createGroup();
-var zoom = 15;
-var type = "intl";
-var tile_size = 256;
-
-
-var changeZoom = func(d)
-{
-  zoom = math.max(2, math.min(19, zoom + d));
-  updateTiles();
-}
-
-# http://polymaps.org/docs/
-# https://github.com/simplegeo/polymaps
-# https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet
-
-var maps_base = getprop("/sim/fg-home") ~ '/cache/maps';
-
-var makePath =
-string.compileTemplate(maps_base ~ '/osm-{type}/{z}/{x}/{y}.jpg');
-var num_tiles = [4, 4];
-
-var center_tile_offset = [(num_tiles[0]-1)/2, (num_tiles[1]-1)/ 2];
-
-# simple aircraft icon at current position/center of the map
-g.createChild("path")
-  .moveTo( tile_size*center_tile_offset[0]-10, tile_size*center_tile_offset[1])
-  .horiz(20)
-  .move(-10,-10)
-  .vert(20)
-  .set("stroke", "red")
-  .set("stroke-width", 2)
-  .set("z-index", 1);
-
-# initialize the map by setting up
-# a grid of raster images  
-
-var tiles = setsize([], num_tiles[0]);
-for(var x=0; x<num_tiles[0]; x+=1)
-{
-  tiles[x] = setsize([], num_tiles[1]);
-  for(var y=0; y<num_tiles[1]; y+=1)
-    tiles[x][y] = g.createChild("image", "map-tile");
-}
-
-var last_tile = [-1,-1];
-var last_type = type;
-
-# this is the callback that will be regularly called by the timer
-# to update the map
-var updateTiles = func()
-{
-  # get current position
-  var lat = getprop('/position/latitude-deg');
-  var lon = getprop('/position/longitude-deg');
-
-  var n = math.pow(2, zoom);
-  var offset = [n*((lon+180)/360)-center_tile_offset[0], (1-math.ln(math.tan(lat*math.pi/180)+1/math.cos(lat*math.pi/180))/math.pi)/2*n-center_tile_offset[1]];
-  var tile_index = [int(offset[0]), int(offset[1])];
-
-  var ox = tile_index[0] - offset[0];
-  var oy = tile_index[1] - offset[1];
-
-  for(var x = 0; x < num_tiles[0]; x += 1)
-    for(var y = 0; y < num_tiles[1]; y += 1)
-      tiles[x][y].setTranslation(int((ox + x) * tile_size + 0.5), int((oy + y) * tile_size + 0.5));
-
-  if(  tile_index[0] != last_tile[0]
-    or tile_index[1] != last_tile[1]
-    or type != last_type )
-  {
-    for(var x = 0; x < num_tiles[0]; x += 1)
-      for(var y = 0; y < num_tiles[1]; y += 1)
-      {
-        var pos = {
-          z: zoom,
-          x: int(offset[0] + x),
-          y: int(offset[1] + y),
-          type: type
-        };
-
-        (func {
-            var img_path = makePath(pos);
-            var tile = tiles[x][y];
-            print('loading ' ~ img_path);
-            tile.set("src", img_path);
-          })();
-        # lambda
-      }
-
-      last_tile = tile_index;
-      last_type = type;
-  }
-};
-
-# set up a timer that will invoke updateTiles at 2-second intervals
-var update_timer = maketimer(2, updateTiles);
-# actually start the timer
-update_timer.start();
-
-# set up default zoom level
-changeZoom(0);
-
-#g.hide();
-
-

test/final2.nas

@@ -1,643 +0,0 @@
-###############################################################################
-##
-## Nasal module for dual control over the multiplayer network.
-##
-##  Copyright (C) 2007 - 2010  Anders Gidenstam  (anders(at)gidenstam.org)
-##  This file is licensed under the GPL license version 2 or later.
-##
-###############################################################################
-## MP properties
-var lat_mpp     = "position/latitude-deg";
-var lon_mpp     = "position/longitude-deg";
-var alt_mpp     = "position/altitude-ft";
-var heading_mpp = "orientation/true-heading-deg";
-var pitch_mpp   = "orientation/pitch-deg";
-var roll_mpp    = "orientation/roll-deg";
-
-# Import components from the mp_broadcast module.
-var Binary         = mp_broadcast.Binary;
-var MessageChannel = mp_broadcast.MessageChannel;
-
-###############################################################################
-# Utility classes
-
-############################################################
-# Translate a property into another.
-#  Factor and offsets are only used for numeric values.
-#   src    - source      : property node
-#   dest   - destination : property node
-#   factor -             : double
-#   offset -             : double
-var Translator = {};
-Translator.new = func (src = nil, dest = nil, factor = 1, offset = 0) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [Translator],
-              src       : src,
-              dest      : dest,
-              factor    : factor,
-              offset    : offset };
-  if (obj.src == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("Translator[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-Translator.update = func () {
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (is_num(v)) {
-    me.dest.setValue(me.factor * v + me.offset);
-  } else {
-    if (typeof(v) == "scalar")
-      me.dest.setValue(v);
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Detects flanks on two insignals encoded in a property.
-# - positive signal up/down flank
-# - negative signal up/down flank
-#   n                 - source : property node
-#   on_positive_flank - action : func (v)
-#   on_negative_flank - action : func (v)
-var EdgeTrigger = {};
-EdgeTrigger.new = func (n, on_positive_flank, on_negative_flank) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [EdgeTrigger],
-              old       : 0,
-              node      : n, 
-              pos_flank : on_positive_flank,
-              neg_flank : on_negative_flank };
-  if (obj.node == nil) {
-    print("EdgeTrigger[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.node));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
-EdgeTrigger.update = func {
-  # NOTE: float MP properties get interpolated.
-  #       This detector relies on that steady state is reached between
-  #       flanks.
-  var val = me.node.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(val)) return;
-  if (me.old == 1) {
-    if (val < me.old) {
-      me.pos_flank(0);
-    }
-  } elsif (me.old == 0) {
-    if (val > me.old) {
-      me.pos_flank(1);
-    } elsif (val < me.old) {
-      me.neg_flank(1);
-    }
-  } elsif (me.old == -1) {
-    if (val > me.old) {
-      me.neg_flank(0);
-    }
-  }
-  me.old = val;
-}
-
-############################################################
-# StableTrigger: Triggers an action when a MPP property
-#                becomes stable (i.e. doesn't change for
-#                MIN_STABLE seconds).
-#   src     - MP prop : property node
-#   action  - action to take when the value becomes stable : [func(v)]
-# An action is triggered when value has stabilized.
-var StableTrigger = {};
-StableTrigger.new = func (src, action) {
-  var obj = { parents      : [StableTrigger],
-              src          : src,
-              action       : action,
-              old          : 0,
-              stable_since : 0,
-              wait         : 0,
-              MIN_STABLE   : 0.01 };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.src == nil) or (action = nil);
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("StableTrigger[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.action));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-StableTrigger.update = func () {
-  var v   = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-
-  if ((me.old == v) and
-      ((t - me.stable_since) > me.MIN_STABLE) and (me.wait == 1)) {
-    # Trigger action.
-    me.action(v);
-
-    me.wait = 0;
-  } elsif (me.old == v) {
-    # Wait. This is either before the signal is stable or after the action. 
-  } else {
-    me.stable_since = t;
-    me.wait         = 1;
-    me.old          = me.src.getValue();
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Selects the most recent value of two properties.
-#   src1      -  : property node
-#   src2      -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-#   threshold -  : double
-var MostRecentSelector = {};
-MostRecentSelector.new = func (src1, src2, dest, threshold) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [MostRecentSelector],
-              old1      : 0,
-              old2      : 0,
-              src1      : src1,
-              src2      : src2,
-              dest      : dest,
-              thres     : threshold };
-  if (obj.src1 == nil or obj.src2 == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("MostRecentSelector[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src1));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src2));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-MostRecentSelector.update = func {
-  var v1 = me.src1.getValue();
-  var v2 = me.src2.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v1) and !is_num(v2)) return;
-  elsif (!is_num(v1)) me.dest.setValue(v2);
-  elsif (!is_num(v2)) me.dest.setValue(v1);
-  else {
-      if (abs (v2 - me.old2) > me.thres) {
-          me.old2 = v2;
-          me.dest.setValue(me.old2);
-      }
-      if (abs (v1 - me.old1) > me.thres) {
-          me.old1 = v1;
-          me.dest.setValue(me.old1);
-      }
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Adds two input properties.
-#   src1      -  : property node
-#   src2      -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-var Adder = {};
-Adder.new = func (src1, src2, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [DeltaAccumulator],
-              src1    : src1,
-              src2    : src2,
-              dest    : dest };
-  if (obj.src1 == nil or obj.src2 == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("Adder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src1));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src2));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-Adder.update = func () {
-  var v1 = me.src1.getValue();
-  var v2 = me.src2.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v1) or !is_num(v2)) return;
-  me.dest.setValue(v1 + v2);
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Adds the delta of src to dest.
-#   src       -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-var DeltaAdder = {};
-DeltaAdder.new = func (src, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [DeltaAdder],
-              old     : 0,
-              src     : src,
-              dest    : dest };
-  if (obj.src == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("DeltaAdder[", debug.string(obj.src), ", ",
-          debug.string(obj.dest), "]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-DeltaAdder.update = func () {
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-  me.dest.setValue((v - me.old) + me.dest.getValue());
-  me.old = v;
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Switch encoder: Encodes upto 32 boolean properties in one
-# int property.
-#   inputs    - list of property nodes
-#   dest      - where the bitmask is stored : property node
-var SwitchEncoder = {};
-SwitchEncoder.new = func (inputs, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [SwitchEncoder],
-              inputs  : inputs,
-              dest    : dest };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.dest == nil);
-  foreach (var i; inputs) {
-    if (i == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("SwitchEncoder[");
-    foreach (var i; inputs) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(i));
-    }
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-SwitchEncoder.update = func () {
-  var v = 0;
-  var b = 1;
-  forindex (var i; me.inputs) {
-    if (me.inputs[i].getBoolValue()) {
-      v = v + b;
-    }
-    b *= 2;
-  }
-  me.dest.setIntValue(v);
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Switch decoder: Decodes a bitmask in an int property.
-#   src     -                 : property node
-#   actions - list of actions : [func(b)]
-# Actions are triggered when their input bit change.
-# Due to interpolation the decoder needs to wait for a
-# stable input value.
-var SwitchDecoder = {};
-SwitchDecoder.new = func (src, actions) {
-  var obj = { parents : [SwitchDecoder],
-              wait         : 0,
-              old          : 0,
-              old_stable   : 0,
-              stable_since : 0,
-              reset        : 1,
-              src          : src,
-              actions      : actions,
-              MIN_STABLE   : 0.1 };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.src == nil);
-  foreach (var a; obj.actions) {
-    if (a == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-  
-  if (bad) {
-    print("SwitchDecoder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    foreach (var a; obj.actions) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(a));
-    }
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-SwitchDecoder.update = func () {
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-
-  if ((me.old == v) and ((t - me.stable_since) > me.MIN_STABLE) and
-      (me.wait == 1)) {
-    var ov = me.old_stable;
-# Use this to improve.
-#<cptf> here's the boring version:  var bittest = func(u, b) { while (b) { u = int(u / 2); b -= 1; } u != int(u / 2) * 2; }
-    forindex (var i; me.actions) {
-      var m  = math.mod(v, 2);
-      var om = math.mod(ov, 2);
-      if ((m != om or me.reset)) { me.actions[i](m?1:0); }
-      v  = (v - m)/2;
-      ov = (ov - om)/2;
-    }
-    me.old_stable = me.src.getValue();
-    me.wait  = 0;
-    me.reset = 0;
-  } elsif (me.old == v) {
-    # Wait. This is either before the bitmask is stable or after
-    # it has been processed. 
-  } else {
-    me.stable_since = t;
-    me.wait         = 1;
-    me.old          = me.src.getValue();
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Time division multiplexing encoder: Transmits a list of
-# properties over a MP enabled string property.
-#   inputs  - input properties : [property node]
-#   dest    - MP string prop   : property node
-# Note: TDM can have high latency so it is best used for
-# non-time critical properties.
-var TDMEncoder = {};
-TDMEncoder.new = func (inputs, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [TDMEncoder],
-              inputs    : inputs,
-              channel   : MessageChannel.new(dest,
-                                             func (msg) {
-                                               print("This should not happen!");
-                                             }),
-              MIN_INT   : 0.25,
-              last_time : 0,
-              next_item : 0,
-              old       : [] };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (dest == nil) or (obj.channel == nil);
-  foreach (var i; inputs) {
-    if (i == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("TDMEncoder[");
-    foreach (var i; inputs) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(i));
-    }
-    print("  ", debug.string(dest));
-    print("]");
-  }
-
-  setsize(obj.old, size(obj.inputs));
-
-  return obj;
-}
-TDMEncoder.update = func () {
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-  if (t > me.last_time + me.MIN_INT) {
-    var n = size(me.inputs);
-    while (1) {
-      var v = me.inputs[me.next_item].getValue();
-
-      if ((n <= 0) or (me.old[me.next_item] != v)) {
-        # Set the MP properties to send the next item.
-        me.channel.send(Binary.encodeByte(me.next_item) ~
-                        Binary.encodeDouble(v));
-
-        me.old[me.next_item] = v;
-
-        me.last_time = t;
-        me.next_item += 1;
-        if (me.next_item >= size(me.inputs)) { me.next_item = 0; }
-        return;
-      } else {
-        # Search for changed property.
-        n -= 1;
-        me.next_item += 1;
-        if (me.next_item >= size(me.inputs)) { me.next_item = 0; }
-      }         
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Time division multiplexing decoder: Receives a list of
-# properties over a MP enabled string property.
-#   src     - MP string prop  : property node
-#   actions - list of actions : [func(v)]
-# An action is triggered when its value is received.
-# Note: TDM can have high latency so it is best used for
-# non-time critical properties.
-var TDMDecoder = {};
-TDMDecoder.new = func (src, actions) {
-  var obj = { parents      : [TDMDecoder],
-              actions      : actions };
-  obj.channel = MessageChannel.new(src,
-                                   func (msg) {
-                                     obj.process(msg);
-                                   });
-
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (src == nil) or (obj.channel == nil);
-  foreach (var a; actions) {
-    if (a == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("TDMDecoder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(src));
-    foreach (var a; actions) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(a));
-    }
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-TDMDecoder.process = func (msg) {
-  var v1 = Binary.decodeByte(msg);
-  var v2 = Binary.decodeDouble(substr(msg, 1));
-  # Trigger action.
-  me.actions[v1](v2);
-}
-TDMDecoder.update = func {
-  me.channel.update();
-}
-
-###############################################################################
-# Internal utility functions
-
-var is_num = func (v) {
-    return num(v) != nil;
-}
-
-# fail causes a Nasal runtime error so we get a backtrace.
-var fail = func {
-    error_detected_in_calling_context();
-}
-
-###############################################################################
-
-###############################################################################
-# Copilot selection dialog.
-#
-# Usage: dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.show(<copilot type string>);
-#
-var COPILOT_DLG = 0;
-var copilot_dialog = {};
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.init = func (copilot_type, x = nil, y = nil) {
-    me.x = x;
-    me.y = y;
-    me.bg = [0, 0, 0, 0.3];    # background color
-    me.fg = [[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]]; 
-    #
-    # "private"
-    if (contains(aircraft_dual_control, "copilot_view")) {
-        me.title = "Pilot selection";
-    } else {
-        me.title = "Copilot selection";
-    }
-    me.basenode = props.globals.getNode("sim/remote", 1);
-    me.dialog = nil;
-    me.namenode = props.Node.new({"dialog-name" : me.title });
-    me.listeners = [];
-    me.copilot_type = copilot_type;
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.create = func {
-    if (me.dialog != nil)
-        me.close();
-
-    me.dialog = gui.Widget.new();
-    me.dialog.set("name", me.title);
-    if (me.x != nil)
-        me.dialog.set("x", me.x);
-    if (me.y != nil)
-        me.dialog.set("y", me.y);
-
-    me.dialog.set("layout", "vbox");
-    me.dialog.set("default-padding", 0);
-    var titlebar = me.dialog.addChild("group");
-    titlebar.set("layout", "hbox");
-    titlebar.addChild("empty").set("stretch", 1);
-    if (contains(aircraft_dual_control, "copilot_view")) {
-        titlebar.addChild("text").set("label", "Book your flight");
-    } else {
-        titlebar.addChild("text").set("label", "Passengers online");
-    }
-    var w = titlebar.addChild("button");
-    w.set("pref-width", 16);
-    w.set("pref-height", 16);
-    w.set("legend", "");
-    w.set("default", 0);
-    w.set("key", "esc");
-    w.setBinding("nasal", "dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.destroy(); ");
-    w.setBinding("dialog-close");
-    me.dialog.addChild("hrule");
-
-    var content = me.dialog.addChild("group");
-    content.set("layout", "vbox");
-    content.set("halign", "center");
-    content.set("default-padding", 5);
-
-    # Generate the dialog contents.
-    me.players = me.find_copilot_players();
-    var i = 0;
-    var tmpbase  = me.basenode.getNode("dialog", 1);
-    var selected = me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").getValue();
-    foreach (var p; me.players) {
-        var tmp = tmpbase.getNode("b[" ~ i ~ "]", 1);
-        tmp.setBoolValue(streq(selected, p));
-        var w = content.addChild("checkbox");
-        w.node.setValues({"label"    : p,
-                          "halign"   : "left",
-                          "property" : tmp.getPath()});
-        w.setBinding
-            ("nasal",
-             "dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.select_action(" ~ i ~ ");");
-        i = i + 1;
-    }
-    me.dialog.addChild("hrule");
-
-    # Display the dialog.
-    fgcommand("dialog-new", me.dialog.prop());
-    fgcommand("dialog-show", me.namenode);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.close = func {
-    fgcommand("dialog-close", me.namenode);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.destroy = func {
-    COPILOT_DLG = 0;
-    me.close();
-    foreach(var l; me.listeners)
-        removelistener(l);
-    delete(gui.dialog, "\"" ~ me.title ~ "\"");
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.show = func (copilot_type) {
-#    print("Showing MPCopilots dialog!");
-    if (!COPILOT_DLG) {
-        COPILOT_DLG = int(getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"));
-        me.init(copilot_type);
-        me.create();
-        me._update_(COPILOT_DLG);
-    }
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog._redraw_ = func {
-    if (me.dialog != nil) {
-        me.close();
-        me.create();
-    }
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog._update_ = func (id) {
-    if (COPILOT_DLG != id) return;
-    me._redraw_();
-    settimer(func { me._update_(id); }, 4.1);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.select_action = func (n) {
-    var selected = me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").getValue();
-    var bs = me.basenode.getNode("dialog").getChildren();
-    # Assumption: There are two true b:s or none. The one not matching selected
-    #             is the new selection.
-    var i = 0;
-    me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").setValue("");
-    foreach (var b; bs) {
-        if (!b.getValue() and (i == n)) {
-            b.setValue(1);
-            me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").setValue(me.players[i]);
-        } else {
-            b.setValue(0);
-        }
-        i = i + 1;
-    }
-    dual_control.main.reset();
-    me._redraw_();
-}
-############################################################
-# Return a list containing all nearby copilot players of the right type.
-copilot_dialog.find_copilot_players = func {
-    var mpplayers =
-        props.globals.getNode("ai/models").getChildren("multiplayer");
-
-    var res = [];
-    foreach (var pilot; mpplayers) {
-        if ((pilot.getNode("valid") != nil) and
-            (pilot.getNode("valid").getValue()) and
-            (pilot.getNode("sim/model/path") != nil)) {
-            var type = pilot.getNode("sim/model/path").getValue();
-
-            if (type == me.copilot_type) {
-                append(res, pilot.getNode("callsign").getValue());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#    debug.dump(res);
-    return res; 
-}
-###############################################################################

test/first_pro.nas

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-print("hello world!\n");
-print("This is the first program for nasal--\n");
-var cnt=0;
-for(var i=1;i<101;i+=1)
-    cnt+=i;
-print(cnt);

test/func.nas

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-var f=func(n,m,dynamic...)
-{
-    print(n+m," ",dynamic);
-    n=dynamic;
-    m=dynamic;
-    n+=m;
-    return dynamic;
-};
-print(f(1,1,0,0,0,0,0,(1+2+3+(1+2+3+4)))[3]);
-function([0,1,2,3],{str:"str"});

test/hexdump.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+# hexdump.nas by ValKmjolnir
+# 2021/8/13
+
+import("lib.nas");
+
+# init
+var hex_num=[
+    '0','1','2','3',
+    '4','5','6','7',
+    '8','9','a','b',
+    'c','d','e','f'
+];
+var hex=[];
+foreach(var i;hex_num)
+    foreach(var j;hex_num)
+        append(hex,i~j);
+
+# read file
+var s=func(){
+    var filename=[
+        "nasal.h",
+        "main.cpp",
+        "nasal_ast.h",
+        "nasal_builtin.h",
+        "nasal_codegen.h",
+        "nasal_gc.h",
+        "nasal_import.h",
+        "nasal_lexer.h",
+        "nasal_parse.h",
+        "nasal_vm.h",
+    ];
+    var ret="";
+    foreach(var elem;filename)
+        ret~=io.fin(elem);
+    return ret;
+}();
+
+# used to change line and control the spaces
+var cnt=0;
+
+# used to print hex index
+var hex_index=[0,0,0,0];
+
+# print binary in text format
+var textprint=func(index){
+    var info='';
+    for(var i=index-cnt;i<index;i+=1)
+        info~=(0<=s[i] and s[i]<32)?'.':chr(s[i]);
+    for(var i=cnt;i<16;i+=1)
+        info~='.';
+    return ' |'~info~'|\n';
+}
+
+# print index
+var indexprint=func(index){
+    forindex(var i;hex_index){
+        hex_index[i]=index-int(index/256)*256;
+        index=int(index/256);
+    }
+    var info='';
+    for(var i=3;i>=0;i-=1)
+        info~=hex[hex_index[i]];
+    return info~'  ';
+}
+
+# main
+func(){
+    var info=indexprint(0);
+    for(var i=0;i<size(s);i+=1){
+        if(cnt==16){
+            info~=textprint(i);
+            print(info);
+            cnt=0;
+            info=indexprint(i);
+        }elsif(cnt==8)
+            info~=' ';
+        cnt+=1;
+        info~=hex[s[i]]~' ';
+    }
+    for(var l=cnt;l<16;l+=1)
+        info~='   ';
+    if(cnt<=8)
+        info~=' ';
+    info~=textprint(i);
+    print(info);
+}();

test/json.nas

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #lib json.nas
+import("lib.nas");
 var json={
     text:'',
     line:1,

test/leetcode1319.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+# union set
+var n=4;
+var input=[[0,1],[0,2],[1,2]];
+
+var find_root=func(x,parent)
+{
+    while(parent[x]!=nil)
+        x=parent[x];
+    return x;
+}
+var union_root=func(x,y,parent)
+{
+    var x_root=find_root(x,parent);
+    var y_root=find_root(y,parent);
+    if(x_root==y_root) return 0;
+    else parent[x_root]=y_root;
+    return 1;
+}
+var makeConnect=func(n,connections)
+{
+    if(size(connections)<n-1) return -1;
+    var cnt=n-1;
+    var parent=[];
+    setsize(parent,n);
+    foreach(var i;connections)
+        if(union_root(i[0],i[1],parent))
+            cnt-=1;
+    return cnt;
+}
+
+println(makeConnect(n,input));

test/lexer.nas

@@ -1,183 +1,192 @@
 import("lib.nas");
 
-var s=io.fin("a.nas");
-s=split('',s);
-var len=size(s);
-var ptr=0;
-
-var jump_note=func()
+var lexer=func(file)
 {
-    while(ptr<len and s[ptr]!='\n')
-        ptr+=1;
-    ptr+=1;
-    return;
-}
-
-var generate_id=func()
-{
-    var tmp="";
-    while(ptr<len)
+    var (ptr,token)=(0,[]);
+    var s=io.fin(file);
+    var len=size(s);
+    return
     {
-        if('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='z'
-        or 'A'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='Z'
-        or s[ptr]=='_'
-        or '0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9')
-            tmp~=s[ptr];
-        else
-            break;
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    return tmp;
-}
-
-var generate_str=func()
-{
-    var tok_str="";
-    var mark=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    while(ptr<len and s[ptr]!=mark)
-    {
-        if(s[ptr]=='\\')
+        jmp_note:func()
         {
+            while(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])!='\n')
+                ptr+=1;
             ptr+=1;
-            if(s[ptr]=='a') tok_str~='\a';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='b') tok_str~='\b';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='f') tok_str~='\f';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='n') tok_str~='\n';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='r') tok_str~='\r';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='t') tok_str~='\t';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='v') tok_str~='\v';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='?') tok_str~='?';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='0') tok_str~='\0';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\\') tok_str~='\\';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\'') tok_str~='\'';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\"') tok_str~='\"';
-            else tok_str~=s[ptr];
-        }
-        else
-            tok_str~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(ptr>=len)
-        print("read eof when generating string.");
-    ptr+=1;
-    return tok_str;
-}
-
-var generate_number=func()
-{
-    var number=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    if(s[ptr]=='x')
-    {
-        ptr+=1;
-        while(ptr<len and ('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='f' or '0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
+        },
+        id_gen:func()
         {
-            number~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return num(number);
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='o')
-    {
-        ptr+=1;
-        while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='7'))
-        {
-            number~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return num(number);
-    }
-
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(s[ptr]=='.')
-        number~=s[ptr];
-    else
-        return num(number);
-    ptr+=1;
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(s[ptr]=='e' or s[ptr]=='E')
-        number~=s[ptr];
-    else
-        return num(number);
-    ptr+=1;
-    if(s[ptr]=='-' or s[ptr]=='+')
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    return num(number);
-}
-
-var generate_operator=func()
-{
-    var tmp="";
-    if(s[ptr]=='+' or s[ptr]=='-' or s[ptr]=='~' or s[ptr]=='/' or s[ptr]=='*' or s[ptr]=='>' or s[ptr]=='<' or s[ptr]=='!' or s[ptr]=='=')
-    {
-        tmp=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-        if(ptr<len and s[ptr]=='=')
-        {
-            tmp~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return tmp;
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='.')
-    {
-        if(ptr+2<len and s[ptr+1]=='.' and s[ptr+2]=='.')
-        {
-            tmp='...';
-            ptr+=3;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            tmp='.';
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return tmp;
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]!=' ' and s[ptr]!='\t' and s[ptr]!='\n' and s[ptr]!='\r' and s[ptr][0]>0)
-        tmp=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    return tmp;
-}
-var cnt=0;
-var token=[];
-while(ptr<len)
-{
-    if(s[ptr]=='#')
-        jump_note();
-    elsif('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='z' or 'A'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='Z' or s[ptr]=='_')
-        append(token,generate_id());
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='\'' or s[ptr]=='\"')
-        append(token,generate_str());
-    elsif('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9')
-        append(token,generate_number());
-    else
-    {
-        var tmp=generate_operator();
-        if(size(tmp))
+            var tmp="";
+            while(ptr<len)
+            {
+                var c=s[ptr];
+                if(('a'[0]<=c and c<='z'[0])
+                or ('A'[0]<=c and c<='Z'[0])
+                or ('0'[0]<=c and c<='9'[0])
+                or c=='_'[0])
+                    tmp~=chr(c);
+                else
+                    break;
+                ptr+=1;
+            }
             append(token,tmp);
-    }
-    if(ptr>=len)
-        break;
+        },
+        str_gen:func()
+        {
+            var str="";
+            var mark=chr(s[ptr]);
+            ptr+=1;
+            while(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])!=mark)
+            {
+                if(chr(s[ptr])=='\\')
+                {
+                    ptr+=1;
+                    var c=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    if   (c=='a' ) str~='\a';
+                    elsif(c=='b' ) str~='\b';
+                    elsif(c=='f' ) str~='\f';
+                    elsif(c=='n' ) str~='\n';
+                    elsif(c=='r' ) str~='\r';
+                    elsif(c=='t' ) str~='\t';
+                    elsif(c=='v' ) str~='\v';
+                    elsif(c=='?' ) str~='\?';
+                    elsif(c=='0' ) str~='\0';
+                    elsif(c=='\\') str~='\\';
+                    elsif(c=='\'') str~='\'';
+                    elsif(c=='\"') str~='\"';
+                    else           str~=c;
+                }
+                else
+                    str~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                ptr+=1;
+            }
+            if(ptr>=len)
+                print("read eof when generating string.\n");
+            ptr+=1;
+            append(token,str);
+        },
+        num_gen:func()
+        {
+            var number=chr(s[ptr]);
+            ptr+=1;
+            if(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])=='x')
+            {
+                ptr+=1;
+                while(ptr<len and
+                ('a'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='f'[0]
+                or '0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(token,num(number));
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])=='o')
+            {
+                ptr+=1;
+                while(ptr<len and ('0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='7'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(token,num(number));
+                return;
+            }
+            while(ptr<len and ('0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'[0]))
+            {
+                number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                ptr+=1;
+            }
+            if(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])=='.')
+            {
+                number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                ptr+=1;
+                while(ptr<len and ('0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+            }
+            if(chr(s[ptr])=='e' or chr(s[ptr])=='E')
+            {
+                number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                ptr+=1;
+                if(chr(s[ptr])=='-' or chr(s[ptr])=='+')
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                while(ptr<len and ('0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+            }
+            var last_c=chr(number[-1]);
+            if(last_c=='.' or last_c=='e' or last_c=='E' or last_c=='-' or last_c=='+')
+                println("error number: ",number);
+            append(token,num(number));
+        },
+        opr_gen:func()
+        {
+            var c=chr(s[ptr]);
+            if(c=='+' or c=='-' or c=='~' or c=='/' or c=='*' or c=='>' or c=='<' or c=='!' or c=='=')
+            {
+                var tmp=c;
+                ptr+=1;
+                if(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])=='=')
+                {
+                    tmp~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(token,tmp);
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(c=='.')
+            {
+                if(ptr+2<len and chr(s[ptr+1])=='.' and chr(s[ptr+2])=='.')
+                {
+                    append(token,"...");
+                    ptr+=3;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    append(token,".");
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(c!=' ' and c!='\t' and c!='\n' and c!='\r' and s[ptr]>0)
+                append(token,c);
+            ptr+=1;
+            return;
+        },
+        compile:func()
+        {
+            while(ptr<len)
+            {
+                var c=s[ptr];
+                if(c=='#'[0])
+                    me.jmp_note();
+                elsif('a'[0]<=c and c<='z'[0]
+                    or 'A'[0]<=c and c<='Z'[0]
+                    or c=='_'[0])
+                    me.id_gen();
+                elsif(c=='\''[0] or c=='\"'[0])
+                    me.str_gen();
+                elsif('0'[0]<=c and c<='9'[0])
+                    me.num_gen();
+                else
+                    me.opr_gen();
+            }
+            return;
+        },
+        get_token:func(){return token;}
+    };
 }
-foreach(var i;token)
-{
-    print("(",cnt," | ",i,")");
-    cnt+=1;
-}
+
+var lex=lexer("test/props.nas");
+lex.compile();
+foreach(var tok;lex.get_token())
+    print(tok,' ');
+print('\n');

test/lib.nas

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-var import=func(filename)
-{
-    nasal_call_import(filename);
-    return nil;
-}
-var print=func(elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
-};
-var append=func(vector,elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_push_back(vector,elements);
-    return nil;
-}
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
-}
-var system=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_system(str);
-    return;
-}
-var input=func()
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_input();
-}
-var sleep=func(duration)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_sleep(duration);
-    return;
-}
-var split=func(delimeter,string)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_split(delimeter,string);
-}
-var rand=func(seed=nil)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_rand(seed);
-}
-var id=func(thing)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_id(thing);
-}
-var int=func(value)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_int(value);
-}
-var num=func(value)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_num(value);
-}
-var pop=func(vector)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_pop_back(vector);
-}
-var str=func(number)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_str(number);
-}
-var size=func(object)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_size(object);
-}
-var contains=func(hash,key)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_contains(hash,key);
-}
-var delete=func(hash,key)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_delete(hash,key);
-    return;
-}
-var keys=func(hash)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_keys(hash);
-}
-var time=func(begin_time)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_time(begin_time);
-}
-var die=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_die(str);
-    return nil;
-}
-var typeof=func(object)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_type(object);
-}
-var substr=func(str,begin,length)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_substr(str,begin,length);
-}
-
-var io=
-{
-    fin:func(filename)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_finput(filename);
-    },
-    fout:func(filename,str)
-    {
-        nasal_call_builtin_foutput(filename,str);
-        return;
-    }
-};
-
-var bits=
-{
-    bitxor:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_xor(a,b);
-    },
-    bitand:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_and(a,b);
-    },
-    bitor:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_or(a,b);
-    },
-    bitnand:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_nand(a,b);
-    },
-    bitnot:func(a)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_not(a);
-    }
-};
-
-var math=
-{
-    e:2.7182818284590452354,
-    pi:3.14159265358979323846,
-    sin:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_sin(x);
-    },
-    cos:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cos(x);
-    },
-    tan:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_tan(x);
-    },
-    exp:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_exp(x);
-    }, 
-    ln:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_ln(x);
-    },
-    sqrt:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_sqrt(x);
-    },
-    atan2:func(x,y)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_atan2(x,y);
-    },
-};

test/life.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var map=nil;
+
+var check=func(x,y)
+{
+    if(x>14) x=0;
+    if(y>19) y=0;
+    return map[x][y];
+}
+
+var new_map=func()
+{
+    var tmp=[];
+    setsize(tmp,15);
+    forindex(var i;tmp)
+    {
+        tmp[i]=[];
+        setsize(tmp[i],20);
+    }
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+var prt=func()
+{
+    var s='';
+    foreach(var line;map)
+    {
+        foreach(var elem;line)
+            s~=elem~' ';
+        s~='\n';
+    }
+    if(os.platform()=="windows")
+        system("cls");
+    else
+        system("clear");
+    print(s);
+}
+
+func()
+{
+    rand(time(0));
+    map=new_map();
+    forindex(var i;map)
+        forindex(var j;map[i])
+            map[i][j]=rand()>0.7?'O':' ';
+    var calc=[[0,1],[1,0],[0,-1],[-1,0],[1,1],[1,-1],[-1,-1],[-1,1]];
+    for(var r=0;r<100;r+=1)
+    {
+        prt(map);
+        var tmp=new_map();
+        for(var i=0;i<15;i+=1)
+            for(var j=0;j<20;j+=1)
+            {
+                var cnt=0;
+                foreach(var k;calc)
+                    cnt+=(check(i+k[0],j+k[1])=='O');
+                if(cnt==2)    tmp[i][j]=map[i][j];
+                elsif(cnt==3) tmp[i][j]='O';
+                else          tmp[i][j]=' ';
+            }
+        map=tmp;
+    }
+    return;
+}();

test/loop.nas

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import("lib.nas");
 for(;;)break;
 for(;;)
 {
@@ -6,25 +7,32 @@ for(;;)
 }
 for(var i=1;;)break;
 for(var i=1;;i+=1)break;
-for(var i=1;i<10;i+=1)print(i);
+for(var i=1;i<10;i+=1)print(i,'\n');
 
 while(1)break;
 var j=0;
 while(j<10)
 {
-    print(j);
+    print(j,'\n');
     j+=1;
 }
 
-forindex(var j;[0,1,2,3])print(j);
+forindex(var j;[0,1,2,3])print(j,'\n');
 forindex(var j;[0,1,2,3])
 {
     var a=j;
-    print(a*a);
+    print(a*a,'\n');
 }
-foreach(var j;[0,1,2,3])print([0,1,2,3][j]);
+foreach(var j;[0,1,2,3])print([0,1,2,3][j],'\n');
 foreach(var j;[0,1,2,3])
 {
     var a=[0,1,2,3][j];
-    print(a*a-1);
+    print(a*a-1,'\n');
 }
+
+var f=func(){
+    var x=0;
+    return func(){x+=1;};
+}();
+for(var i=0;i<4e6;i+=1)
+    f();

test/main.nas

@@ -1,382 +0,0 @@
-# game left in corner by ValKmjolnir
-# 2020
-
-# lib function defined here
-var print=func(elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
-};
-var append=func(vector,elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_push_back(vector,elements);
-    return nil;
-}
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
-}
-var system=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_system(str);
-    return;
-}
-var sleep=func(duration)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_sleep(duration);
-    return;
-}
-var input=func()
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_input();
-}
-var io=
-{
-    fin:func(filename)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_finput(filename);
-    },
-    fout:func(filename,str)
-    {
-        nasal_call_builtin_foutput(filename,str);
-        return;
-    }
-};
-var int=func(str)
-{
-    return str+0;
-}
-var str=func(num)
-{
-    return num~'';
-}
-# string split
-
-# game elements defined here
-var role_property=
-{
-    health:100,
-    mood:100,
-    satiety:100,
-    thirst:100,
-    health_change:func(x)
-    {
-        me.health+=x;
-        if(me.health<0)
-            me.health=0;
-        elsif(me.health>100)
-            me.health=100;
-        return nil;
-    },
-    mood_change:func(x)
-    {
-        me.mood+=x;
-        if(me.mood<0)
-            me.mood=0;
-        elsif(me.mood>100)
-            me.mood=100;
-        return nil;
-    },
-    satiety_change:func(x)
-    {
-        me.satiety+=x;
-        if(me.satiety<0)
-            me.satiety=0;
-        elsif(me.satiety>100)
-            me.satiety=100;
-        return nil;
-    },
-    thirst_change:func(x)
-    {
-        me.thirst+=x;
-        if(me.thirst<0)
-            me.thirst=0;
-        elsif(me.thirst>100)
-            me.thirst=100;
-        return nil;
-    }
-};
-var screen=
-{
-    picture:[],
-    info_below_left:[],
-    info_below_right:[],
-    clear:func()
-    {
-        me.picture=[];
-        me.info_below_left=[];
-        me.info_below_right=[];
-        return;
-    },
-    pic_addline:func(_str)
-    {
-        append(me.picture,_str);
-        return;
-    },
-    left_add:func(_str)
-    {
-        append(me.info_below_left,_str);
-        return;
-    },
-    right_add:func(_str)
-    {
-        append(me.info_below_right,_str);
-        return;
-    },
-    prt_screen:func()
-    {
-        foreach(var i;me.picture)
-            print(i);
-        forindex(var i;me.info_below_left)
-            print(me.info_below_left[i]~me.info_below_right[i]);
-        return;
-    }
-};
-var first_shown_info=func()
-{
-    system("cls");
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "| Let me tell you a story...                    |",
-        "| A story that really happened many years ago...|",
-        "| Nearly no one knows and cares about it...     |",
-        "| But some children may still suffer from...    |",
-        "| This kind of stories...                       |",
-        "| And this kind of stories never stop hurting...|",
-        "| People that are still alive...                |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        print(i);
-    return;
-}
-var generate_role_property=func()
-{
-    screen.left_add("+-----------------------+");
-    var str="";
-    for(var i=10;i<=100;i+=10)
-    {
-        if(i<=role_property.health)
-            str~="=";
-        else
-            str~=" ";
-    }
-    screen.left_add("|[health ]:"~str~"   |");
-    str="";
-    for(var i=10;i<=100;i+=10)
-    {
-        if(i<=role_property.mood)
-            str~="=";
-        else
-            str~=" ";
-    }
-    screen.left_add("|[mood   ]:"~str~"   |");
-    str="";
-    for(var i=10;i<=100;i+=10)
-    {
-        if(i<=role_property.satiety)
-            str~="=";
-        else
-            str~=" ";
-    }
-    screen.left_add("|[satiety]:"~str~"   |");
-    str="";
-    for(var i=10;i<=100;i+=10)
-    {
-        if(i<=role_property.thirst)
-            str~="=";
-        else
-            str~=" ";
-    }
-    screen.left_add("|[thirst ]:"~str~"   |");
-    screen.left_add("+-----------------------+");
-    return;
-}
-var generate_choose_list=func()
-{
-    var str_list=[
-        "-----------------------+",
-        "[1]| next step         |",
-        "[2]| restart           |",
-        "[3]| store game        |",
-        "[4]| exit              |",
-        "-----------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.right_add(i);
-    return;
-}
-var next_step=func()
-{
-    role_property.health_change(-1);
-    role_property.mood_change(-1);
-    role_property.satiety_change(-1);
-    role_property.thirst_change(-10);
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-    return;
-}
-var restart=func()
-{
-    role_property.health=100;
-    role_property.mood=100;
-    role_property.satiety=100;
-    role_property.thirst=100;
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-    return;
-}
-var generate_incorrect_choice_screen=func()
-{
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|            make a correct choice.             |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-}
-var generate_goodbye_screen=func()
-{
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|              see you next life.               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-}
-var store_file=func()
-{
-    var str=role_property.health~'\n'~role_property.mood~'\n'~role_property.satiety~'\n'~role_property.thirst~'\n';
-    io.fout("game-left-in-corner.glic",str);
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                  data stored.                 |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-    return;
-}
-var get_file=func()
-{
-    var str=io.fin("game-left-in-corner.glic");
-    print(str);
-    return;
-}
-var game_main=func()
-{
-    first_shown_info();
-    screen.clear();
-    generate_role_property();
-    generate_choose_list();
-    screen.prt_screen();
-    while(1)
-    {
-        screen.clear();
-        print("|your choice[1|2|3|4]:                          |");
-        var choice=input();
-        if((choice!='1') and (choice!='2') and (choice!='3') and (choice!='4'))
-            generate_incorrect_choice_screen();
-        elsif(choice=='1')
-            next_step();
-        elsif(choice=='2')
-            restart();
-        elsif(choice=='3')
-            store_file();
-        elsif(choice=='4')
-        {
-            system("cls");
-            screen.clear();
-            generate_goodbye_screen();
-            generate_role_property();
-            generate_choose_list();
-            screen.prt_screen();
-            break;
-        }
-        system("cls");
-        generate_role_property();
-        generate_choose_list();
-        screen.prt_screen();
-        if(role_property.health==0 or role_property.mood==0 or role_property.satiety==0 or role_property.thirst==0)
-        {
-            print("|you died.                                      |");
-            print("+-----------------------------------------------+");
-            system("pause");
-            screen.clear();
-            restart();
-            system("cls");
-            generate_role_property();
-            generate_choose_list();
-            screen.prt_screen();
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}
-game_main();

test/mandelbrot.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var (yMin,yMax,xMin,xMax,line)=(-0.2,0.2,-1.5,-1.0,"");
+var (yDel,xDel)=(yMax-yMin,xMax-xMin);
+for(var yPixel=0;yPixel<24;yPixel+=1)
+{
+    var y=(yPixel/24)*yDel+yMin;
+    for(var xPixel=0;xPixel<80;xPixel+=1)
+    {
+        var x=(xPixel/80)*xDel+xMin;
+        var pixel=" ";
+        var (x0,y0)=(x,y);
+        for(var iter=0;iter<80;iter+=1)
+        {
+            var x1=(x0*x0)-(y0*y0)+x;
+            var y1=2*x0*y0+y;
+            (x0,y0)=(x1,y1);
+            if((x0*x0)+(y0*y0)>4)
+            {
+                pixel=chr(" .:;+=xX$&"[iter/8]);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        line~=pixel;
+    }
+    line~='\n';
+}
+print(line);

test/module_test.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var libfib=func(){
+    var dl=dylib.dlopen("./module/libfib."~(os.platform()=="windows"?"dll":"so"));
+    var fib=dylib.dlsym(dl,"fib");
+    var qfib=dylib.dlsym(dl,"quick_fib");
+    var call=dylib.dlcall;
+    return
+    {
+        fib: func(x){return call(fib,x)},
+        qfib:func(x){return call(qfib,x)}
+    };
+}();
+
+println(libfib);
+println(libfib.fib(29));
+println(libfib.qfib(29));

test/nasal_test.nas

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-#//This is written for Nasal Intepreter
-#//Sidi Liang
-
+# This is written for Nasal Intepreter
+# Sidi Liang
+import("lib.nas");
 var w = 1;
 var x = "hello";
 var f = func(){
-    print("f is called");
+    println("f is called");
 }
 var f2 = func(){
     return 2;
@@ -28,71 +28,27 @@ var z1 = {
     hashh:z
 };
 var y2 = [w, x, y, z1];
-
 var z2 = {
     hashh: z1,
     listt2: y2,
 };
 
-print(w);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(x);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(y);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(z);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(z1);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(y2);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(y[0]);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(y1[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(z.numb);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(z.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(z1.hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(y2[3].hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(f);#//Empty
-print("\n");
+println(w);#//1
+println(x);#//hello
+println(y);#//[1,hello]
+println(z);#//{...}
+println(z1);#//{...}
+println(y2);#//[...]
+println(y[0]);#//1
+println(y1[2][1]);#//hello
+println(z.numb);#//1
+println(z.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(z1.hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(y2[3].hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(f);#//func(...){...}
 f();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(z.funcc);#//Empty
-print("\n");
+println(z.funcc);#//func(...){...}
 z.funcc();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(z.funcccall);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-z.funcccall();#//f is called
-print("\n");
+println(z.funcccall);#//func(...){...}
 z2.listt2[3].hashh.funcc();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(y1[f2()][w]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-#//print(z.f3()); Error
-call(f);#//f is called
-print("\n");
-call(z.funcc);#//f is called
-print("\n");
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+println(y1[f2()][w]);#//hello

test/neo4j.nas

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-
-rand(time(0));
-var chartable=split('','abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789');
-var node=func(type)
-{
-    var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
-        s~=chartable[rand()*62];
-    return {name:s,type:type,next:[]};
-}
-var film_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<1000;i+=1)
-    append(film_node,node("film"));
-var director_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<400;i+=1)
-    append(director_node,node("direct"));
-var actor_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<2000;i+=1)
-    append(actor_node,node("actor"));
-var writer_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<300;i+=1)
-    append(writer_node,node("writer"));
-var type_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<20;i+=1)
-    append(type_node,node("type"));
-var lang_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<120;i+=1)
-    append(lang_node,node("lang"));
-var country_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<120;i+=1)
-    append(country_node,node("country"));
-
-func()
-{
-    var director_size=size(director_node);
-    var actor_size=size(actor_node);
-    var writer_size=size(writer_node);
-    var type_size=size(type_node);
-    var lang_size=size(lang_node);
-    var country_size=size(country_node);
-
-    var director_link=int(1+rand()*2);
-    var actor_link=int(1+rand()*10);
-    var writer_link=int(1+rand());
-    var type_link=int(1+rand()*3);
-    var lang_link=int(1+rand()*4);
-    var country_link=int(1+rand()*2);
-    foreach(var film;film_node)
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<director_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var director=director_node[rand()*director_size];
-            append(film.next,director);
-            append(director.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<actor_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var actor=actor_node[rand()*actor_size];
-            append(film.next,actor);
-            append(actor.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<writer_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var writer=writer_node[rand()*writer_size];
-            append(film.next,writer);
-            append(writer.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<type_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var _type=type_node[rand()*type_size];
-            append(film.next,_type);
-            append(_type.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<lang_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var lang=lang_node[rand()*lang_size];
-            append(film.next,lang);
-            append(lang.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<country_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var country=country_node[rand()*country_size];
-            append(film.next,country);
-            append(country.next,film);
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}();
-
-
-var film_list=[];
-var count_list=[];
-for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
-{
-    append(film_list,film_node[i]);
-    append(count_list,1);
-}
-
-var sort_list=func(begin,end)
-{
-    for(var i=begin;i<end;i+=1)
-    {
-        var index=i;
-        for(var j=i+1;j<end;j+=1)
-            if(count_list[index]<count_list[j])
-                index=j;
-        if(index!=i)
-        {
-            var tmp=film_list[i];
-            film_list[i]=film_list[index];
-            film_list[index]=tmp;
-            tmp=count_list[i];
-            count_list[i]=count_list[index];
-            count_list[index]=tmp;
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-while(1)
-{
-    var list_size=size(film_list);
-    list_size=list_size>10?10:list_size;
-    for(var i=0;i<list_size;i+=1)
-        print(i,'\t:',film_list[i].name,'\t',count_list[i]);
-    var choose=input();
-    if(choose=="exit")
-        break;
-    if(num(choose)>=list_size)
-        die("choose a correct index");
-    var label_list=film_node[num(choose)].next;
-    film_list=[];
-    count_list=[];
-    foreach(var label;label_list)
-        foreach(var film;label.next)
-        {
-            var has=0;
-            for(var i=0;i<size(film_list);i+=1)
-                if(film_list[i].name==film.name)
-                {
-                    has=1;
-                    count_list[i]+=rand();
-                    break;
-                }
-            if(has==0)
-            {
-                append(film_list,film);
-                append(count_list,1);
-            }
-        }
-    sort_list(0,size(film_list));
-}
-
-foreach(var film;film_node)
-    setsize(film.next,0);

test/pi.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var (t,res)=(1,0);
+for(var m=1;m<4e6;m+=2)
+{
+    res+=t/m;
+    t=-t;
+}
+println(res*4);

test/prime.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var is_prime=func(x){
+    for(var i=2;i<x;i+=1)
+        if(x/i==int(x/i))
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+var is_prime_sqrt=func(x){
+    for(var i=2;i<=math.sqrt(x);i+=1)
+        if(x/i==int(x/i))
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+var primes=[];
+var filter=func(x){
+    foreach(var i;primes){
+        if(x/i==int(x/i))
+            return 0;
+        if(x>=i){
+            for(var j=i+1;j<=math.sqrt(x);j+=1)
+                if(x/j==int(x/j))
+                    return 0;
+            append(primes,x);
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    append(primes,x);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+func(){
+    var cnt=0;
+    for(var i=2;i<50000;i+=1)
+        if(filter(i))
+            cnt+=1;
+    println(cnt);
+}();

test/prop.nas

@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-
-var property_tree=
-{
-    accelerations:
-    {
-        'n-z-cg-fps_sec':0,
-        ned:
-        {
-            'down-accel-fps_sec':0,
-            'east-accel-fps_sec':0,
-            'north-accel-fps_sec':0,
-        },
-        nlf:0,
-        pilot:
-        {
-            'x-accel-fps_sec':0,
-            'y-accel-fps_sec':0,
-            'z-accel-fps_sec':0,
-        },
-        'pilot-g':1,
-        'pilot-gdamped':1
-    },
-    ai:
-    {
-        models:
-        {
-            carrier:
-            {
-                callsign:'',
-                controls:{},
-                environment:{},
-                id:2,
-                name:'Nimitz',
-                navaids:{},
-                orientation:{},
-                position:{},
-                radar:{},
-                sign:'CVN-68',
-                sim:{},
-                subID:0,
-                submodels:
-                {
-                    path:'',
-                    serviceable:1
-                },
-                'surface-positions':{},
-                type:'AI',
-                valid:1,
-                velocities:{},
-                waypoint:{}
-            },
-            'carrier[1]':
-            {
-                callsign:'',
-                controls:{},
-                environment:{},
-                id:3,
-                name:'Eisenhower',
-                navaids:{},
-                orientation:{},
-                position:{},
-                radar:{},
-                sign:'CVN-69',
-                sim:{},
-                subID:0,
-                submodels:
-                {
-                    path:'',
-                    serviceable:0
-                },
-                'surface-positions':{},
-                type:'AI',
-                valid:1,
-                velocities:{},
-                waypoint:{}
-            },
-            count:2,
-            'model-added':'/ai[0]/models[0]/carrier[1]',
-            'model-removed':nil,
-            'num-players':0
-        },
-        submodels:
-        {
-            contrails:0
-        },
-    },
-    aircraft:
-    {
-        icao:
-        {
-            equipment:'SDFGY',
-            surveillance:'S',
-            type:'ZZZZ',
-            'wake-turbulence-category':'L'
-        },
-        performance:
-        {
-            approach:
-            {
-                'airspeed-knots':150,
-            },
-            climb:'\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t',
-            cruise:
-            {
-                'airspeed-knots':1000,
-                'altitude-ft':4500,
-            },
-            descent:'\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t',
-            maximum:'\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t',
-            minimum:'\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t',
-        },
-        settings:
-        {
-            fuel_persistent:0,
-            ground_services_persistent:0,
-            radio_persistent:0,
-            tooltips:1,
-            weight_persistent:0
-        }
-    },
-    autopilot:
-    {
-        internal:{},
-        locks:{},
-        'route-manager':{},
-        settings:{},
-        'target-tracking':{},
-    },
-    canvas:
-    {
-        'by-index':
-        {
-            texture:
-            {
-                background:'rgba(0,0,0,0)',
-                group:{},
-                name:'Tooltip',
-                placement:{},
-                size:600,
-                'size[1]':200,
-                status:0,
-                'status-msg':'OK',
-                view:300,
-                'view[1]':100
-            },
-            'texture[1]':
-            {
-                background:'rgba(0,0,0,0)',
-                group:{},
-                mipmapping:1,
-                name:'SymbolCache1024x1024',
-                placement:{},
-                size:1024,
-                'size[1]':1024,
-                status:0,
-                'status-msg':'OK',
-                view:1024,
-                'view[1]':1024
-            },
-            'texture[2]':
-            {
-                background:'rgba(0,0,0,0)',
-                group:{},
-                mipmapping:1,
-                name:'SymbolCache1024x1024',
-                placement:{},
-                size:1024,
-                'size[1]':1024,
-                status:0,
-                'status-msg':'OK',
-                view:1024,
-                'view[1]':1024
-            },
-        }
-    },
-    command:{},
-    consumables:{},
-    controls:{},
-    cursor:'Aircraft/ufo/Models/cursor.ac',
-    devices:{},
-    earthview:{},
-    engines:{},
-    environment:{},
-    ephemeris:{},
-    fdm:{},
-    gear:{},
-    hazards:{},
-    input:{},
-    instrumentation:{},
-    'local-weather':{},
-    logging:{},
-    models:{},
-    nasal:{},
-    orientation:{},
-    position:{},
-    rendering:{},
-    scenery:{},
-    sim:{},
-    source:'Models',
-    'surface-positions':{},
-    systems:{},
-    velocities:{},
-};
-
-var setprop=func(prop,value)
-{
-    if(type(prop)!="string")
-        die("setprop: prop is not a string");
-    var path=split('/',prop);
-    var tmp=property_tree;
-    var path_size=size(path);
-    for(var i=0;i<path_size-1;i+=1)
-        tmp=tmp[path[i]];
-    tmp[path[path_size-1]]=value;
-    return;
-}
-var getprop=func(prop)
-{
-    if(type(prop)!="string")
-        die("getprop: prop is not a string");
-    var path=split('/',prop);
-    var tmp=property_tree;
-    foreach(var i;path)
-        tmp=tmp[i];
-    return tmp;
-}
-setprop("aircraft/icao/type",'IDG MD-11');
-
-var print_prop=func(depth,prop)
-{
-    var s='';
-    for(var i=0;i<depth;i+=1)
-        s~='|  ';
-    if(type(prop)!="hash")
-        return;
-    var m=keys(prop);
-    foreach(var elem;m)
-    {
-        print(s,elem,':',prop[elem]);
-        print_prop(depth+1,prop[elem]);
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-print_prop(0,property_tree);

test/props.nas

@@ -9,6 +9,24 @@
 # local node, there is no equivalent of the "relative path" variants
 # available in C++; just use node.getNode(path).whatever() instead.
 #
+
+##
+# Utility.  Turns any ghosts it finds (either solo, or in an
+# array) into Node objects.
+#
+var wrap = func(node) {
+    var argtype = typeof(node);
+    if(argtype == "ghost") {
+        return wrapNode(node);
+    } elsif(argtype == "vector") {
+        var v = node;
+        var n = size(v);
+        for(var i=0; i<n; i+=1) { v[i] = wrapNode(v[i]); }
+        return v;
+    }
+    return node;
+}
+
 var Node = {
     getNode          : func wrap(_getNode(me._g, arg)),
     getParent        : func wrap(_getParent(me._g, arg)),
@@ -166,23 +184,6 @@ var copy = func(src, dest, attr = 0) {
     if(attr) dest.setAttribute(src.getAttribute());
 }
 
-##
-# Utility.  Turns any ghosts it finds (either solo, or in an
-# array) into Node objects.
-#
-var wrap = func(node) {
-    var argtype = typeof(node);
-    if(argtype == "ghost") {
-        return wrapNode(node);
-    } elsif(argtype == "vector") {
-        var v = node;
-        var n = size(v);
-        for(var i=0; i<n; i+=1) { v[i] = wrapNode(v[i]); }
-        return v;
-    }
-    return node;
-}
-
 ##
 # Utility.  Returns a new object with its superclass/parent set to the
 # Node object and its _g (ghost) field set to the specified object.

test/queue.nas

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# lib queue.nas
-var block_alloc=func()
-{
-    return {elem:nil,next:nil};
-}
-var new_queue=func()
-{
-    return {next:nil};
-}
-var queue_push=func(queue,elem)
-{
-    var tmp=queue;
-    while(tmp.next!=nil)
-        tmp=tmp.next;
-    tmp.next=block_alloc();
-    tmp.next.elem=elem;
-}
-var queue_pop=func(queue)
-{
-    var tmp=queue.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        queue.next=tmp.next;
-    return;
-}
-var queue_front=func(queue)
-{
-    var tmp=queue.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        return tmp.elem;
-    return nil;
-}
-var queue_empty=func(queue)
-{
-    return queue.next==nil;
-}

test/quick_sort.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var sort=func(vec,left,right)
+{
+    if(left>=right) return;
+    var (L,R,tmp)=(left,right,vec[left]);
+    while(left<right)
+    {
+        while(left<right and tmp<=vec[right])
+            right-=1;
+        while(left<right and tmp>=vec[left])
+            left+=1;
+        if(left!=right)
+            (vec[left],vec[right])=(vec[right],vec[left]);
+    }
+    (vec[L],vec[left])=(vec[left],tmp);
+    sort(vec,L,left-1);
+    sort(vec,left+1,R);
+    return;
+}
+var vec=[];
+rand(time(0));
+for(var i=0;i<1e4;i+=1)
+    append(vec,int(rand()*1e5));
+sort(vec,0,size(vec)-1);
+println(vec);

test/scalar.nas

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # basic type
+import("lib.nas");
 nil;
 2147483647;
 0x7fffffff;
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ var hash_4={
 
 # function
 var func_1=func(){return 1;}
-var prt=func(x){print(x);return nil;}
+var prt=func(x){println(x);return nil;}
 var func_with_dynamic_id=func(a,b,c,d...){return [a,b,c,d];}
 var func_with_lack_para=func(a,b,c=1,d=2){return a+b+c+d;}
 var func_with_func_para=func(a,f){return f(a);}
@@ -72,21 +73,21 @@ var source={
  member_1: func func_1(),         # this will get a number
  member_2: func {return 2.71828;} # this will get a function
 };
-print(source['member_2']());
-print(source.member_2());
+println(source['member_2']());
+println(source.member_2());
 
 var test_func=func{return 1;}
-print(func test_func());       # 1
-print(test_func());            # 1
-print(func test_func);         # nothing
-print(test_func);              # nothing
-print(([0,1,2,3])[1]);         # 1
-print(({str:"what?"})["str"]); # what?
-print(({str:"what?"}).str);    # what?
+println(func test_func());       # 1
+println(test_func());            # 1
+println(func test_func);         # nothing
+println(test_func);              # nothing
+println(([0,1,2,3])[1]);         # 1
+println(({str:"what?"})["str"]); # what?
+println(({str:"what?"}).str);    # what?
 
 # lambda
 (func(x){return x>0? x:0;})(12);
-(func{print("hello world");})();
+(func{println("hello world");})();
 (((func(x){return 1.0/math.exp(x);})))(0);
 
 # flexible definition & assignment
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ var multi_assign_2=[10,9,8,7];
 ((-1*2+9))/7-1;
 ((({num:2})))["num"]*2*2*2;
 ((((([0,1,2])[0:2]))[0:2]))[1]-1;
-(((((((((((((((((((1+1+2+3+5)+8))+13)))+21))))+34)))))+55))))*89;
+println((((((((((((((((((((1+1+2+3+5)+8))+13)))+21))))+34)))))+55))))*89); # 12727
 number_1*(number_2+number_3)/90-number_4;
 (func test_func)()-1;
 hash_3.member_3+(func {return {what:"i don't tell you.",case_small:80,case_large:100}})()["case_large"]/10;
@@ -123,4 +124,29 @@ nil and 1+7*8;
 (number_1 or number_2) and (number_3 or number_4-number_4*1);
 [0,1,4,3,2][4]*2-4+1*2*2*2*2*2/8;
 {num:0}.num or {what_is_the_secret_of_universe:42}["what_is_the_secret_of_universe"];
-"123"~"456"-123456*2/2;
+"123"~"456"-123456*2/2;
+
+var hash={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
+var tmp_f=hash.f;
+hash=1;
+println(tmp_f());
+# undefined symbol 'me'
+# this means that 
+# when generating local_scope for function f,
+# nasal_gc will not count 'me' as one reference of this hash
+
+var h1={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
+var h2={str:'world',f:func{return nil;}};
+h2.f=h1.f;
+println(h2.f());
+# print 'world'
+# this means that 'me' in hash's functions
+# only points to the hash this function belongs to
+
+var f1=func(){println(1);return 1;}
+var f2=func(){println(2);return 0;}
+f1() or f2();
+# print '1'
+# this means that when using 'or' or 'and',
+# if the result is clear when calculating,
+# objects behind will not be calculated

test/scope.nas

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-var global_value=0;
-var global_hash=
-{
-    var1:1,
-    var2:2,
-    var3:func(){return me.var2;}
-};
-print(global_value);
-print(global_hash.var3());
-
-var func1=func()
-{
-    global_value=1;
-    print(global_value);
-    var closure_value=1;
-    var temp_value=1;
-    print(temp_value);
-    return func{return closure_value;};
-}
-
-var func2=func()
-{
-    for(var temp_value=0;temp_value<100;temp_value+=1)
-    {
-        if(temp_value<10)
-            print(temp_value,"< 10");
-        elsif(10<=temp_value and temp_value<50)
-            print(temp_value,"< 50");
-        temp_value=10;
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-var func3=func()
-{
-    var fake_closure_value=1;
-    return func()
-    {
-        var fake_closure_value=2;
-        return fake_closure_value;
-    };
-}
-
-func1()();
-func2();
-func3()();
-
-if(!global_value)
-{
-    var temp_value=1;
-    if(temp_value)
-    {
-        var temp_value=2;
-        if(temp_value>=1)
-        {
-            var temp_value=3;
-            print(temp_value);
-        }
-        print(temp_value);
-    }
-    print(temp_value);
-}

test/special.nas

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-var hash={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
-var tmp_f=hash.f;
-hash=1;
-print(tmp_f());
-# undefined symbol 'me'
-# this means that 
-# when generating local_scope for function f,
-# nasal_gc will not count 'me' as one reference of this hash
-
-var h1={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
-var h2={str:'world',f:func{return nil;}};
-h2.f=h1.f;
-print(h2.f());
-# print 'world'
-# this means that 'me' in hash's functions
-# only points to the hash this function belongs to
-
-var f1=func(){print(1);return 1;}
-var f2=func(){print(2);return 0;}
-f1() or f2();
-# print '1'
-# this means that when using 'or' or 'and',
-# if the result is clear when calculating,
-# objects behind will not be calculated

test/stack.nas

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# lib stack.nas
-var block_alloc=func()
-{
-    return {elem:nil,next:nil};
-}
-var new_stack=func()
-{
-    return {next:nil};
-}
-var stack_push=func(stack,elem)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    stack.next=block_alloc();
-    stack.next.elem=elem;
-    stack.next.next=tmp;
-}
-var stack_pop=func(stack)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        stack.next=tmp.next;
-    return;
-}
-var stack_top=func(stack)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        return tmp.elem;
-    return nil;
-}
-var stack_empty=func(stack)
-{
-    return stack.next==nil;
-}

test/string.nas

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-var filename="";
-
-filename=input();
-print(filename[0]);

test/trait.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var trait={
+    get:func{return me.val;},
+    set:func(x){me.val=x;}
+};
+
+var class={
+    new:func(){
+        return {
+            val:nil,
+            parents:[trait]
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+var class2={
+    new:func(){
+        return {
+            val:nil,
+            parents:[trait],
+            set:func(x){me.val=typeof(x);}
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+var class_obj=[];
+for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1){
+    append(class_obj,class.new());
+    class_obj[i].set(i);
+}
+for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1){
+    append(class_obj,class2.new());
+    class_obj[10+i].set(i);
+}
+
+foreach(var object;class_obj){
+    println(object.get(),' ',keys(object));
+}

test/turingmachine.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var table=[
+    ['q0','0','1','R','q1'],
+    ['q1','1','1','R','q1'],
+    ['q1','0','0','S','q2'],
+    ['q2','0','1','R','q3'],
+    ['q3',nil,nil,'S','q3']
+];
+var prt=func(state,pointer,paper,act=nil){
+    print(state,':',pointer,':',act!=nil?act:'','\n\t');
+    var s='';
+    foreach(var i;paper)
+        s~=i;
+    s~='\n\t';
+    for(var i=0;i<pointer;i+=1)
+        for(var j=0;j<size(paper[i]);j+=1)
+            s~=' ';
+    print(s,'^\n');
+}
+var run=func(table,node,start,stop){
+    var paper=['0','1','1','1','0','1','0','a'];
+    var pointer=0;
+    foreach(var action;table){
+        if(!contains(node,action[0]))
+            node[action[0]]=nil;
+        if(!contains(node,action[4]))
+            node[action[4]]=nil;
+    }
+    print("nodes: ",keys(node),'\n');
+    if(!contains(node,start))
+        die(start~" is not a valid node");
+    if(!contains(node,stop))
+        die(stop~" is not a valid node");
+    var state=start;
+    prt(state,pointer,paper);
+    while(state!=stop){
+        foreach(var action;table)
+            if(action[0]==state and (action[1]==paper[pointer] or action[1]==' ')){
+                paper[pointer]=action[2]==nil?paper[pointer]:action[2];
+                if(action[3]=='L') pointer-=1;
+                elsif(action[3]=='R') pointer+=1;
+                elsif(action[3]!='S') die("invalid action <"~action[3]~'>');
+                state=action[4];
+                break;
+            }
+        prt(state,pointer,paper,action);
+    }
+}
+
+run(table,{},'q0','q3');

test/ycombinator.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Y combinator by ValKmjolnir
+
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var fib=func(f){
+    return f(f);
+}(
+    func(f){
+        return func(x){
+            if(x<2) return x;
+            var tmp=f(f);
+            return tmp(x-1)+tmp(x-2);
+        }
+    }
+);
+
+for(var i=1;i<31;i+=1)
+    println(fib(i));