avoid unnecessary deep copy by using rvalue ref

and test file update.
bug fixed in test/lexer.nas

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2021 ValKmjolnir
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -1,60 +1,105 @@
-# Nasal Interpreter
+# Nasal Script Language
 
-[![nasal_new_logo](pic/nasal.png?raw=true)](http://wiki.flightgear.org/File:Nasallogo3.png)
-
-# Nasal script language
+## Introduction
 
 [Nasal](http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_scripting_language) is a script language that used in [FlightGear](https://www.flightgear.org/).
 
-There is a Nasal console in FlightGear but sometimes it is not so easy for every developer to use.
+The interpreter is totally rewritten by ValKmjolnir using C++(standard c++11) without reusing the code in Andy Ross's nasal interpreter(<https://github.com/andyross/nasal>). But we really appreciate that Andy created this amazing programming language and his interpreter project.
 
-So this is an interpreter for Nasal written by C++.
+The interpreter is still in development(now it works well --2021/2/15). We really need your support!
 
-The interpreter is still in development.We really need your support!
+Also,i am a member of [FGPRC](https://www.fgprc.org/), welcome to join us!
 
-# Why Writing Nasal Interpreter
+(2021/5/4) Now this project uses MIT license.Edit it if you want, use this project to learn or create more interesting things(But don't forget me XD).
 
-Nasal is a script language first used in Flightgear.
+## Why Writing Nasal Interpreter
 
-But in last summer holiday, members in FGPRC told me that it is hard to debug with nasal-console in Flightgear, especially when checking syntax error.
+Nasal is a script language first used in Flightgear, created by Andy Ross(<https://github.com/andyross>).
+
+But in last summer holiday, members in FGPRC told me that it is hard to debug with nasal-console in Flightgear, especially when checking syntax errors.
 
 So i tried to write a new interpreter to help them checking syntax error and even, runtime error.
 
-I wrote the lexer, parser and runtime(nasal virtual machine/ast-runtime virtual machine) to help checking errors.
+I wrote the lexer, parser and runtimebytecode virtual machine(there was an ast-interpreter,but i deleted it after version4.0) to help checking errors.
 
-They found it easier for them to check errors before copying nasal-codes in nasal-console in Flightgear to test.
+They found it much easier to check syntax and runtime errors before copying nasal-codes in nasal-console in Flightgear to test.
 
-# How to Compile
+Also, you could use this language to write some interesting programs and run them without the lib of Flightgear.
 
-> g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp -o main.exe
-  
-# Lexical Analysis
+You could add your own built-in functions to change this interpreter to a useful tool in your own projects(such as a script in your own game).
 
-The flow chart of lexer is here:
+## How to Compile
 
-[![nasal_lexer.png](pic/nasal_lexer.png?raw=true)](https://github.com/ValKmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter/blob/master/pic/nasal_lexer.png)
+Better choose the latest update of the interpreter.
 
-This picture seems ugly. I will re-draw it later(maybe 1000 years later).
+MUST USE -O2/-O3 if want to optimize the interpreter! pragma gcc optimize(2) seems useless when using g++
 
-# Parser
+> g++ -std=c++11 -O2 main.cpp -o nasal.exe
 
-## Version 3.0
+Or use this in linux/macOS/Unix
 
-I refactored parser and make it easier to maintain.
+> g++ -std=c++11 -O2 main.cpp -o nasal
 
-The EBNF is also refactored.
+## How to Use?
 
-# Abstract Syntax Tree
+Input this command to use interactive interpreter mode:
 
-## Version 1.2
+> ./nasal
+
+Input this command to run scripts directly:
+
+> ./nasal filename
+
+Use these commands to get version of interpreter:
+
+> ./nasal -v | -version
+
+Use these commands to get help:
+
+> ./nasal -h | -help
+
+If your system is Windows and you want to output unicode,please use this command before running nasal interpreter:
+
+> chcp 65001
+
+The interpreter's interactive mode will do this automatically,so you don't need to run this command if you use the interactive interpreter.
+
+## Parser
+
+LL(k) parser.
+
+```javascript
+(var a,b,c)=[{b:nil},[1,2],func{return 0;}];
+(a.b,b[0],c)=(1,2,3);
+```
+
+These two expressions have the same first set,so LL(1) is useless for this language.
+
+Maybe in the future i can refactor it to LL(1) with special checks.
+
+### version 1.0(last update 2019/10/14)
+
+First fully functional version of nasal_parser.
+
+Before version 1.0,i tried many times to create a correct parser.
+
+Finally i learned LL(1) and LL(k) and wrote a parser for math formulas in version 0.16(last update 2019/9/14).
+
+In version 0.17(2019/9/15) 0.18(2019/9/18) 0.19(2019/10/1)i was playing the parser happily and after that i wrote version 1.0.
+
+This project began at 2019/8/31.
+
+## Abstract Syntax Tree
+
+### Version 1.2(last update 2019/10/31)
 
 The ast has been completed in this version.
 
-## Version 2.0
+### Version 2.0(last update 2020/8/31)
 
 A completed ast-interpreter with unfinished lib functions.
 
-## Version 3.0
+### Version 3.0(last update 2020/10/23)
 
 The ast is refactored and is now easier to read and maintain.
 
@@ -64,9 +109,15 @@ Now you can add your own functions as builtin-functions in this interpreter!
 
 I decide to save the ast interpreter after releasing v4.0. Because it took me a long time to think and write...
 
-# Byte Code Interpreter
+### Version 5.0(last update 2021/3/7)
 
-## Version 4.0
+I change my mind.AST interpreter leaves me too much things to do.
+
+If i continue saving this interpreter,it will be harder for me to make the bytecode vm become more efficient.
+
+## Byte Code Interpreter
+
+### Version 4.0(last update 2020/12/17)
 
 I have just finished the first version of byte-code-interpreter.
 
@@ -77,21 +128,563 @@ Now i am trying to search hidden bugs in this interpreter.Hope you could help me
 There's an example of byte code below:
 
 ```javascript
-var (a,b,c)=(1,2,3);
+for(var i=0;i<4000000;i+=1);
 ```
 
 ```asm
+.number 0
+.number 4e+006
 .number 1
+.symbol i
+0x00000000: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000001: loadg  0x00000000 (i)
+0x00000002: callg  0x00000000 (i)
+0x00000003: pnum   0x00000001 (4e+006)
+0x00000004: less   0x00000000
+0x00000005: jf     0x0000000b
+0x00000006: pone   0x00000000
+0x00000007: mcallg 0x00000000 (i)
+0x00000008: addeq  0x00000000
+0x00000009: pop    0x00000000
+0x0000000a: jmp    0x00000002
+0x0000000b: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+### Version 5.0(last update 2021/3/7)
+
+I decide to optimize bytecode vm in this version.
+
+Because it takes more than 1.5s to count i from 0 to 4000000-1.This is not efficient at all!
+
+2021/1/23 update: Now it can count from 0 to 4000000-1 in 1.5s.
+
+### Version 6.0(last update 2021/6/1)
+
+Use loadg loadl callg calll mcallg mcalll to avoid branches.
+
+Delete type vm_scop.
+
+Use const vm_num to avoid frequently new & delete.
+
+Change garbage collector from reference-counting to mark-sweep.
+
+Vapp and newf operand use .num to reduce the size of exec_code.
+
+2021/4/3 update: Now it can count from 0 to 4000000-1 in 0.8s.
+
+2021/4/19 update: Now it can count from 0 to 4e6-1 in 0.4s.
+
+In this update i changed global and local scope from unordered_map to vector.
+
+So the bytecode generator changed a lot.
+
+```javascript
+for(var i=0;i<4000000;i+=1);
+```
+
+```asm
+.number 4e+006
+0x00000000: intg   0x00000001
+0x00000001: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000002: loadg  0x00000000
+0x00000003: callg  0x00000000
+0x00000004: pnum   0x00000000 (4e+006)
+0x00000005: less   0x00000000
+0x00000006: jf     0x0000000c
+0x00000007: pone   0x00000000
+0x00000008: mcallg 0x00000000
+0x00000009: addeq  0x00000000
+0x0000000a: pop    0x00000000
+0x0000000b: jmp    0x00000003
+0x0000000c: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+### Version 6.5(latest)
+
+2021/5/31 update: Now gc can collect garbage correctly without re-collecting,which will cause fatal error.
+
+Add builtin_alloc to avoid mark-sweep when running a built-in function,which will mark useful items as useless garbage to collect.
+
+Better use setsize and assignment to get a big array,append is very slow in this situation.
+
+2021/6/3 update: Fixed a bug that gc still re-collects garbage,this time i use three mark states to make sure garbage is ready to be collected.
+
+Change callf to callfv and callfh.And callfv fetches arguments from val_stack directly instead of using vm_vec,a not very efficient way.
+
+Better use callfv instead of callfh,callfh will fetch a vm_hash from stack and parse it,making this process slow.
+
+```javascript
+var f=func(x,y){return x+y;}
+f(1024,2048);
+```
+
+```asm
+.number 1024
+.number 2048
+.symbol x   
+.symbol y
+0x00000000: intg   0x00000001
+0x00000001: newf   0x00000007
+0x00000002: intl   0x00000003
+0x00000003: offset 0x00000001
+0x00000004: para   0x00000000 (x)
+0x00000005: para   0x00000001 (y)
+0x00000006: jmp    0x0000000b
+0x00000007: calll  0x00000001
+0x00000008: calll  0x00000002
+0x00000009: add    0x00000000
+0x0000000a: ret    0x00000000
+0x0000000b: loadg  0x00000000
+0x0000000c: callg  0x00000000
+0x0000000d: pnum   0x00000000 (1024)
+0x0000000e: pnum   0x00000001 (2048)
+0x0000000f: callfv 0x00000002
+0x00000010: pop    0x00000000
+0x00000011: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+2021/6/21 update: Now gc will not collect nullptr.And the function of assignment is complete,now these kinds of assignment is allowed:
+
+```javascript
+var f=func()
+{
+    var _=[{_:0},{_:1}];
+    return func(x)
+    {
+        return _[x];
+    }
+}
+var m=f();
+m(0)._=m(1)._=10;
+
+[0,1,2][1:2][0]=0;
+```
+
+In the old version,parser will check this left-value and tells that these kinds of left-value are not allowed(bad lvalue).
+
+But now it can work.And you could see its use by reading the code above.To make sure this assignment works correctly,codegen will generate byte code by nasal_codegen::call_gen() instead of nasal_codegen::mcall_gen(),and the last child of the ast will be generated by nasal_codegen::mcall_gen().So the bytecode is totally different now:
+
+```asm
+.number 10
 .number 2
-.number 3
-.symbol a
-.symbol b
-.symbol c
-0x00000000: pone   0x00000000
-0x00000001: load   0x00000000  (a)
-0x00000002: pnum   0x00000001  (2)
-0x00000003: load   0x00000001  (b)
-0x00000004: pnum   0x00000002  (3)
-0x00000005: load   0x00000002  (c)
-0x00000006: nop    0x00000000
-```
+.symbol _
+.symbol x
+0x00000000: intg   0x00000002
+0x00000001: newf   0x00000005
+0x00000002: intl   0x00000002
+0x00000003: offset 0x00000001
+0x00000004: jmp    0x00000017
+0x00000005: newh   0x00000000
+0x00000006: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000007: happ   0x00000000 (_)
+0x00000008: newh   0x00000000
+0x00000009: pone   0x00000000
+0x0000000a: happ   0x00000000 (_)
+0x0000000b: newv   0x00000002
+0x0000000c: loadl  0x00000001
+0x0000000d: newf   0x00000012
+0x0000000e: intl   0x00000003
+0x0000000f: offset 0x00000002
+0x00000010: para   0x00000001 (x)
+0x00000011: jmp    0x00000016
+0x00000012: calll  0x00000001
+0x00000013: calll  0x00000002
+0x00000014: callv  0x00000000
+0x00000015: ret    0x00000000
+0x00000016: ret    0x00000000
+0x00000017: loadg  0x00000000
+0x00000018: callg  0x00000000
+0x00000019: callfv 0x00000000
+0x0000001a: loadg  0x00000001
+0x0000001b: pnum   0x00000000 (10.000000)
+0x0000001c: callg  0x00000001
+0x0000001d: pone   0x00000000
+0x0000001e: callfv 0x00000001
+0x0000001f: mcallh 0x00000000 (_)
+0x00000020: meq    0x00000000
+0x00000021: callg  0x00000001
+0x00000022: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000023: callfv 0x00000001
+0x00000024: mcallh 0x00000000 (_)
+0x00000025: meq    0x00000000
+0x00000026: pop    0x00000000
+0x00000027: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000028: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000029: pone   0x00000000
+0x0000002a: pnum   0x00000001 (2.000000)
+0x0000002b: newv   0x00000003
+0x0000002c: slcbeg 0x00000000
+0x0000002d: pone   0x00000000
+0x0000002e: pnum   0x00000001 (2.000000)
+0x0000002f: slc2   0x00000000
+0x00000030: slcend 0x00000000
+0x00000031: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000032: mcallv 0x00000000
+0x00000033: meq    0x00000000
+0x00000034: pop    0x00000000
+0x00000035: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+As you could see from the bytecode above,mcall/mcallv/mcallh operands' using frequency will reduce,call/callv/callh/callfv/callfh at the opposite.
+
+And because of the new structure of mcall, addr_stack, a stack used to store the memory address, is deleted from nasal_vm, and now nasal_vm use nasal_val** mem_addr to store the memory address. This will not cause fatal errors because the memory address is used __immediately__ after getting it.
+
+## Test data
+
+### version 6.5(i5-8250U windows10 2021/6/19)
+
+running time and gc time:
+
+|file|call gc|total time|gc time|
+|:----|:----|:----|:----|
+|pi.nas|12000049|0.593s|0.222s|
+|fib.nas|10573747|2.838s|0.187s|
+|bp.nas|4419829|1.99s|0.18s|
+|bigloop.nas|4000000|0.419s|0.039s|
+|mandelbrot.nas|1044630|0.433s|0.041s|
+|life.nas|817112|8.557s|0.199s|
+|ascii-art.nas|45612|0.48s|0.027s|
+|calc.nas|8089|0.068s|0.006s|
+|quick_sort.nas|2768|0.107s|0s|
+|bfs.nas|2471|1.763s|0.003s|
+
+operands calling frequency:
+
+|file|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
+|:----|:----|:----|:----|:----|:----|
+|pi.nas|callg|pop|mcallg|pnum|pone|
+|fib.nas|calll|pnum|callg|less|jf|
+|bp.nas|calll|callg|pop|callv|addeq|
+|bigloop.nas|pnum|less|jf|callg|pone|
+|mandelbrot.nas|callg|mult|loadg|pnum|pop|
+|life.nas|calll|callv|pnum|jf|callg|
+|ascii-art.nas|calll|pop|mcalll|callg|callb|
+|calc.nas|calll|pop|pstr|mcalll|jmp|
+|quick_sort.nas|calll|pop|jt|jf|less|
+|bfs.nas|calll|pop|callv|mcalll|jf|
+
+operands calling total times:
+
+|file|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
+|:----|:----|:----|:----|:----|:----|
+|pi.nas|6000004|6000003|6000000|4000005|4000002|
+|fib.nas|17622792|10573704|7049218|7049155|7049155|
+|bp.nas|7081480|4227268|2764676|2617112|2065441|
+|bigloop.nas|4000001|4000001|4000001|4000001|4000000|
+|mandelbrot.nas|1519632|563856|290641|286795|284844|
+|life.nas|2114371|974244|536413|534794|489743|
+|ascii-art.nas|37906|22736|22402|18315|18292|
+|calc.nas|191|124|109|99|87|
+|quick_sort.nas|16226|5561|4144|3524|2833|
+|bfs.nas|24707|16297|14606|14269|8672|
+
+## How to Use Nasal to Program
+
+### basic value type
+
+Nasal has 6 value types.Number,string,vector,hash,function,nil.
+
+Number has 3 formats.Dec,hex and oct;
+
+String has 3 formats.But the third one is often used to declare a character.
+
+Vector has unlimited length and can store all types of values.
+
+Hash is a hashmap that stores values with strings/identifiers as the key.
+
+Function is also a value type in nasal.
+
+```javascript
+var spc=nil;
+
+var a=1;
+var a=2.71828;
+var a=2.147e16;
+var a=1e-10;
+var a=0x7fffffff;
+var a=0xAA55;
+var a=0o170001;
+
+var b='str';
+var b="another string";
+var b=`c`;
+
+var c=[];
+var c=[0,nil,{},[],func(){return 0;}];
+append(c,0,1,2);
+
+var d={
+    member1:nil,
+    member2:'str',
+    'member3':'member\'s name can also be a string constant',
+    "member4":"also this",
+    function:func()
+    {
+        var a=me.member2~me.member3;
+        return a;
+    }
+};
+
+var f=func(x,y,z)
+{
+    return nil;
+}
+var f=func
+{
+    return 1024;
+}
+var f=func(x,y,z,default_para1=1,default_para2=2)
+{
+    return x+y+z+default_para1+default_para2;
+}
+var f=func(x,y,z,dynamic_para...)
+{
+    var sum=0;
+    foreach(var i;dynamic_para)
+        sum+=i;
+    return sum+x+y+z;
+}
+```
+
+### operators
+
+```javascript
+1+2-1*2/1;
+'str1'~'str2';
+(1+2)*(3+4)
+
+1+1 and 0;
+1<0 or 1>0;
+1<=0 and 1>=0;
+1==0 or 1!=0;
+
+-1;
+!0;
+
+a=b=c=d=1;
+a+=1;
+a-=1;
+a*=1;
+a/=1;
+a~='string';
+```
+
+### definition
+
+```javascript
+var a=1;
+var (a,b,c)=[0,1,2];
+var (a,b,c)=(0,1,2);
+(var a,b,c)=[0,1,2];
+(var a,b,c)=(0,1,2);
+```
+
+### multi-assignment
+
+```javascript
+(a,b[0],c.d)=[0,1,2];
+(a,b[1],c.e)=(0,1,2);
+```
+
+### conditional expression
+
+```javascript
+if(1)
+{
+    ;
+}
+elsif(2)
+{
+    ;
+}
+else if(3)
+{
+    ;
+}
+else
+{
+    ;
+}
+```
+
+### loop
+
+```javascript
+while(condition)
+    continue;
+
+for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
+    break;
+
+forindex(var i;elem)
+    print(elem[i]);
+
+foreach(var i;elem)
+    print(i);
+```
+
+### subvec
+
+Use index to search one element in the string will get the ascii number of this character.If you want to get the character,use built-in function chr().
+
+```javascript
+a[-1,1,0:2,0:,:3,:,nil:8,3:nil,nil:nil];
+"hello world"[0];
+```
+
+### special function call
+
+This is of great use but is not very efficient(because hashmap use string as the key to compare).
+
+```javascript
+a(x:0,y:1,z:2);
+```
+
+### lambda
+
+Also functions have this kind of use:
+
+```javascript
+func(x,y){return x+y}(0,1);
+func(x){return 1/(1+math.exp(-x));}(0.5);
+```
+
+### closure
+
+Use closure to OOP.
+
+```javascript
+var f=func()
+{
+    var a=1;
+    return func(){return a;};
+}
+print(f()());
+
+var student=func(name,age)
+{
+    var val={
+        name:name,
+        age:age
+    };
+    return {
+        print_info:func(){println(val.name,' ',val.age);},
+        set_age:   func(age){val.age=age;},
+        get_age:   func(){return val.age;},
+        set_name:  func(name){val.name=name;},
+        get_name:  func(){return val.name;}
+    };
+}
+```
+
+### built-in functions
+
+Must import lib.nas or has these functions' definitions inside your code.
+
+Also you could add builtin functions of your own(written in C/C++) to help you calculate things more quickly.(Advanced usage)
+
+Check built-in functions in lib.nas!
+
+If you want to add your own built-in functions,define the function in nasal_builtin.h.
+
+Definition:
+
+```C++
+nasal_val* builtin_chr(std::vector<nasal_val*>&,nasal_gc&);
+```
+
+Then complete this function using C++:
+
+```C++
+nasal_val* builtin_print(std::vector<nasal_val*>& local_scope,nasal_gc& gc)
+{
+    // get arguments by using builtin_find
+    // find value with index begin from 1
+    // because local_scope[0] is reserved for value 'me'
+    nasal_val* vector_value=local_scope[1];
+    // main process
+    // also check number of arguments and type here
+    // if get a type error,use builtin_err and return nullptr
+    for(auto i:vec_addr->ptr.vec->elems)
+        switch(i->type)
+        {
+            case vm_nil:  std::cout<<"nil";            break;
+            case vm_num:  std::cout<<i->ptr.num;       break;
+            case vm_str:  std::cout<<*i->ptr.str;      break;
+            case vm_vec:  i->ptr.vec->print();         break;
+            case vm_hash: i->ptr.hash->print();        break;
+            case vm_func: std::cout<<"func(...){...}"; break;
+        }
+    // if a nasal value is not in use,use gc::del_reference to delete it
+    // generate return value,use gc::gc_alloc(type) to make a new value
+    // or use reserved reference gc.nil_addr/gc.one_addr/gc.zero_addr
+    return gc.nil_addr;
+}
+```
+
+After that, write the built-in function's name(in nasal) and the function's pointer in this table:
+
+```C++
+struct FUNC_TABLE
+{
+    const char* name;
+    nasal_val* (*func)(std::vector<nasal_val*>&,nasal_gc&);
+} builtin_func[]=
+{
+    {"__builtin_print",builtin_print},
+    {nullptr,          nullptr      }
+};
+```
+
+At last,warp the '__builtin_print' in a nasal file:
+
+```javascript
+var print=func(elems...)
+{
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
+};
+```
+
+In fact the arguments that '__builtin_print' uses is not necessary,So writting it like this is also right:
+
+```javascript
+var print=func(elems...)
+{
+    return __builtin_print;
+};
+```
+
+In version 5.0,if you don't warp built-in function in a normal nasal function,this built-in function may cause a fault when searching arguments,which will cause SIGSEGV segmentation error(maybe).
+
+Use import("") to get the nasal file including your built-in functions,then you could use it.
+
+version 6.5 update:
+
+Use nasal_gc::builtin_alloc in builtin function if this function uses alloc more then one time.
+
+When running a builtin function,alloc will run more than one time,this may cause mark-sweep in gc_alloc.
+
+The value got before will be collected,but stil in use in this builtin function,this is a fatal error.
+
+So use builtin_alloc in builtin functions like this:
+
+```C++
+nasal_val* builtin_keys(std::vector<nasal_val*>& local_scope,nasal_gc& gc)
+{
+    nasal_val* hash_addr=local_scope[1];
+    if(hash_addr->type!=vm_hash)
+    {
+        builtin_err("keys","\"hash\" must be hash");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    nasal_val* ret_addr=gc.builtin_alloc(vm_vec);
+    std::vector<nasal_val*>& ref_vec=ret_addr->ptr.vec->elems;
+    for(auto iter:hash_addr->ptr.hash->elems)
+    {
+        nasal_val* str_addr=gc.builtin_alloc(vm_str);
+        *str_addr->ptr.str=iter.first;
+        ref_vec.push_back(str_addr);
+    }
+    return ret_addr;
+}
+```

lib.nas

@@ -1,167 +1,144 @@
 var import=func(filename)
 {
-    nasal_call_import(filename);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_import(filename);
 }
-var print=func(elements...)
+var print=func(elems...)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
 };
-var append=func(vector,elements...)
+var println=func(elems...)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_push_back(vector,elements);
-    return nil;
+    __builtin_print(elems);
+    elems=['\n'];
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
 }
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
+var append=func(vec,elems...)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_append(vec,elems);
+}
+var setsize=func(vec,size)
+{
+    return __builtin_setsize(vec,size);
 }
 var system=func(str)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_system(str);
-    return;
+    return __builtin_system(str);
 }
 var input=func()
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_input();
+    return __builtin_input();
 }
 var sleep=func(duration)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_sleep(duration);
-    return;
+    return __builtin_sleep(duration);
 }
-var split=func(delimeter,string)
+var split=func(deli,str)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_split(delimeter,string);
+    return __builtin_split(deli,str);
 }
 var rand=func(seed=nil)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_rand(seed);
+    return __builtin_rand(seed);
 }
-var id=func(thing)
+var id=func(object)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_id(thing);
+    return __builtin_id(object);
 }
-var int=func(value)
+var int=func(val)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_int(value);
+    return __builtin_int(val);
 }
-var num=func(value)
+var num=func(val)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_num(value);
+    return __builtin_num(val);
 }
-var pop=func(vector)
+var pop=func(vec)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_pop_back(vector);
+    return __builtin_pop(vec);
 }
-var str=func(number)
+var str=func(num)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_str(number);
+    return __builtin_str(num);
 }
 var size=func(object)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_size(object);
+    return __builtin_size(object);
 }
 var contains=func(hash,key)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_contains(hash,key);
+    return __builtin_contains(hash,key);
 }
 var delete=func(hash,key)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_delete(hash,key);
-    return;
+    return __builtin_delete(hash,key);
 }
 var keys=func(hash)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_keys(hash);
+    return __builtin_keys(hash);
 }
 var time=func(begin_time)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_time(begin_time);
+    return __builtin_time(begin_time);
 }
 var die=func(str)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_die(str);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_die(str);
 }
 var typeof=func(object)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_type(object);
+    return __builtin_type(object);
 }
-var substr=func(str,begin,length)
+var substr=func(str,begin,len)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_substr(str,begin,length);
+    return __builtin_substr(str,begin,len);
+}
+var streq=func(a,b)
+{
+    return __builtin_streq(a,b);
+}
+var left=func(str,len)
+{
+    return __builtin_left(str,len);
+}
+var right=func(str,len)
+{
+    return __builtin_right(str,len);
+}
+var cmp=func(a,b)
+{
+    return __builtin_cmp(a,b);
+}
+var chr=func(code)
+{
+    return __builtin_chr(code);
 }
 
 var io=
 {
-    fin:func(filename)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_finput(filename);
-    },
-    fout:func(filename,str)
-    {
-        nasal_call_builtin_foutput(filename,str);
-        return;
-    }
+    fin: func(filename){return __builtin_fin(filename);},
+    fout:func(filename,str){return __builtin_fout(filename,str);}
 };
 
 var bits=
 {
-    bitxor:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_xor(a,b);
-    },
-    bitand:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_and(a,b);
-    },
-    bitor:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_or(a,b);
-    },
-    bitnand:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_nand(a,b);
-    },
-    bitnot:func(a)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_not(a);
-    }
+    bitxor:  func(a,b){return __builtin_xor(a,b); },
+    bitand:  func(a,b){return __builtin_and(a,b); },
+    bitor:   func(a,b){return __builtin_or(a,b);  },
+    bitnand: func(a,b){return __builtin_nand(a,b);},
+    bitnot:  func(a)  {return __builtin_not(a);   }
 };
 
 var math=
 {
-    e:2.7182818284590452354,
-    pi:3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
-    sin:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_sin(x);
-    },
-    cos:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cos(x);
-    },
-    tan:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_tan(x);
-    },
-    exp:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_exp(x);
-    }, 
-    ln:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_ln(x);
-    },
-    sqrt:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_sqrt(x);
-    },
-    atan2:func(x,y)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_atan2(x,y);
-    },
+    e:     2.7182818284590452354,
+    pi:    3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
+    sin:   func(x)  {return __builtin_sin(x);    },
+    cos:   func(x)  {return __builtin_cos(x);    },
+    tan:   func(x)  {return __builtin_tan(x);    },
+    exp:   func(x)  {return __builtin_exp(x);    }, 
+    ln:    func(x)  {return __builtin_ln(x);     },
+    sqrt:  func(x)  {return __builtin_sqrt(x);   },
+    atan2: func(x,y){return __builtin_atan2(x,y);}
 };
+
+var D2R=math.pi/180;

main.cpp

@@ -1,221 +1,173 @@
 #include "nasal.h"
 
-nasal_lexer    lexer;
-nasal_parse    parse;
-nasal_import   import;
-std::string    inputfile="null";
-nasal_runtime  runtime;
-nasal_codegen  code_generator;
-nasal_bytecode_vm bytevm;
-
-void help()
+void help_interact()
 {
-	std::cout<<">> [\"file\"] input a file name.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [help  ] show help.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [clear ] clear the screen.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [del   ] clear the input filename.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [lex   ] use lexer to turn code into tokens.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [ast   ] do parsing and check the abstract syntax tree.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [run   ] run abstract syntax tree.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [code  ] show byte code.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [exec  ] execute program on bytecode vm.\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [logo  ] print logo of nasal .\n";
-	std::cout<<">> [exit  ] quit nasal interpreter.\n";
+	std::cout
+	<<">> [     ] input a file name to execute.  \n"
+	<<">> [help ] show help.                     \n"
+	<<">> [clear] clear the screen.              \n"
+	<<">> [lex  ] view tokens.                   \n"
+	<<">> [ast  ] view abstract syntax tree.     \n"
+	<<">> [code ] view byte code.                \n"
+	<<">> [exec ] execute program on bytecode vm.\n"
+	<<">> [logo ] print logo of nasal .          \n"
+	<<">> [exit ] quit nasal interpreter.        \n";
+	return;
+}
+void help_cmd()
+{
+	std::cout
+#ifdef _WIN32
+	<<"use command \'chcp 65001\' if want to use unicode.\n"
+#endif
+	<<"nasal             | use interactive interpreter.\n"
+	<<"nasal -h -help    | get help.\n"
+	<<"nasal -v -version | get version of nasal interpreter.\n"
+	<<"nasal filename    | execute script file.\n";
+	return;
+}
+void info()
+{
+	std::cout
+	<<">> Nasal interpreter ver 6.5.\n"
+	<<">> Thanks to https://github.com/andyross/nasal\n"
+	<<">> Code: https://github.com/ValKmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n"
+	<<">> Code: https://gitee.com/valkmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n"
+	<<">> Info: http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_scripting_language\n"
+	<<">> Input \"help\" to get help .\n";
 	return;
 }
-
 void logo()
 {
-    std::cout<<"       __                _      \n";
-	std::cout<<"    /\\ \\ \\__ _ ___  __ _| |  \n";
-	std::cout<<"   /  \\/ / _` / __|/ _` | |    \n";
-	std::cout<<"  / /\\  / (_| \\__ \\ (_| | |  \n";
-	std::cout<<"  \\_\\ \\/ \\__,_|___/\\__,_|_|\n";
+    std::cout
+	<<"       __                _      \n"
+	<<"    /\\ \\ \\__ _ ___  __ _| |  \n"
+	<<"   /  \\/ / _` / __|/ _` | |    \n"
+	<<"  / /\\  / (_| \\__ \\ (_| | |  \n"
+	<<"  \\_\\ \\/ \\__,_|___/\\__,_|_|\n";
     return;
 }
-
-void del_func()
-{
-	lexer.clear();
-	parse.clear();
-	inputfile="null";
-	std::cout<<">> [Delete] complete.\n";
-	return;
-}
-
-void die(std::string stage,std::string filename)
+void die(const char* stage,std::string& filename)
 {
 	std::cout<<">> ["<<stage<<"] in <\""<<filename<<"\">: error(s) occurred,stop.\n";
 	return;
 }
-
-void lex_func()
+void execute(std::string& file,std::string& command)
 {
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
+	nasal_lexer   lexer;
+	nasal_parse   parse;
+	nasal_import  import;
+	nasal_codegen codegen;
+	nasal_vm      vm;
+	lexer.openfile(file);
 	lexer.scanner();
 	if(lexer.get_error())
 	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
+		die("lexer",file);
 		return;
 	}
-	lexer.print_token();
-	return;
-}
-
-void ast_print()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
+	if(command=="lex")
 	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
+		lexer.print_token();
 		return;
 	}
 	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
+	lexer.get_token_list().clear();
 	parse.main_process();
 	if(parse.get_error())
 	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
+		die("parse",file);
 		return;
 	}
-	parse.get_root().print_ast(0);
-	return;
-}
-
-void runtime_start()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
+	if(command=="ast")
 	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
+		parse.get_root().print_ast(0);
 		return;
 	}
 	import.link(parse.get_root());
+	parse.get_root().clear();
 	if(import.get_error())
 	{
-		die("import",inputfile);
+		die("import",file);
 		return;
 	}
-	runtime.set_root(import.get_root());
-	runtime.run();
-	return;
-}
-
-void show_bytecode()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
+	codegen.main_progress(import.get_root());
+	if(codegen.get_error())
 	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
+		die("codegen",file);
 		return;
 	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
+	if(command=="code")
 	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
+		codegen.print_byte_code();
 		return;
 	}
-	import.link(parse.get_root());
-	if(import.get_error())
-	{
-		die("import",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	code_generator.main_progress(import.get_root());
-	code_generator.print_byte_code();
-	return;
-}
-
-void execute()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	import.link(parse.get_root());
-	if(import.get_error())
-	{
-		die("import",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	code_generator.main_progress(import.get_root());
-	bytevm.run(
-		code_generator.get_string_table(),
-		code_generator.get_number_table(),
-		code_generator.get_exec_code()
+	vm.init(
+		codegen.get_str_table(),
+		codegen.get_num_table(),
+		codegen.get_exec_code()
 	);
+	vm.run();
+	vm.clear();
 	return;
 }
-
-int main()
+void interact()
 {
-	std::string command;
 #ifdef _WIN32
 	// use chcp 65001 to use unicode io
 	system("chcp 65001");
-	system("cls");
 #endif
+	std::string command,file="null";
 	logo();
-	std::cout<<">> Nasal interpreter ver 3.0 .\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Code: https://github.com/ValKmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Info: http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_scripting_language\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Input \"help\" to get help .\n";
+	info();
     while(1)
 	{
 		std::cout<<">> ";
 		std::cin>>command;
 		if(command=="help")
-			help();
+			help_interact();
 		else if(command=="clear")
 		{
 #ifdef _WIN32
 			system("cls");
-#endif
-#ifdef _linux_
-			system("clear");
-#endif
-#ifdef TARGET_OS_MAC
-			system("clear");
+#else
+			int rs=system("clear");
 #endif
 		}
-		else if(command=="del")
-			del_func();
-		else if(command=="lex")
-			lex_func();
-		else if(command=="ast")
-			ast_print();
-		else if(command=="run")
-			runtime_start();
-		else if(command=="code")
-			show_bytecode();
-		else if(command=="exec")
-			execute();
 		else if(command=="logo")
 			logo();
 		else if(command=="exit")
-			break;
+			return;
+		else if(command=="lex" || command=="ast" || command=="code" || command=="exec")
+			execute(file,command);
 		else
-			inputfile=command;
+			file=command;
+	}
+}
+int main(int argc,const char* argv[])
+{
+	std::string command,file="null";
+	if(argc==1)
+		interact();
+	else if(argc==2 && (!strcmp(argv[1],"-v") || !strcmp(argv[1],"-version")))
+	{
+		logo();
+		std::cout<<"Nasal interpreter ver 6.5\n";
+	}
+	else if(argc==2 && (!strcmp(argv[1],"-h") || !strcmp(argv[1],"-help")))
+		help_cmd();
+	else if(argc==2 && argv[1][0]!='-')
+	{
+		file=argv[1];
+		command="exec";
+		execute(file,command);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		std::cout
+		<<"invalid command.\n"
+		<<"use nasal -h to get help.\n";
 	}
     return 0;
 }

nasal.ebnf

@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ scalar::=
     |hash {call_scalar}
     |number
     |string
+    |nil
     |'(' calculation ')' {call_scalar}
 ;
 call_scalar::=

nasal.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #pragma GCC optimize(2)
 
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -19,113 +20,101 @@
 #include <stack>
 #include <queue>
 #include <vector>
-#include <map>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
 /*
 	check if a string can be converted to a number
 	if this string cannot be converted to a number,it will return nan
 */
-inline double hex_to_double(std::string str)
+inline double hex_to_double(const char* str)
 {
 	double ret=0;
-	for(int i=2;str[i];++i)
+	for(;*str;++str)
 	{
 		ret*=16;
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'0');
-		else if('a'<=str[i] && str[i]<='f')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'a'+10);
-		else if('A'<=str[i] && str[i]<='F')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'A'+10);
+		if('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+			ret+=(*str-'0');
+		else if('a'<=*str && *str<='f')
+			ret+=(*str-'a'+10);
+		else if('A'<=*str && *str<='F')
+			ret+=(*str-'A'+10);
 		else
-			return std::nan("");
+			return nan("");
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
-inline double oct_to_double(std::string str)
+inline double oct_to_double(const char* str)
 {
 	double ret=0;
-	for(int i=2;str[i];++i)
+	for(;*str;++str)
 	{
 		ret*=8;
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='8')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'0');
+		if('0'<=*str && *str<='8')
+			ret+=(*str-'0');
 		else
-			return std::nan("");
+			return nan("");
 	}
 	return ret;
 }
-inline double dec_to_double(std::string str,int len)
+inline double dec_to_double(const char* str)
 {
-	double ret=0;
-	int i=0;
-	while('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9' && i<len)
-		ret=ret*10+(str[i++]-'0');
-	if(i==len) return ret;
-	if(str[i]!='.' && str[i]!='e' && str[i]!='E')
-		return std::nan("");
-	if(str[i]=='.')
+	double ret=0,negative=1,num_pow=0;
+	while('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+		ret=ret*10+(*str++-'0');
+	if(!*str) return ret;
+	if(*str=='.')
 	{
-		++i;
-		if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-		double num_pow=0.1;
-		while('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9' && i<len)
+		if(!*++str) return nan("");
+		num_pow=0.1;
+		while('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
 		{
-			ret+=num_pow*(str[i++]-'0');
+			ret+=num_pow*(*str++-'0');
 			num_pow*=0.1;
 		}
+		if(!*str) return ret;
 	}
-	if(i==len) return ret;
-	if(str[i]!='e' && str[i]!='E')
-		return std::nan("");
-	++i;
-	if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-	double negative=(str[i]=='-'? -1:1);
-	if(str[i]=='-' || str[i]=='+')
-		++i;
-	if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-	double num_pow=0;
-	for(;i<len;++i)
+	if(*str!='e' && *str!='E')
+		return nan("");
+	if(!*++str) return nan("");
+	if(*str=='-' || *str=='+')
+		negative=(*str++=='-'? -1:1);
+	if(!*str) return nan("");
+	num_pow=0;
+	for(;*str;++str)
 	{
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9')
-			num_pow=num_pow*10+(str[i]-'0');
+		if('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+			num_pow=num_pow*10+(*str-'0');
 		else
-			return std::nan("");
+			return nan("");
 	}
 	return ret*std::pow(10,negative*num_pow);
 }
-double trans_string_to_number(std::string str)
+double str2num(const char* str)
 {
-	double is_negative=1;
-	int len=str.length();
+	bool is_negative=false;
 	double ret_num=0;
-	if(!len) return std::nan("");
-	if(str[0]=='-' || str[0]=='+')
-	{
-		if(len==1) return std::nan("");
-		is_negative=(str[0]=='-'?-1:1);
-		str=str.substr(1,len--);
-	}
-	if(len>1 && str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='x')
-		ret_num=hex_to_double(str);
-	else if(len>1 && str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='o')
-		ret_num=oct_to_double(str);
+	if(*str=='-' || *str=='+')
+		is_negative=(*str++=='-');
+	if(!*str)
+		return nan("");
+	if(str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='x')
+		ret_num=hex_to_double(str+2);
+	else if(str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='o')
+		ret_num=oct_to_double(str+2);
 	else
-		ret_num=dec_to_double(str,len);
-	return is_negative*ret_num;
+		ret_num=dec_to_double(str);
+	return is_negative?-ret_num:ret_num;
 }
 
 /*
 	trans_number_to_string:
 	convert number to string
 */
-std::string trans_number_to_string(double number)
+std::string num2str(double number)
 {
-	std::string res;
-	std::stringstream ss;
+	std::ostringstream ss;
 	ss<<number;
-	ss>>res;
-	return res;
+	return ss.str();
 }
 #include "nasal_lexer.h"
 #include "nasal_ast.h"
@@ -133,8 +122,7 @@ std::string trans_number_to_string(double number)
 #include "nasal_import.h"
 #include "nasal_gc.h"
 #include "nasal_builtin.h"
-#include "nasal_runtime.h"
 #include "nasal_codegen.h"
-#include "nasal_bytecode_vm.h"
+#include "nasal_vm.h"
 
 #endif

nasal_ast.h

@@ -3,230 +3,139 @@
 
 enum ast_node
 {
-    ast_null=0,ast_root,ast_block,
-    ast_nil,ast_number,ast_string,ast_identifier,ast_function,ast_hash,ast_vector,
-    ast_hashmember,ast_call,ast_call_hash,ast_call_vec,ast_call_func,ast_subvec,
+    ast_null=0,
+    ast_root,ast_block,
+    ast_nil,ast_num,ast_str,ast_id,ast_func,ast_hash,ast_vec,
+    ast_hashmember,ast_call,ast_callh,ast_callv,ast_callf,ast_subvec,
     ast_args,ast_default_arg,ast_dynamic_id,
     ast_and,ast_or,
-    ast_equal,ast_add_equal,ast_sub_equal,ast_mult_equal,ast_div_equal,ast_link_equal,
-    ast_cmp_equal,ast_cmp_not_equal,
-    ast_less_than,ast_less_equal,
-    ast_greater_than,ast_greater_equal,
+    ast_equal,ast_addeq,ast_subeq,ast_multeq,ast_diveq,ast_lnkeq,
+    ast_cmpeq,ast_neq,
+    ast_less,ast_leq,
+    ast_grt,ast_geq,
     ast_add,ast_sub,ast_mult,ast_div,ast_link,
-    ast_unary_sub,ast_unary_not,
-    ast_trinocular,
+    ast_neg,ast_not,
+    ast_trino,
     ast_for,ast_forindex,ast_foreach,ast_while,ast_new_iter,
     ast_conditional,ast_if,ast_elsif,ast_else,
     ast_multi_id,ast_multi_scalar,
-    ast_definition,ast_multi_assign,
-    ast_continue,ast_break,ast_return
+    ast_def,ast_multi_assign,
+    ast_continue,ast_break,ast_ret
 };
 
-std::string ast_str(int type)
+const char* ast_name[]=
 {
-    std::string str;
-    switch(type)
-    {
-        case ast_null:         str="null";break;
-        case ast_root:         str="root";break;
-        case ast_block:        str="block";break;
-        case ast_nil:          str="nil";break;
-        case ast_number:       str="number";break;
-        case ast_string:       str="string";break;
-        case ast_identifier:   str="id";break;
-        case ast_function:     str="function";break;
-        case ast_hash:         str="hash";break;
-        case ast_vector:       str="vector";break;
-        case ast_hashmember:   str="hashmember";break;
-        case ast_call:         str="call";break;
-        case ast_call_hash:    str="call_hash";break;
-        case ast_call_vec:     str="call_vector";break;
-        case ast_call_func:    str="call_func";break;
-        case ast_subvec:       str="subvec";break;
-        case ast_args:         str="arguments";break;
-        case ast_default_arg:  str="default_arg";break;
-        case ast_dynamic_id:   str="dynamic_id";break;
-        case ast_and:          str="and";break;
-        case ast_or:           str="or";break;
-        case ast_equal:        str="=";break;
-        case ast_add_equal:    str="+=";break;
-        case ast_sub_equal:    str="-=";break;
-        case ast_mult_equal:   str="*=";break;
-        case ast_div_equal:    str="/=";break;
-        case ast_link_equal:   str="~=";break;
-        case ast_cmp_equal:    str="==";break;
-        case ast_cmp_not_equal:str="!=";break;
-        case ast_less_than:    str="<";break;
-        case ast_less_equal:   str="<=";break;
-        case ast_greater_than: str=">";break;
-        case ast_greater_equal:str=">=";break;
-        case ast_add:          str="+";break;
-        case ast_sub:          str="-";break;
-        case ast_mult:         str="*";break;
-        case ast_div:          str="/";break;
-        case ast_link:         str="~";break;
-        case ast_unary_sub:    str="unary-";break;
-        case ast_unary_not:    str="unary!";break;
-        case ast_trinocular:   str="trinocular";break;
-        case ast_for:          str="for";break;
-        case ast_forindex:     str="forindex";break;
-        case ast_foreach:      str="foreach";break;
-        case ast_while:        str="while";break;
-        case ast_new_iter:     str="new_iterator";break;
-        case ast_conditional:  str="conditional";break;
-        case ast_if:           str="if";break;
-        case ast_elsif:        str="elsif";break;
-        case ast_else:         str="else";break;
-        case ast_multi_id:     str="multi_id";break;
-        case ast_multi_scalar: str="multi_scalar";break;
-        case ast_definition:   str="definition";break;
-        case ast_multi_assign: str="multi_assignment";break;
-        case ast_continue:     str="continue";break;
-        case ast_break:        str="break";break;
-        case ast_return:       str="return";break;
-    }
-    return str;
-}
+    "null",
+    "root","block",
+    "nil","num","str","id","func","hash","vec",
+    "hashmember","call","callh","callv","callf","subvec",
+    "args","deflt_arg","dyn_id",
+    "and","or",
+    "=","+=","-=","*=","/=","~=",
+    "==","!=",
+    "<","<=",
+    ">",">=",
+    "+","-","*","/","~",
+    "unary-","unary!",
+    "trino",
+    "for","forindex","foreach","while","iter",
+    "conditional","if","elsif","else",
+    "multi_id","multi_scalar",
+    "def","multi_assign",
+    "continue","break","return"
+};
 
 class nasal_ast
 {
 private:
-    int line;
-    int type;
+    int         line;
+    int         type;
+    double      num;
     std::string str;
-    double num;
     std::vector<nasal_ast> children;
 public:
-    nasal_ast(int,int);
+    nasal_ast(){line=0;type=ast_null;}
+    nasal_ast(int l,int t){line=l;type=t;}
     nasal_ast(const nasal_ast&);
-    ~nasal_ast();
+    nasal_ast(nasal_ast&&);
     nasal_ast& operator=(const nasal_ast&);
-    void clear();
-    void set_line(int);
-    void set_type(int);
-    void set_str(std::string&);
-    void set_num(double);
-    void add_child(nasal_ast);
-    int         get_line();
-    int         get_type();
-    std::string get_str();
-    double      get_num();
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& get_children();
-    void print_ast(int);
+    nasal_ast& operator=(nasal_ast&&);
+    void   print_ast(int);
+    void   clear();
+    void   add_child(nasal_ast&& ast){children.push_back(std::move(ast));}
+    void   set_line(int l){line=l;}
+    void   set_type(int t){type=t;}
+    void   set_str(std::string& s){str=s;}
+    void   set_num(double n){num=n;}
+    int    get_line(){return line;}
+    int    get_type(){return type;}
+    double get_num(){return num;}
+    std::string& get_str(){return str;}
+    std::vector<nasal_ast>& get_children(){return children;}
 };
 
-nasal_ast::nasal_ast(int init_line=0,int init_type=ast_null)
-{
-    this->line=init_line;
-    this->type=init_type;
-    return;
-}
-
 nasal_ast::nasal_ast(const nasal_ast& tmp)
 {
-    this->line=tmp.line;
-    this->type=tmp.type;
-    this->str=tmp.str;
-    this->num=tmp.num;
-    this->children=tmp.children;
+    line=tmp.line;
+    type=tmp.type;
+    str =tmp.str;
+    num =tmp.num;
+    children=tmp.children;
     return;
 }
 
-nasal_ast::~nasal_ast()
+nasal_ast::nasal_ast(nasal_ast&& tmp)
 {
-    this->children.clear();
+    line=tmp.line;
+    type=tmp.type;
+    str.swap(tmp.str);
+    num =tmp.num;
+    children.swap(tmp.children);
     return;
 }
 
 nasal_ast& nasal_ast::operator=(const nasal_ast& tmp)
 {
-    this->line=tmp.line;
-    this->type=tmp.type;
-    this->str=tmp.str;
-    this->num=tmp.num;
-    this->children=tmp.children;
+    line=tmp.line;
+    type=tmp.type;
+    str=tmp.str;
+    num=tmp.num;
+    children=tmp.children;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+nasal_ast& nasal_ast::operator=(nasal_ast&& tmp)
+{
+    line=tmp.line;
+    type=tmp.type;
+    str.swap(tmp.str);
+    num=tmp.num;
+    children.swap(tmp.children);
     return *this;
 }
 
 void nasal_ast::clear()
 {
-    this->line=0;
-    this->str="";
-    this->num=0;
-    this->type=ast_null;
-    this->children.clear();
+    line=0;
+    str="";
+    num=0;
+    type=ast_null;
+    children.clear();
     return;
 }
 
-void nasal_ast::set_line(int l)
-{
-    this->line=l;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_type(int t)
-{
-    this->type=t;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_str(std::string& s)
-{
-    this->str=s;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_num(double n)
-{
-    this->num=n;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::add_child(nasal_ast ast)
-{
-    children.push_back(ast);
-    return;
-}
-
-int nasal_ast::get_line()
-{
-    return this->line;
-}
-
-int nasal_ast::get_type()
-{
-    return this->type;
-}
-
-std::string nasal_ast::get_str()
-{
-    return this->str;
-}
-
-double nasal_ast::get_num()
-{
-    return this->num;
-}
-
-std::vector<nasal_ast>& nasal_ast::get_children()
-{
-    return this->children;
-}
-
 void nasal_ast::print_ast(int depth)
 {
-    std::string indentation="";
-    for(int i=0;i<depth;++i) indentation+="|  ";
-    indentation+=ast_str(this->type);
-    std::cout<<indentation;
-    if(this->type==ast_string || this->type==ast_identifier || this->type==ast_dynamic_id || this->type==ast_call_hash)
-        std::cout<<":"<<this->str;
-    else if(this->type==ast_number)
-        std::cout<<":"<<this->num;
-    std::cout<<std::endl;
-    int child_size=this->children.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<child_size;++i)
-        this->children[i].print_ast(depth+1);
+    for(int i=0;i<depth;++i)
+        std::cout<<"|  ";
+    std::cout<<ast_name[type];
+    if(type==ast_str || type==ast_id || type==ast_default_arg || type==ast_dynamic_id || type==ast_callh)
+        std::cout<<":"<<str;
+    else if(type==ast_num)
+        std::cout<<":"<<num;
+    std::cout<<'\n';
+    for(auto& i:children)
+        i.print_ast(depth+1);
     return;
 }
 

nasal_import.h

@@ -4,53 +4,34 @@
 class nasal_import
 {
 private:
-    nasal_lexer    import_lex;
-    nasal_parse    import_par;
-    nasal_ast      import_ast;
-    std::vector<std::string> filename_table;
     int error;
-    void die(std::string,std::string);
-    void init();
+    nasal_lexer import_lex;
+    nasal_parse import_par;
+    nasal_ast   import_ast;
+    std::vector<std::string> filename_table;
+    void die(std::string&,const char*);
     bool check_import(nasal_ast&);
-    bool check_exist(std::string);
-    void linker(nasal_ast&,nasal_ast&);
+    bool check_exist(std::string&);
+    void linker(nasal_ast&,nasal_ast&&);
     nasal_ast file_import(nasal_ast&);
     nasal_ast load(nasal_ast&);
 public:
-    nasal_import();
-    int  get_error();
+    int  get_error(){return error;}
     void link(nasal_ast&);
-    nasal_ast& get_root();
+    nasal_ast& get_root(){return import_ast;}
 };
 
-nasal_import::nasal_import()
-{
-    import_lex.clear();
-    import_par.clear();
-    import_ast.clear();
-    filename_table.clear();
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_import::die(std::string filename,std::string error_stage)
+void nasal_import::die(std::string& filename,const char* error_stage)
 {
     ++error;
-    std::cout<<">> [import] in <\""<<filename<<"\">: error(s) occurred in "<<error_stage<<"."<<std::endl;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_import::init()
-{
-    import_lex.clear();
-    import_par.clear();
+    std::cout<<">> [import] in <\""<<filename<<"\">: error(s) occurred in "<<error_stage<<".\n";
     return;
 }
 
 bool nasal_import::check_import(nasal_ast& node)
 {
 /*
-    only this kind of node can be recognized as 'import':
-
+only this kind of node can be recognized as 'import':
     call
         id:import
         call_func
@@ -63,46 +44,39 @@ bool nasal_import::check_import(nasal_ast& node)
         return false;
     if(ref_vec[0].get_str()!="import")
         return false;
-    if(ref_vec[1].get_type()!=ast_call_func)
+    if(ref_vec[1].get_type()!=ast_callf)
         return false;
-    if(ref_vec[1].get_children().size()!=1 || ref_vec[1].get_children()[0].get_type()!=ast_string)
+    if(ref_vec[1].get_children().size()!=1 || ref_vec[1].get_children()[0].get_type()!=ast_str)
         return false;
     return true;
 }
 
-bool nasal_import::check_exist(std::string filename)
+bool nasal_import::check_exist(std::string& file)
 {
     // avoid importing the same file
-    int size=filename_table.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        if(filename==filename_table[i])
+    for(auto& fname:filename_table)
+        if(file==fname)
             return true;
-    filename_table.push_back(filename);
+    filename_table.push_back(file);
     return false;
 }
 
-void nasal_import::linker(nasal_ast& root,nasal_ast& add_root)
+void nasal_import::linker(nasal_ast& root,nasal_ast&& add_root)
 {
     // add children of add_root to the back of root
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=add_root.get_children();
-    int size=ref_vec.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        root.add_child(ref_vec[i]);
+    for(auto& i:add_root.get_children())
+        root.add_child(std::move(i));
     return;
 }
 
 nasal_ast nasal_import::file_import(nasal_ast& node)
 {
     // initializing
-    nasal_ast tmp;
-    tmp.set_line(0);
-    tmp.set_type(ast_root);
-    init();
+    nasal_ast tmp(0,ast_root);
 
     // get filename and set node to ast_null
     std::string filename=node.get_children()[1].get_children()[0].get_str();
     node.clear();
-    node.set_type(ast_null);
 
     // avoid infinite loading loop
     if(check_exist(filename))
@@ -113,43 +87,31 @@ nasal_ast nasal_import::file_import(nasal_ast& node)
     import_lex.scanner();
     if(import_lex.get_error())
     {
-        this->die(filename,"lexer");
+        die(filename,"lexer");
         return tmp;
     }
     import_par.set_toklist(import_lex.get_token_list());
+    import_lex.get_token_list().clear();
     import_par.main_process();
     if(import_par.get_error())
     {
-        this->die(filename,"parser");
+        die(filename,"parser");
         return tmp;
     }
-    tmp=import_par.get_root();
-
+    tmp=std::move(import_par.get_root());
+    import_par.get_root().clear();
     // check if tmp has 'import'
     return load(tmp);
 }
 
 nasal_ast nasal_import::load(nasal_ast& root)
 {
-    nasal_ast new_root;
-    new_root.set_line(0);
-    new_root.set_type(ast_root);
-
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=root.get_children();
-    int size=ref_vec.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-    {
-        if(check_import(ref_vec[i]))
-        {
-            nasal_ast tmp=file_import(ref_vec[i]);
-            // add tmp to the back of new_root
-            linker(new_root,tmp);
-        }
-    }
+    nasal_ast new_root(0,ast_root);
+    for(auto& i:root.get_children())
+        if(check_import(i))
+            linker(new_root,file_import(i));
     // add root to the back of new_root
-    linker(new_root,root);
-
-    // oops,i think it is not efficient if the root is too ... large?
+    linker(new_root,std::move(root));
     return new_root;
 }
 
@@ -164,14 +126,4 @@ void nasal_import::link(nasal_ast& root)
     return;
 }
 
-nasal_ast& nasal_import::get_root()
-{
-    return import_ast;
-}
-
-int nasal_import::get_error()
-{
-    return error;
-}
-
 #endif

nasal_lexer.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #define IS_DIGIT(c)           ('0'<=c&&c<='9')
 #define IS_STRING(c)          (c=='\''||c=='\"'||c=='`')
 // single operators have only one character
-#define IS_SINGLE_OPRATOR(c)  (c=='('||c==')'||c=='['||c==']'||c=='{'||c=='}'||c==','||c==';'||c=='|'||c==':'||\
+#define IS_SINGLE_OPERATOR(c) (c=='('||c==')'||c=='['||c==']'||c=='{'||c=='}'||c==','||c==';'||c=='|'||c==':'||\
 							   c=='?'||c=='`'||c=='&'||c=='@'||c=='%'||c=='$'||c=='^'||c=='\\')
 // calculation operators may have two chars, for example: += -= *= /= ~= != == >= <=
 #define IS_CALC_OPERATOR(c)   (c=='='||c=='+'||c=='-'||c=='*'||c=='!'||c=='/'||c=='<'||c=='>'||c=='~')
@@ -16,18 +16,19 @@
 enum token_type
 {
     tok_null=0,
-    tok_number,tok_string,tok_identifier,
+    tok_num,tok_str,tok_id,
     tok_for,tok_forindex,tok_foreach,tok_while,
     tok_var,tok_func,tok_break,tok_continue,
-    tok_return,tok_if,tok_elsif,tok_else,tok_nil,
-    tok_left_curve,tok_right_curve,
-    tok_left_bracket,tok_right_bracket,
-    tok_left_brace,tok_right_brace,
+    tok_ret,tok_if,tok_elsif,tok_else,tok_nil,
+    tok_lcurve,tok_rcurve,
+    tok_lbracket,tok_rbracket,
+    tok_lbrace,tok_rbrace,
     tok_semi,tok_and,tok_or,tok_comma,tok_dot,tok_ellipsis,tok_quesmark,
     tok_colon,tok_add,tok_sub,tok_mult,tok_div,tok_link,tok_not,
-    tok_equal,
-    tok_add_equal,tok_sub_equal,tok_mult_equal,tok_div_equal,tok_link_equal,
-    tok_cmp_equal,tok_cmp_not_equal,tok_less_than,tok_less_equal,tok_greater_than,tok_greater_equal
+    tok_eq,
+    tok_addeq,tok_subeq,tok_multeq,tok_diveq,tok_lnkeq,
+    tok_cmpeq,tok_neq,tok_less,tok_leq,tok_grt,tok_geq,
+	tok_eof
 };
 
 struct
@@ -36,52 +37,52 @@ struct
     int tok_type;
 }token_table[]=
 {
-    {"for"     ,tok_for          },
-    {"forindex",tok_forindex     },
-    {"foreach" ,tok_foreach      },
-    {"while"   ,tok_while        },
-    {"var"     ,tok_var          },
-    {"func"    ,tok_func         },
-    {"break"   ,tok_break        },
-    {"continue",tok_continue     },
-    {"return"  ,tok_return       },
-    {"if"      ,tok_if           },
-    {"elsif"   ,tok_elsif        },
-    {"else"    ,tok_else         },
-    {"nil"     ,tok_nil          },
-    {"("       ,tok_left_curve   },
-    {")"       ,tok_right_curve  },
-    {"["       ,tok_left_bracket },
-    {"]"       ,tok_right_bracket},
-    {"{"       ,tok_left_brace   },
-    {"}"       ,tok_right_brace  },
-    {";"       ,tok_semi         },
-    {"and"     ,tok_and          },
-    {"or"      ,tok_or           },
-    {","       ,tok_comma        },
-    {"."       ,tok_dot          },
-    {"..."     ,tok_ellipsis     },
-    {"?"       ,tok_quesmark     },
-    {":"       ,tok_colon        },
-    {"+"       ,tok_add          },
-    {"-"       ,tok_sub          },
-    {"*"       ,tok_mult         },
-    {"/"       ,tok_div          },
-    {"~"       ,tok_link         },
-    {"!"       ,tok_not          },
-	{"="       ,tok_equal        },
-    {"+="      ,tok_add_equal    },
-    {"-="      ,tok_sub_equal    },
-    {"*="      ,tok_mult_equal   },
-    {"/="      ,tok_div_equal    },
-    {"~="      ,tok_link_equal   },
-    {"=="      ,tok_cmp_equal    },
-    {"!="      ,tok_cmp_not_equal},
-    {"<"       ,tok_less_than    },
-	{"<="      ,tok_less_equal   },
-    {">"       ,tok_greater_than },
-    {">="      ,tok_greater_equal},
-	{NULL      ,-1               }
+    {"for"     ,tok_for      },
+    {"forindex",tok_forindex },
+    {"foreach" ,tok_foreach  },
+    {"while"   ,tok_while    },
+    {"var"     ,tok_var      },
+    {"func"    ,tok_func     },
+    {"break"   ,tok_break    },
+    {"continue",tok_continue },
+    {"return"  ,tok_ret      },
+    {"if"      ,tok_if       },
+    {"elsif"   ,tok_elsif    },
+    {"else"    ,tok_else     },
+    {"nil"     ,tok_nil      },
+    {"("       ,tok_lcurve   },
+    {")"       ,tok_rcurve   },
+    {"["       ,tok_lbracket },
+    {"]"       ,tok_rbracket },
+    {"{"       ,tok_lbrace   },
+    {"}"       ,tok_rbrace   },
+    {";"       ,tok_semi     },
+    {"and"     ,tok_and      },
+    {"or"      ,tok_or       },
+    {","       ,tok_comma    },
+    {"."       ,tok_dot      },
+    {"..."     ,tok_ellipsis },
+    {"?"       ,tok_quesmark },
+    {":"       ,tok_colon    },
+    {"+"       ,tok_add      },
+    {"-"       ,tok_sub      },
+    {"*"       ,tok_mult     },
+    {"/"       ,tok_div      },
+    {"~"       ,tok_link     },
+    {"!"       ,tok_not      },
+	{"="       ,tok_eq       },
+    {"+="      ,tok_addeq    },
+    {"-="      ,tok_subeq    },
+    {"*="      ,tok_multeq   },
+    {"/="      ,tok_diveq    },
+    {"~="      ,tok_lnkeq    },
+    {"=="      ,tok_cmpeq    },
+    {"!="      ,tok_neq      },
+    {"<"       ,tok_less     },
+	{"<="      ,tok_leq      },
+    {">"       ,tok_grt      },
+    {">="      ,tok_geq      },
+	{nullptr   ,-1           }
 };
 
 struct token
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ struct token
     int line;
     int type;
     std::string str;
+	token(int l=0,int t=tok_null,std::string s=""){line=l;type=t;str=s;return;}
 };
 
 class nasal_lexer
@@ -101,32 +103,20 @@ private:
 	std::string line_code;
 	std::vector<char> res;
     std::vector<token> token_list;
-	std::string identifier_gen();
-    std::string number_gen();
-    std::string string_gen();
+	int  get_tok_type(std::string&);
+	void die(const char*);
+	std::string id_gen();
+    std::string num_gen();
+    std::string str_gen();
 public:
-    void clear();
-	void openfile(std::string);
-	void die(std::string,int,int);
+	void openfile(std::string&);
     void scanner();
     void print_token();
-    int  get_error();
-	std::vector<token>& get_token_list();
+    int  get_error(){return error;}
+	std::vector<token>& get_token_list(){return token_list;}
 };
 
-void nasal_lexer::clear()
-{
-	error=0;
-	res_size=0;
-	line=0;
-	ptr=0;
-	line_code="";
-	res.clear();
-    token_list.clear();
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_lexer::openfile(std::string filename)
+void nasal_lexer::openfile(std::string& filename)
 {
 	error=0;
 	res.clear();
@@ -135,7 +125,7 @@ void nasal_lexer::openfile(std::string filename)
     {
 		++error;
         std::cout<<">> [lexer] cannot open file \""<<filename<<"\".\n";
-        fin.close();
+		fin.close();
         return;
     }
     while(!fin.eof())
@@ -146,18 +136,28 @@ void nasal_lexer::openfile(std::string filename)
         res.push_back(c);
     }
     fin.close();
-	res_size=res.size();
     return;
 }
 
-void nasal_lexer::die(std::string error_info,int line=-1,int column=-1)
+int nasal_lexer::get_tok_type(std::string& tk_str)
+{
+	for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
+		if(tk_str==token_table[i].str)
+			return token_table[i].tok_type;
+	return tok_null;
+}
+
+void nasal_lexer::die(const char* error_info)
 {
 	++error;
-	std::cout<<">> [lexer] line "<<line<<" column "<<column<<": "<<error_info<<"\n";
+	std::cout<<">> [lexer] line "<<line<<" column "<<line_code.length()<<": \n"<<line_code<<"\n";
+	for(auto i:line_code)
+		std::cout<<(i=='\t'?'\t':' ');
+	std::cout<<"^"<<error_info<<'\n';
 	return;
 }
 
-std::string nasal_lexer::identifier_gen()
+std::string nasal_lexer::id_gen()
 {
 	std::string token_str="";
 	while(ptr<res_size && (IS_IDENTIFIER(res[ptr])||IS_DIGIT(res[ptr])))
@@ -167,91 +167,62 @@ std::string nasal_lexer::identifier_gen()
 	// after running this process, ptr will point to the next token's beginning character
 }
 
-std::string nasal_lexer::number_gen()
+std::string nasal_lexer::num_gen()
 {
-	bool scientific_notation=false;// numbers like 1e8 are scientific_notation
-	std::string token_str="";
 	// generate hex number
-	if(res[ptr]=='0' && ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr+1]=='x')
+	if(ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr]=='0' && res[ptr+1]=='x')
 	{
-		token_str="0x";
+		std::string token_str="0x";
 		ptr+=2;
 		while(ptr<res_size && IS_HEX_NUMBER(res[ptr]))
 			token_str+=res[ptr++];
 		line_code+=token_str;
 		if(token_str=="0x")
-		{
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
+			die("incorrect number.");
 		return token_str;
 	}
 	// generate oct number
-	else if(res[ptr]=='0' && ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr+1]=='o')
+	else if(ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr]=='0' && res[ptr+1]=='o')
 	{
-		token_str="0o";
+		std::string token_str="0o";
 		ptr+=2;
 		while(ptr<res_size && IS_OCT_NUMEBR(res[ptr]))
 			token_str+=res[ptr++];
 		line_code+=token_str;
 		if(token_str=="0o")
-		{
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
+			die("incorrect number.");
 		return token_str;
 	}
 	// generate dec number
 	// dec number -> [0~9][0~9]*(.[0~9]*)(e|E(+|-)0|[1~9][0~9]*)
+	std::string token_str="";
 	while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
 		token_str+=res[ptr++];
 	if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='.')
 	{
 		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxx." is not a correct number
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
 		while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
 			token_str+=res[ptr++];
 		// "xxxx." is not a correct number
 		if(token_str.back()=='.')
 		{
 			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
+			die("incorrect number.");
 			return "0";
 		}
 	}
 	if(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]=='e' || res[ptr]=='E'))
 	{
 		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxe" is not a correct number
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
 		if(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]=='-' || res[ptr]=='+'))
 			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='0')
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
 		while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
 			token_str+=res[ptr++];
 		// "xxxe(-|+)" is not a correct number
 		if(token_str.back()=='e' || token_str.back()=='E' || token_str.back()=='-' || token_str.back()=='+')
 		{
 			line_code+=token_str;
-			die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
+			die("incorrect number.");
 			return "0";
 		}
 	}
@@ -259,12 +230,12 @@ std::string nasal_lexer::number_gen()
 	return token_str;
 }
 
-std::string nasal_lexer::string_gen()
+std::string nasal_lexer::str_gen()
 {
 	std::string token_str="";
-	line_code+=res[ptr];
-	char str_begin=res[ptr++];
-	while(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!=str_begin)
+	char str_begin=res[ptr];
+	line_code+=str_begin;
+	while(++ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!=str_begin)
 	{
 		line_code+=res[ptr];
 		if(res[ptr]=='\n')
@@ -274,33 +245,32 @@ std::string nasal_lexer::string_gen()
 		}
 		if(res[ptr]=='\\' && ptr+1<res_size)
 		{
-			++ptr;
-			line_code+=res[ptr];
+			line_code+=res[++ptr];
 			switch(res[ptr])
 			{
-				case 'a':token_str.push_back('\a');break;
-				case 'b':token_str.push_back('\b');break;
-				case 'f':token_str.push_back('\f');break;
-				case 'n':token_str.push_back('\n');break;
-				case 'r':token_str.push_back('\r');break;
-				case 't':token_str.push_back('\t');break;
-				case 'v':token_str.push_back('\v');break;
-				case '?':token_str.push_back('\?');break;
-				case '0':token_str.push_back('\0');break;
+				case 'a': token_str.push_back('\a');break;
+				case 'b': token_str.push_back('\b');break;
+				case 'f': token_str.push_back('\f');break;
+				case 'n': token_str.push_back('\n');break;
+				case 'r': token_str.push_back('\r');break;
+				case 't': token_str.push_back('\t');break;
+				case 'v': token_str.push_back('\v');break;
+				case '?': token_str.push_back('\?');break;
+				case '0': token_str.push_back('\0');break;
 				case '\\':token_str.push_back('\\');break;
 				case '\'':token_str.push_back('\'');break;
 				case '\"':token_str.push_back('\"');break;
 				default:  token_str.push_back(res[ptr]);break;
 			}
+			continue;
 		}
-		else
-			token_str+=res[ptr];
-		++ptr;
+		token_str+=res[ptr];
 	}
 	// check if this string ends with a " or '
-	if(ptr>=res_size)
-		die("["+line_code+"_] get EOF when generating string.",line,line_code.length());
-	++ptr;
+	if(ptr++>=res_size)
+		die("get EOF when generating string.");
+	if(str_begin=='`' && token_str.length()!=1)
+		die("\'`\' is used for string that includes one character.");
 	return token_str;
 }
 
@@ -310,6 +280,7 @@ void nasal_lexer::scanner()
     line=1;
 	ptr=0;
 	line_code="";
+	res_size=res.size();
 
 	std::string token_str;
 	while(ptr<res_size)
@@ -318,67 +289,39 @@ void nasal_lexer::scanner()
 		{
 			// these characters will be ignored, and '\n' will cause ++line
 			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			if(res[ptr]=='\n')
+			if(res[ptr++]=='\n')
 			{
 				++line;
 				line_code="";
 			}
-			++ptr;
 		}
 		if(ptr>=res_size) break;
 		if(IS_IDENTIFIER(res[ptr]))
 		{
-			token_str=identifier_gen();
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-            new_token.str=token_str;
-            new_token.type=0;
-            for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-                if(token_str==token_table[i].str)
-                {
-                    new_token.type=token_table[i].tok_type;
-                    break;
-                }
+			token_str=id_gen();
+			token new_token(line,get_tok_type(token_str),token_str);
             if(!new_token.type)
-                new_token.type=tok_identifier;
+                new_token.type=tok_id;
 			token_list.push_back(new_token);
 		}
 		else if(IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
 		{
-			token_str=number_gen();
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-            new_token.str=token_str;
-			new_token.type=tok_number;
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
+			token_str=num_gen();
+			token_list.push_back({line,tok_num,token_str});
 		}
 		else if(IS_STRING(res[ptr]))
 		{
-			token_str=string_gen();
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-			new_token.type=tok_string;
-			new_token.str=token_str;
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
+			token_str=str_gen();
+			token_list.push_back({line,tok_str,token_str});
 		}
-		else if(IS_SINGLE_OPRATOR(res[ptr]))
+		else if(IS_SINGLE_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
 		{
-			token_str="";
-			token_str+=res[ptr];
+			token_str=res[ptr];
 			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-            new_token.str=token_str;
-			new_token.type=-1;
-            for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-                if(token_str==token_table[i].str)
-                {
-                    new_token.type=token_table[i].tok_type;
-                    break;
-                }
-			if(new_token.type<0)
-				die("["+line_code+"_] incorrect operator.",line,line_code.length());
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
+			int type=get_tok_type(token_str);
+			if(!type)
+				die("incorrect operator.");
+			token_list.push_back({line,type,token_str});
 			++ptr;
 		}
         else if(res[ptr]=='.')
@@ -394,71 +337,35 @@ void nasal_lexer::scanner()
                 ++ptr;
             }
 			line_code+=token_str;
-            token new_token;
-            new_token.line=line;
-            new_token.str=token_str;
-            for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-                if(token_str==token_table[i].str)
-                {
-                    new_token.type=token_table[i].tok_type;
-                    break;
-                }
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
+			token_list.push_back({line,get_tok_type(token_str),token_str});
         }
 		else if(IS_CALC_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
 		{
 			// get calculation operator
-			token_str=res[ptr];
-			++ptr;
-			if(ptr<res.size() && res[ptr]=='=')
-			{
-				token_str+=res[ptr];
-				++ptr;
-			}
+			token_str=res[ptr++];
+			if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='=')
+				token_str+=res[ptr++];
 			line_code+=token_str;
-			token new_token;
-			new_token.line=line;
-			new_token.str=token_str;
-            for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-                if(token_str==token_table[i].str)
-                {
-                    new_token.type=token_table[i].tok_type;
-                    break;
-                }
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_NOTE(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			// avoid note
-			while(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!='\n') ++ptr;
-			// after this process ptr will point to a '\n'
-			// don't ++ptr then the counter for line can work correctly
+			token_list.push_back({line,get_tok_type(token_str),token_str});
 		}
+		else if(IS_NOTE(res[ptr]))// avoid note, after this process ptr will point to a '\n', so next loop line counter+1
+			while(++ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!='\n');
 		else
 		{
-			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			die("["+line_code+"_] unknown character.",line,line_code.length());
-			++ptr;
+			line_code+=res[ptr++];
+			die("unknown character.");
 		}
 	}
+	token_list.push_back({line,tok_eof,""});
+	res.clear();
 	return;
 }
 
 void nasal_lexer::print_token()
 {
-    int size=token_list.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        std::cout<<"("<<token_list[i].line<<" | "<<token_list[i].str<<")\n";
+    for(auto tok:token_list)
+        std::cout<<"("<<tok.line<<" | "<<tok.str<<")\n";
     return;
 }
 
-int nasal_lexer::get_error()
-{
-    return error;
-}
-
-std::vector<token>& nasal_lexer::get_token_list()
-{
-	return token_list;
-}
 #endif

nasal_vm.h

@@ -0,0 +1,850 @@
+#ifndef __NASAL_VM_H__
+#define __NASAL_VM_H__
+
+class nasal_vm
+{
+private:
+    /* reference from nasal_gc */
+    nasal_val**&             stack_top;// stack top
+    /* values of nasal_vm */
+    uint32_t                 pc;       // program counter
+    bool                     loop_mark;// when mark is false,break the main loop
+    std::stack<int>          ret;      // ptr stack stores address for function to return
+    std::stack<int>          counter;  // iterator stack for forindex/foreach
+    std::vector<std::string> str_table;// symbols used in process
+    std::vector<void (nasal_vm::*)()>
+                             exec_code;//function pointer
+    std::vector<uint32_t>    imm;      // immediate number
+    nasal_val**              mem_addr; // used for mem_call
+    nasal_gc                 gc;       // garbage collector
+    
+    void die(std::string);
+    bool condition(nasal_val*);
+    void opr_nop();
+    void opr_intg();
+    void opr_intl();
+    void opr_offset();
+    void opr_loadg();
+    void opr_loadl();
+    void opr_pnum();
+    void opr_pone();
+    void opr_pzero();
+    void opr_pnil();
+    void opr_pstr();
+    void opr_newv();
+    void opr_newh();
+    void opr_newf();
+    void opr_happ();
+    void opr_para();
+    void opr_defpara();
+    void opr_dynpara();
+    void opr_unot();
+    void opr_usub();
+    void opr_add();
+    void opr_sub();
+    void opr_mul();
+    void opr_div();
+    void opr_lnk();
+    void opr_addeq();
+    void opr_subeq();
+    void opr_muleq();
+    void opr_diveq();
+    void opr_lnkeq();
+    void opr_meq();
+    void opr_eq();
+    void opr_neq();
+    void opr_less();
+    void opr_leq();
+    void opr_grt();
+    void opr_geq();
+    void opr_pop();
+    void opr_jmp();
+    void opr_jt();
+    void opr_jf();
+    void opr_counter();
+    void opr_cntpop();
+    void opr_findex();
+    void opr_feach();
+    void opr_callg();
+    void opr_calll();
+    void opr_callv();
+    void opr_callvi();
+    void opr_callh();
+    void opr_callfv();
+    void opr_callfh();
+    void opr_callb();
+    void opr_slcbegin();
+    void opr_slcend();
+    void opr_slc();
+    void opr_slc2();
+    void opr_mcallg();
+    void opr_mcalll();
+    void opr_mcallv();
+    void opr_mcallh();
+    void opr_ret();
+public:
+    nasal_vm():stack_top(gc.stack_top){};
+    void init(
+        std::vector<std::string>&,
+        std::vector<double>&,
+        std::vector<opcode>&);
+    void clear();
+    void run();
+};
+
+void nasal_vm::init(
+    std::vector<std::string>& strs,
+    std::vector<double>&      nums,
+    std::vector<opcode>&      exec)
+{
+    gc.gc_init(nums,strs);
+    gc.val_stack[STACK_MAX_DEPTH-1]=nullptr;
+    str_table=strs; // get constant strings & symbols
+    void (nasal_vm::*opr_table[])()=
+    {
+        &nasal_vm::opr_nop,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_intg,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_intl,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_offset,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_loadg,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_loadl,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_pnum,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_pone,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_pzero,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_pnil,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_pstr,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_newv,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_newh,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_newf,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_happ,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_para,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_defpara,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_dynpara,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_unot,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_usub,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_add,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_sub,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_mul,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_div,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_lnk,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_addeq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_subeq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_muleq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_diveq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_lnkeq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_meq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_eq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_neq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_less,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_leq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_grt,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_geq,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_pop,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_jmp,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_jt,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_jf,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_counter,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_cntpop,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_findex,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_feach,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_callg,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_calll,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_callv,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_callvi,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_callh,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_callfv,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_callfh,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_callb,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_slcbegin,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_slcend,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_slc,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_slc2,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_mcallg,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_mcalll,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_mcallv,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_mcallh,
+        &nasal_vm::opr_ret
+    };
+    for(auto& i:exec)
+    {
+        exec_code.push_back(opr_table[i.op]);
+        imm.push_back(i.num);
+    }
+    loop_mark=true; // set loop mark to true
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::clear()
+{
+    gc.gc_clear();
+    while(!ret.empty())
+        ret.pop();
+    while(!counter.empty())
+        counter.pop();
+    str_table.clear();
+    exec_code.clear();
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::die(std::string str)
+{
+    printf(">> [vm] 0x%.8x: %s\n",pc,str.c_str());
+    loop_mark=false;
+    return;
+}
+bool nasal_vm::condition(nasal_val* val_addr)
+{
+    if(val_addr->type==vm_num)
+        return val_addr->ptr.num;
+    else if(val_addr->type==vm_str)
+    {
+        std::string& str=*val_addr->ptr.str;
+        double num=str2num(str.c_str());
+        if(std::isnan(num))
+            return str.empty();
+        return num;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_nop()
+{
+    loop_mark=false;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_intg()
+{
+    gc.global.resize(imm[pc],gc.nil_addr);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_intl()
+{
+    stack_top[0]->ptr.func->closure.resize(imm[pc],gc.nil_addr);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_offset()
+{
+    stack_top[0]->ptr.func->offset=imm[pc];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_loadg()
+{
+    gc.global[imm[pc]]=(stack_top--)[0];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_loadl()
+{
+    gc.local.back()[imm[pc]]=(stack_top--)[0];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_pnum()
+{
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.num_addrs[imm[pc]];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_pone()
+{
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.one_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_pzero()
+{
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.zero_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_pnil()
+{
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.nil_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_pstr()
+{
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.str_addrs[imm[pc]];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_newv()
+{
+    nasal_val*  vec_addr=gc.gc_alloc(vm_vec);
+    nasal_val** begin=stack_top-imm[pc]+1;
+    auto& vec=vec_addr->ptr.vec->elems;// stack_top-imm[pc] stores the vector
+    vec.resize(imm[pc]);
+    for(int i=0;i<imm[pc];++i)
+        vec[i]=begin[i];
+    begin[0]=vec_addr;
+    stack_top=begin;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_newh()
+{
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.gc_alloc(vm_hash);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_newf()
+{
+    nasal_val* val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_func);
+    val->ptr.func->entry=imm[pc];
+    if(gc.local.empty())
+        val->ptr.func->closure.push_back(gc.nil_addr);// me
+    else
+        val->ptr.func->closure=gc.local.back();// local contains 'me'
+    (++stack_top)[0]=val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_happ()
+{
+    nasal_val* val=stack_top[0];
+    (--stack_top)[0]->ptr.hash->elems[str_table[imm[pc]]]=val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_para()
+{
+    nasal_func* func=stack_top[0]->ptr.func;
+    int size=func->key_table.size();
+    func->key_table[str_table[imm[pc]]]=size;
+    func->default_para.push_back(nullptr);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_defpara()
+{
+    nasal_val* def_val=stack_top[0];
+    nasal_func* func=(--stack_top)[0]->ptr.func;
+    int size=func->key_table.size();
+    func->key_table[str_table[imm[pc]]]=size;
+    func->default_para.push_back(def_val);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_dynpara()
+{
+    stack_top[0]->ptr.func->dynpara=imm[pc];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_unot()
+{
+    nasal_val* val=stack_top[0];
+    int type=val->type;
+    if(type==vm_nil)
+        stack_top[0]=gc.one_addr;
+    else if(type==vm_num)
+        stack_top[0]=val->ptr.num?gc.zero_addr:gc.one_addr;
+    else if(type==vm_str)
+    {
+        double num=str2num(val->ptr.str->c_str());
+        if(std::isnan(num))
+            stack_top[0]=val->ptr.str->empty()?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+        else
+            stack_top[0]=num?gc.zero_addr:gc.one_addr;
+    }
+    else
+        die("unot: incorrect value type");
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_usub()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=-stack_top[0]->to_number();
+    stack_top[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_add()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=stack_top[-1]->to_number()+stack_top[0]->to_number();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_sub()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=stack_top[-1]->to_number()-stack_top[0]->to_number();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_mul()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=stack_top[-1]->to_number()*stack_top[0]->to_number();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_div()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=stack_top[-1]->to_number()/stack_top[0]->to_number();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_lnk()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_str);
+    *new_val->ptr.str=stack_top[-1]->to_string()+stack_top[0]->to_string();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_addeq()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=mem_addr[0]->to_number()+stack_top[-1]->to_number();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=mem_addr[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_subeq()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=mem_addr[0]->to_number()-stack_top[-1]->to_number();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=mem_addr[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_muleq()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=mem_addr[0]->to_number()*stack_top[-1]->to_number();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=mem_addr[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_diveq()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    new_val->ptr.num=mem_addr[0]->to_number()/stack_top[-1]->to_number();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=mem_addr[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_lnkeq()
+{
+    nasal_val* new_val=gc.gc_alloc(vm_str);
+    *new_val->ptr.str=mem_addr[0]->to_string()+stack_top[-1]->to_string();
+    (--stack_top)[0]=mem_addr[0]=new_val;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_meq()
+{
+    mem_addr[0]=(--stack_top)[0];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_eq()
+{
+    nasal_val* val2=stack_top[0];
+    nasal_val* val1=(--stack_top)[0];
+    int a_type=val1->type;
+    int b_type=val2->type;
+    if(a_type==vm_nil && b_type==vm_nil)
+        stack_top[0]=gc.one_addr;
+    else if(a_type==vm_str && b_type==vm_str)
+        stack_top[0]=(*val1->ptr.str==*val2->ptr.str)?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    else if(a_type==vm_num || b_type==vm_num)
+        stack_top[0]=(val1->to_number()==val2->to_number())?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    else
+        stack_top[0]=(val1==val2)?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_neq()
+{
+    nasal_val* val2=stack_top[0];
+    nasal_val* val1=(--stack_top)[0];
+    int a_type=val1->type;
+    int b_type=val2->type;
+    if(a_type==vm_nil && b_type==vm_nil)
+        stack_top[0]=gc.zero_addr;
+    else if(a_type==vm_str && b_type==vm_str)
+        stack_top[0]=(*val1->ptr.str!=*val2->ptr.str)?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    else if(a_type==vm_num || b_type==vm_num)
+        stack_top[0]=(val1->to_number()!=val2->to_number())?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    else
+        stack_top[0]=(val1!=val2)?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_less()
+{
+    --stack_top;
+    stack_top[0]=(stack_top[0]->to_number()<stack_top[1]->to_number())?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_leq()
+{
+    --stack_top;
+    stack_top[0]=(stack_top[0]->to_number()<=stack_top[1]->to_number())?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_grt()
+{
+    --stack_top;
+    stack_top[0]=(stack_top[0]->to_number()>stack_top[1]->to_number())?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_geq()
+{
+    --stack_top;
+    stack_top[0]=(stack_top[0]->to_number()>=stack_top[1]->to_number())?gc.one_addr:gc.zero_addr;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_pop()
+{
+    --stack_top;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_jmp()
+{
+    pc=imm[pc]-1;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_jt()
+{
+    if(condition(stack_top[0]))
+        pc=imm[pc]-1;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_jf()
+{
+    if(!condition(stack_top[0]))
+        pc=imm[pc]-1;
+    --stack_top;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_counter()
+{
+    counter.push(-1);
+    if(stack_top[0]->type!=vm_vec)
+        die("cnt: must use vector in forindex/foreach");
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_cntpop()
+{
+    counter.pop();
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_findex()
+{
+    if(++counter.top()>=stack_top[0]->ptr.vec->elems.size())
+    {
+        pc=imm[pc]-1;
+        return;
+    }
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+    stack_top[0]->ptr.num=counter.top();
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_feach()
+{
+    std::vector<nasal_val*>& ref=stack_top[0]->ptr.vec->elems;
+    if(++counter.top()>=ref.size())
+    {
+        pc=imm[pc]-1;
+        return;
+    }
+    (++stack_top)[0]=ref[counter.top()];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_callg()
+{
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.global[imm[pc]];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_calll()
+{
+    (++stack_top)[0]=gc.local.back()[imm[pc]];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_callv()
+{
+    nasal_val* val=stack_top[0];
+    nasal_val* vec_addr=(--stack_top)[0];
+    int type=vec_addr->type;
+    if(type==vm_vec)
+    {
+        stack_top[0]=vec_addr->ptr.vec->get_val(val->to_number());
+        if(!stack_top[0])
+            die("callv: index out of range:"+num2str(val->to_number()));
+    }
+    else if(type==vm_hash)
+    {
+        if(val->type!=vm_str)
+        {
+            die("callv: must use string as the key");
+            return;
+        }
+        stack_top[0]=vec_addr->ptr.hash->get_val(*val->ptr.str);
+        if(!stack_top[0])
+        {
+            die("callv: cannot find member \""+*val->ptr.str+"\" of this hash");
+            return;
+        }
+        if(stack_top[0]->type==vm_func)
+            stack_top[0]->ptr.func->closure[0]=val;// me
+    }
+    else if(type==vm_str)
+    {
+        std::string& str=*vec_addr->ptr.str;
+        int num=val->to_number();
+        int str_size=str.length();
+        if(num<-str_size || num>=str_size)
+        {
+            die("callv: index out of range:"+num2str(val->to_number()));
+            return;
+        }
+        stack_top[0]=gc.gc_alloc(vm_num);
+        stack_top[0]->ptr.num=(str[num>=0? num:num+str_size]);
+    }
+    else
+        die("callv: must call a vector/hash/string");
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_callvi()
+{
+    nasal_val* val=stack_top[0];
+    if(val->type!=vm_vec)
+    {
+        die("callvi: multi-definition/multi-assignment must use a vector");
+        return;
+    }
+    // cannot use operator[],because this may cause overflow
+    (++stack_top)[0]=val->ptr.vec->get_val(imm[pc]);
+    if(!stack_top[0])
+        die("callvi: index out of range:"+num2str(imm[pc]));
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_callh()
+{
+    nasal_val* val=stack_top[0];
+    if(val->type!=vm_hash)
+    {
+        die("callh: must call a hash");
+        return;
+    }
+    stack_top[0]=val->ptr.hash->get_val(str_table[imm[pc]]);
+    if(!stack_top[0])
+    {
+        die("callh: member \""+str_table[imm[pc]]+"\" does not exist");
+        return;
+    }
+    if(stack_top[0]->type==vm_func)
+        stack_top[0]->ptr.func->closure[0]=val;// me
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_callfv()
+{
+    // get parameter list and function value
+    int args_size=imm[pc];
+    nasal_val** vec=stack_top-args_size+1;
+    nasal_val* func_addr=vec[-1];
+    if(func_addr->type!=vm_func)
+    {
+        die("callfv: must call a function");
+        return;
+    }
+    // push new local scope
+    auto& ref_func=*func_addr->ptr.func;
+    gc.local.push_back(ref_func.closure);
+    // load parameters
+    auto& ref_default=ref_func.default_para;
+    auto& ref_closure=gc.local.back();
+
+    int offset=ref_func.offset;
+    int para_size=ref_func.key_table.size();
+    // load arguments
+    if(args_size<para_size && !ref_default[args_size])
+    {
+        // if the first default value is not nullptr,then values after it are not nullptr
+        die("callfv: lack argument(s)");
+        return;
+    }
+    // if args_size>para_size,for 0 to args_size will cause corruption
+    for(int i=0;i<para_size;++i)
+        ref_closure[i+offset]=(i<args_size)?vec[i]:ref_default[i];
+    // load dynamic argument if args_size>=para_size
+    if(ref_func.dynpara>=0)
+    {
+        nasal_val* vec_addr=gc.gc_alloc(vm_vec);
+        for(int i=para_size;i<args_size;++i)
+            vec_addr->ptr.vec->elems.push_back(vec[i]);
+        ref_closure[para_size+offset]=vec_addr;
+    }
+    
+    stack_top-=args_size;// pop arguments
+    ret.push(pc);
+    pc=ref_func.entry-1;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_callfh()
+{
+    // get parameter list and function value
+    auto& ref_hash=stack_top[0]->ptr.hash->elems;
+    nasal_val* func_addr=stack_top[-1];
+    if(func_addr->type!=vm_func)
+    {
+        die("callfh: must call a function");
+        return;
+    }
+    // push new local scope
+    auto& ref_func=*func_addr->ptr.func;
+    gc.local.push_back(ref_func.closure);
+    // load parameters
+    auto& ref_default=ref_func.default_para;
+    auto& ref_closure=gc.local.back();
+
+    if(ref_func.dynpara>=0)
+    {
+        die("callfh: special call cannot use dynamic argument");
+        return;
+    }
+    int offset=ref_func.offset;
+    for(auto& i:ref_func.key_table)
+    {
+        if(ref_hash.count(i.first))
+            ref_closure[i.second+offset]=ref_hash[i.first];
+        else if(ref_default[i.second])
+            ref_closure[i.second+offset]=ref_default[i.second];
+        else
+        {
+            die("callfh: lack argument(s): \""+i.first+"\"");
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    --stack_top;// pop hash
+    ret.push(pc);
+    pc=ref_func.entry-1;
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_callb()
+{
+    loop_mark=(++stack_top)[0]=(*builtin_func[imm[pc]].func)(gc.local.back(),gc);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_slcbegin()
+{
+    gc.slice_stack.push_back(gc.gc_alloc(vm_vec));
+    if(stack_top[0]->type!=vm_vec)
+        die("slcbegin: must slice a vector");
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_slcend()
+{
+    stack_top[0]=gc.slice_stack.back();
+    gc.slice_stack.pop_back();
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_slc()
+{
+    nasal_val* val=(stack_top--)[0];
+    nasal_val* res=stack_top[0]->ptr.vec->get_val(val->to_number());
+    if(!res)
+        die("slc: index out of range:"+num2str(val->to_number()));
+    gc.slice_stack.back()->ptr.vec->elems.push_back(res);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_slc2()
+{
+    nasal_val* val2=(stack_top--)[0];
+    nasal_val* val1=(stack_top--)[0];
+    std::vector<nasal_val*>& ref=stack_top[0]->ptr.vec->elems;
+    std::vector<nasal_val*>& aim=gc.slice_stack.back()->ptr.vec->elems;
+
+    int type1=val1->type,type2=val2->type;
+    int num1=val1->to_number();
+    int num2=val2->to_number();
+    int ref_size=ref.size();
+    if(type1==vm_nil && type2==vm_nil)
+    {
+        num1=0;
+        num2=ref_size-1;
+    }
+    else if(type1==vm_nil && type2!=vm_nil)
+        num1=num2<0? -ref_size:0;
+    else if(type1!=vm_nil && type2==vm_nil)
+        num2=num1<0? -1:ref_size-1;
+
+    if(num1>=num2)
+    {
+        die("slc2: begin index must be less than end index");
+        return;
+    }
+    else if(num1<-ref_size || num1>=ref_size)
+    {
+        die("slc2: begin index out of range: "+num2str(num1));
+        return;
+    }
+    else if(num2<-ref_size || num2>=ref_size)
+    {
+        die("slc2: end index out of range: "+num2str(num2));
+        return;
+    }
+    for(int i=num1;i<=num2;++i)
+        aim.push_back(i>=0?ref[i]:ref[i+ref_size]);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_mcallg()
+{
+    mem_addr=&gc.global[imm[pc]];
+    (++stack_top)[0]=mem_addr[0];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_mcalll()
+{
+    mem_addr=&gc.local.back()[imm[pc]];
+    (++stack_top)[0]=mem_addr[0];
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_mcallv()
+{
+    nasal_val* val=stack_top[0];
+    nasal_val* vec_addr=(--stack_top)[0];
+    int type=vec_addr->type;
+    if(type==vm_vec)
+    {
+        mem_addr=vec_addr->ptr.vec->get_mem(val->to_number());
+        if(!mem_addr)
+            die("mcallv: index out of range:"+num2str(val->to_number()));
+    }
+    else if(type==vm_hash)
+    {
+        if(val->type!=vm_str)
+        {
+            die("mcallv: must use string as the key");
+            return;
+        }
+        nasal_hash& ref=*vec_addr->ptr.hash;
+        std::string& str=*val->ptr.str;
+        mem_addr=ref.get_mem(str);
+        if(!mem_addr)
+        {
+            ref.elems[str]=gc.nil_addr;
+            mem_addr=ref.get_mem(str);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+        die("mcallv: cannot get memory space in other types");
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_mcallh()
+{
+    nasal_val* hash_addr=stack_top[0];
+    if(hash_addr->type!=vm_hash)
+    {
+        die("mcallh: must call a hash");
+        return;
+    }
+    nasal_hash& ref=*hash_addr->ptr.hash;
+    std::string& str=str_table[imm[pc]];
+    mem_addr=ref.get_mem(str);
+    if(!mem_addr) // create a new key
+    {
+        ref.elems[str]=gc.nil_addr;
+        mem_addr=ref.get_mem(str);
+    }
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::opr_ret()
+{
+    gc.local.pop_back();// delete local scope
+    pc=ret.top();ret.pop();// fetch pc
+    (--stack_top)[0]->ptr.func->closure[0]=gc.nil_addr;// set 'me' to nil
+    stack_top[0]=stack_top[1];// rewrite nasal_func with returned value
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_vm::run()
+{
+    clock_t begin_time=clock();
+    for(pc=0;loop_mark&&!gc.val_stack[STACK_MAX_DEPTH-1];++pc)
+        (this->*exec_code[pc])();
+    if(gc.val_stack[STACK_MAX_DEPTH-1])
+        die("stack overflow");
+    std::cout<<">> [vm] process exited after "<<((double)(clock()-begin_time))/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<"s.\n";
+    return;
+}
+#endif

props.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var props=
+{
+    globals:nil,
+    Node:nil,
+    getNode:func(path,index)
+    {
+        path=split('/',path);
+        var tmp=me.globals;
+        var path_size=size(path);
+        for(var i=0;i<path_size-1;i+=1)
+            tmp=tmp.val[path[i]];
+        if(path_size>0)
+        {
+            if(contains(tmp.val,path[i]~'['~index~']'))
+                return tmp.val[path[i]~'['~index~']'];
+            else
+                return tmp.val[path[i]];
+        }
+        return tmp;
+    }
+};
+
+props.Node=
+{
+    new:func(values=nil)
+    {
+        var result={
+            parents:[props.Node],
+            val:{},
+            type:'GHOST',
+            parent:nil
+        };
+        if(typeof(values)=="hash")
+            result.val=values;
+        return result;
+    },
+    addChild:func(name)
+    {
+        if(!contains(me.val,name))
+        {
+            me.val[name]=props.Node.new();
+            me.val[name].parent=me;
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    },
+    addChildren:func(name,cnt=0)
+    {
+        for(var i=0;i<cnt;i+=1)
+        {
+            var label=name~'['~i~']';
+            me.val[label]=props.Node.new();
+            me.val[label].parent=me;
+        }
+        return;
+    },
+    setValue:func(path,val)
+    {
+        path=split('/',path);
+        var tmp=me;
+        foreach(var label;path)
+            tmp=tmp.val[label];
+        tmp.val=val;
+        if(typeof(val)=='string')
+        {
+            if(val=='true' or val=='false')
+                tmp.type='BOOL';
+            else
+                tmp.type='STRING';
+        }
+        elsif(typeof(val)=='number')
+            tmp.type='DOUBLE';
+        return;
+    },
+    setIntValue:func(num)
+    {
+        me.val=num;
+        me.type='INT';
+        return;
+    },
+    setBoolValue:func(state)
+    {
+        me.val=state;
+        me.type='BOOL';
+        return;
+    },
+    setDoubleValue:func(num)
+    {
+        me.val=num;
+        me.type='DOUBLE';
+        return;
+    },
+    getValue:func(){return me.val;},
+    getName:func()
+    {
+        var val=me.parent.val;
+        var key=keys(val);
+        foreach(var k;key)
+            if(val[k]==me)
+                return k;
+        return '';
+    },
+    getParent:func()
+    {
+        return me.parent;
+    },
+    getPath:func()
+    {
+        if(me.parent==nil) return '';
+        return me.parent.getPath()~'/'~me.getName();
+    },
+    equals:func(node){return me==node;},
+    debug:func(s='')
+    {
+        if(typeof(me.val)=='hash')
+        {
+            var key=keys(me.val);
+            println('{');
+            foreach(var k;key)
+            {
+                print(s~'  ',k,':');
+                me.val[k].debug(s~'  ');
+            }
+            println(s,'}');
+        }
+        else
+            println(me.val,' (',me.type,')');
+        return;
+    }
+};
+
+props.globals=props.Node.new();
+var c=['aircraft','ai','models','position','orientation','controls','sim'];
+foreach(var i;c)
+    props.getNode('/',1).addChild(i);
+props.getNode('/ai',1).addChildren('ai',4);
+props.getNode('/aircraft',1).setValue('/','IDG MD-11');
+for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
+    props.getNode('/ai/ai['~i~']',1).setBoolValue('true');
+props.getNode('/models',1).addChildren('building',4);
+for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
+    props.getNode('/models/building['~i~']',1).setIntValue(i);
+props.getNode('/',1).addChild('test');
+props.getNode('/test',1).addChildren('in',4);
+props.getNode('/test/in',0).setValue('/','true');
+props.getNode('/test/in',1).setValue('/','false');
+props.getNode('/test/in',2).setValue('/','welcome aboard,need help? use help->tutorial');
+props.getNode('/test/in',3).setValue('/',2147483648);
+props.globals.debug();
+println(props.getNode('/test/in',3).getPath());

stl/lib.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+var import=func(filename)
+{
+    return __builtin_import(filename);
+}
+var print=func(elems...)
+{
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
+};
+var println=func(elems...)
+{
+    __builtin_print(elems);
+    elems=['\n'];
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
+}
+var append=func(vec,elems...)
+{
+    return __builtin_append(vec,elems);
+}
+var setsize=func(vec,size)
+{
+    return __builtin_setsize(vec,size);
+}
+var system=func(str)
+{
+    return __builtin_system(str);
+}
+var input=func()
+{
+    return __builtin_input();
+}
+var sleep=func(duration)
+{
+    return __builtin_sleep(duration);
+}
+var split=func(deli,str)
+{
+    return __builtin_split(deli,str);
+}
+var rand=func(seed=nil)
+{
+    return __builtin_rand(seed);
+}
+var id=func(object)
+{
+    return __builtin_id(object);
+}
+var int=func(val)
+{
+    return __builtin_int(val);
+}
+var num=func(val)
+{
+    return __builtin_num(val);
+}
+var pop=func(vec)
+{
+    return __builtin_pop(vec);
+}
+var str=func(num)
+{
+    return __builtin_str(num);
+}
+var size=func(object)
+{
+    return __builtin_size(object);
+}
+var contains=func(hash,key)
+{
+    return __builtin_contains(hash,key);
+}
+var delete=func(hash,key)
+{
+    return __builtin_delete(hash,key);
+}
+var keys=func(hash)
+{
+    return __builtin_keys(hash);
+}
+var time=func(begin_time)
+{
+    return __builtin_time(begin_time);
+}
+var die=func(str)
+{
+    return __builtin_die(str);
+}
+var typeof=func(object)
+{
+    return __builtin_type(object);
+}
+var substr=func(str,begin,len)
+{
+    return __builtin_substr(str,begin,len);
+}
+var streq=func(a,b)
+{
+    return __builtin_streq(a,b);
+}
+var left=func(str,len)
+{
+    return __builtin_left(str,len);
+}
+var right=func(str,len)
+{
+    return __builtin_right(str,len);
+}
+var cmp=func(a,b)
+{
+    return __builtin_cmp(a,b);
+}
+var chr=func(code)
+{
+    return __builtin_chr(code);
+}
+
+var io=
+{
+    fin: func(filename){return __builtin_fin(filename);},
+    fout:func(filename,str){return __builtin_fout(filename,str);}
+};
+
+var bits=
+{
+    bitxor:  func(a,b){return __builtin_xor(a,b); },
+    bitand:  func(a,b){return __builtin_and(a,b); },
+    bitor:   func(a,b){return __builtin_or(a,b);  },
+    bitnand: func(a,b){return __builtin_nand(a,b);},
+    bitnot:  func(a)  {return __builtin_not(a);   }
+};
+
+var math=
+{
+    e:     2.7182818284590452354,
+    pi:    3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
+    sin:   func(x)  {return __builtin_sin(x);    },
+    cos:   func(x)  {return __builtin_cos(x);    },
+    tan:   func(x)  {return __builtin_tan(x);    },
+    exp:   func(x)  {return __builtin_exp(x);    }, 
+    ln:    func(x)  {return __builtin_ln(x);     },
+    sqrt:  func(x)  {return __builtin_sqrt(x);   },
+    atan2: func(x,y){return __builtin_atan2(x,y);}
+};
+
+var D2R=math.pi/180;

stl/list.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+# lib list.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var list=func()
+{
+    var _={begin:nil,end:nil};
+    return
+    {
+        push_back:func(elem)
+        {
+            var tmp={elem:elem,prev:nil,next:nil};
+            if(_.end!=nil)
+            {
+                _.end.next=tmp;
+                tmp.prev=_.end;
+                _.end=tmp;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _.begin=tmp;
+                _.end=tmp;
+            }
+            return;
+        },
+        push_front:func(elem)
+        {
+            var tmp={elem:elem,prev:nil,next:nil};
+            if(_.begin!=nil)
+            {
+                _.begin.prev=tmp;
+                tmp.next=_.begin;
+                _.begin=tmp;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _.begin=tmp;
+                _.end=tmp;
+            }
+            return;
+        },
+        pop_back:func()
+        {
+            if(_.end!=nil)
+                _.end=_.end.prev;
+            if(_.end==nil)
+                _.begin=nil;
+            else
+                _.end.next=nil;
+            return;
+        },
+        pop_front:func()
+        {
+            if(_.begin!=nil)
+                _.begin=_.begin.next;
+            if(_.begin==nil)
+                _.end=nil;
+            else
+                _.begin.prev=nil;
+            return;
+        },
+        front:func()
+        {
+            if(_.begin!=nil)
+                return _.begin.elem;
+            return nil;
+        },
+        back:func()
+        {
+            if(_.end!=nil)
+                return _.end.elem;
+            return nil;
+        },
+    };
+}

stl/queue.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# lib queue.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var queue=func()
+{
+    var _={begin:nil,end:nil};
+    return
+    {
+        push:func(elem)
+        {
+            var new_node=
+            {
+                elem:elem,
+                next:nil
+            };
+            if(_.begin==nil)
+                _.begin=_.end=new_node;
+            else
+            {
+                _.end.next=new_node;
+                _.end=new_node;
+            }
+            return;
+        },
+        pop:func()
+        {
+            if(_.begin!=nil)
+                _.begin=_.begin.next;
+            if(_.begin==nil)
+                _.end=nil;
+        },
+        front:func()
+        {
+            if(_.begin!=nil)
+                return _.begin.elem;
+            return nil;
+        },
+        clear:func()
+        {
+            _.begin=_.end=nil;
+        },
+        empty:func()
+        {
+            return _.begin==nil;
+        }
+    };
+}

stl/sort.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# lib sort.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/4/2
+var sort=func(vec,left,right,cmp=func(a,b){return a<=b;})
+{
+    if(left>=right) return nil;
+    var L=left;
+    var R=right;
+    var tmp=vec[L];
+    while(left<right)
+    {
+        while(left<right and cmp(tmp,vec[right]))
+            right-=1;
+        while(left<right and cmp(vec[left],tmp))
+            left+=1;
+        if(left!=right)
+        {
+            var t=vec[left];
+            vec[left]=vec[right];
+            vec[right]=t;
+        }
+    }
+    vec[L]=vec[left];
+    vec[left]=tmp;
+    sort(vec,L,left-1,cmp);
+    sort(vec,left+1,R,cmp);
+    return nil;
+}

stl/stack.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# lib stack.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var stack=func()
+{
+    var _={next:nil};
+    return
+    {
+        push:func(elem)
+        {
+            _.next={elem:elem,next:_.next};
+            return;
+        },
+        pop:func()
+        {
+            var tmp=_.next;
+            if(tmp!=nil)
+                _.next=tmp.next;
+            return;
+        },
+        top:func()
+        {
+            var tmp=_.next;
+            if(tmp!=nil)
+                return tmp.elem;
+            return nil;
+        },
+        clear:func()
+        {
+            _.next=nil;
+        },
+        empty:func()
+        {
+            return _.next==nil;
+        }
+    };
+}

test/NasNeuron.nas

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-# NasNeuron lib written by ValKmjolnir
-
-# Basic Class NasMatrix
-# NasMatGen  : generate a new matrix
-# NasMatAdd  : add two matrixes
-# NasMatSub  : sub two matrixes
-# NasMatMul  : multiply two matrix
-# NasMatTrans: transpose a matrix
-# NasMatPrt  : print a matrix
-var NasMatrix=
-{
-    NasMatGen:func(row,col)
-    {
-        var GenMat={Row:row,Col:col,Elem:[]};
-        for(var i=0;i<row;i+=1)
-        {
-            var TmpVec=[];
-            for(var j=0;j<col;j+=1)
-                append(TmpVec,0);
-            append(GenMat.Elem,TmpVec);
-        }
-        return GenMat;
-    },
-    NasMatAdd:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        var ResultMat=nil;
-        if(mat1.Row==mat2.Row and mat1.Col==mat2.Col)
-        {
-            ResultMat=me.NasMatGen(mat1.Row,mat1.Col);
-            for(var i=0;i<ResultMat.Row;i+=1)
-                for(var j=0;j<ResultMat.Col;j+=1)
-                    ResultMat.Elem[i][j]=mat1.Elem[i][j]+mat2.Elem[i][j];
-        }
-        else
-            print("NasNeuron: Mat1 and Mat2 have different rows and cols.");
-        return ResultMat;
-    },
-    NasMatSub:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        var ResultMat=nil;
-        if(mat1.Row==mat2.Row and mat1.Col==mat2.Col)
-        {
-            ResultMat=me.NasMatGen(mat1.Row,mat1.Col);
-            for(var i=0;i<ResultMat.Row;i+=1)
-                for(var j=0;j<ResultMat.Col;j+=1)
-                    ResultMat.Elem[i][j]=mat1.Elem[i][j]-mat2.Elem[i][j];
-        }
-        else
-            print("NasNeuron: Mat1 and Mat2 have different rows and cols.");
-        return ResultMat;
-    },
-    NasMatMul:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        var ResultMat=nil;
-        if(mat1.Col==mat2.Row)
-        {
-            ResultMat=me.NasMatGen(mat1.Row,mat2.Col);
-            for(var i=0;i<ResultMat.Row;i+=1)
-                for(var j=0;j<ResultMat.Col;j+=1)
-                {
-                    var sum=0;
-                    for(var k=0;k<mat1.Col;k+=1)
-                        sum+=mat1.Elem[i][k]*mat2.Elem[k][j];
-                    ResultMat.Elem[i][j]=sum;
-                }  
-        }
-        else
-            print("NasNeuron: Mat1's Col is different from Mat2's Row.");
-        return ResultMat;
-    },
-    NasMatTrans:func(mat)
-    {
-        var ResultMat=nil;
-        ResultMat=me.NasMatGen(mat.Col,mat.Row);
-        for(var i=0;i<ResultMat.Row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<ResultMat.Col;j+=1)
-                ResultMat.Elem[i][j]=mat.Elem[j][i];
-        return ResultMat;
-    },
-    NasMatPrt:func(mat)
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<mat.Row;i+=1)
-        {
-            for(var j=0;j<mat.Col;j+=1)
-                print(mat.Elem[i][j],' ');
-            print('\n');
-        }
-        return nil;
-    }
-};
-
-NasMatrix.NasMatPrt(
-    NasMatrix.NasMatGen(
-        10,100
-        )
-    );

test/ai.nas

@@ -1,335 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-var activate_function=
-{
-    sigmoid_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-x));
-    },
-    diffsigmoid_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t=func(x){return 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-x));}(x);
-        return t*(1-t);
-    },
-    tanh_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t1=math.exp(x);
-        var t2=math.exp(-x);
-        return (t1-t2)/(t1+t2);
-    },
-    difftanh_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t1=math.exp(x);
-        var t2=math.exp(-x);
-        var t=(t1-t2)/(t1+t2);
-        return 1-t*t;
-    },
-    relu_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return x>0? x:0;
-    },
-    diffrelu_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return x>0;
-    },
-    leaky_relu_func:func(k,x)
-    {
-        return x>0? x:k*x;
-    },
-    diffleaky_relu_func:func(k,x)
-    {
-        return x>0? 1:k;
-    }
-};
-
-var matrix=
-{
-    new:func(col,row)
-    {
-        var new_mat=
-        {
-            col:col,
-            row:row,
-            mat:[]
-        };
-        for(var i=0;i<row;i+=1)
-        {
-            append(new_mat.mat,[]);
-            for(var j=0;j<col;j+=1)
-                append(new_mat.mat[i],nil);
-        }
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    srand:func(x)
-    {
-        rand(x);
-        return nil;
-    },
-    rand_init:func(mat)
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<mat.col;j+=1)
-            {
-                if(rand()>0.5)
-                    mat.mat[i][j]=-rand();
-                else
-                    mat.mat[i][j]=rand();
-            }
-        return;
-    },
-    prt_mat:func(mat)
-    {
-        var prt_s='[\n';
-        foreach(var i;mat.mat)
-        {
-            var s='[';
-            foreach(var j;i)
-                s~=(j~',');
-            s~='],\n';
-            prt_s~=s;
-        }
-        prt_s~=']';
-        print(prt_s);
-        return nil;
-    },
-    mult_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-mult] mat1\'s col does not match mat2\'s row.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat2.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-            {
-                var sum=0;
-                for(var k=0;k<mat1.col;k+=1)
-                    sum+=mat1.mat[i][k]*mat2.mat[k][j];
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=sum;
-            }
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    add_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-add] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]+mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    sub_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-sub] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]-mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    hadamard:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-hadamard] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]*mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    transpose:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.row,mat.col);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat.mat[j][i];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    sigmoid:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.sigmoid_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffsigmoid:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffsigmoid_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    tanh:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.tanh_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    difftanh:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.difftanh_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    relu:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.relu_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffrelu:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffrelu_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    leaky_relu:func(k,mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.leaky_relu_func(k,mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffleaky_relu:func(k,mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffleaky_relu_func(k,mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    }
-};
-
-var bp=
-{
-    inum:2,
-    hnum:4,
-    onum:1,
-    learning_rate:nil,
-    hidden_layer:nil,
-    hidden_res:nil,
-    output_layer:nil,
-    output_res:nil,
-    result:nil,
-    training_set:[],
-    expect_set:[],
-    init:func()
-    {
-        matrix.srand(time(0));
-        me.hidden_layer=matrix.new(me.hnum,me.inum);
-        matrix.rand_init(me.hidden_layer);
-        me.output_layer=matrix.new(me.onum,me.hnum);
-        matrix.rand_init(me.output_layer);
-        return;
-    },
-    set_learning_rate:func(lr)
-    {
-        me.learning_rate=matrix.new(me.onum,1);
-        for(var i=0;i<me.onum;i+=1)
-            me.learning_rate.mat[i][0]=lr;
-        return;
-    },
-    set_training_set:func()
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            append(me.training_set,matrix.new(me.inum,1));
-        me.training_set[0].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.training_set[0].mat[0][1]=0;
-        me.training_set[1].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.training_set[1].mat[0][1]=1;
-        me.training_set[2].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.training_set[2].mat[0][1]=0;
-        me.training_set[3].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.training_set[3].mat[0][1]=1;
-        return;
-    },
-    set_expect_set:func()
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            append(me.expect_set,matrix.new(me.onum,1))
-        me.expect_set[0].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.expect_set[1].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.expect_set[2].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.expect_set[3].mat[0][0]=0;
-        return;
-    },
-    forward:func(i)
-    {
-        var tmp=nil;
-        me.hidden_res=matrix.mult_mat(me.training_set[i],me.hidden_layer);
-        tmp=matrix.sigmoid(me.hidden_res);
-        me.output_res=matrix.mult_mat(tmp,me.output_layer);
-        tmp=matrix.sigmoid(me.output_res);
-        me.result=tmp;
-        return;
-    },
-    backward:func(i)
-    {
-        var output_diff=matrix.sub_mat(me.expect_set[i],me.result);
-        output_diff=matrix.hadamard(output_diff,me.learning_rate);
-        output_diff=matrix.hadamard(output_diff,matrix.diffsigmoid(me.output_res));
-        output_diff=matrix.mult_mat(output_diff,matrix.transpose(me.output_layer));
-        matrix.prt_mat(output_diff);
-        var hidden_diff=matrix.mult_mat();
-        matrix.prt_mat(hidden_diff);
-
-        output_layer=matrix.add_mat(output_layer,output_diff);
-        var error=0;
-        foreach(var i;tmp.mat[0])
-            error+=i;
-        error*=0.5;
-        return error;
-    },
-    training_process:func()
-    {
-        var cnt=0;
-        var error=1e8;
-        while(error>0.01)
-        {
-            error=0;
-            for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            {
-                me.forward(i);
-                error+=me.backward(i);
-            }
-            print(error);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-};
-var main=func()
-{
-    bp.init();
-    bp.set_learning_rate(0.1);
-    bp.set_training_set();
-    bp.set_expect_set();
-    bp.training_process();
-    return nil;
-}
-
-# var (a,b,c)=[1,2,3];
-# (a,b,c)=(b,c,a);
-# print(a,b,c);
-main();

test/ascii-art.nas

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ var char_ttf=[
     ["    ████╗","   ██╔██║","  ██╔╝██║"," ███████║","██╔═══██║","╚═╝   ╚═╝"],
     ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██████╔╝","██╔══██╗","██████╔╝","╚═════╝ "],
     [" ██████╗","██╔════╝","██║     ","██║     ","╚██████╗"," ╚═════╝"],
-    ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██║  ██║","██║  ██║","██████╔╝","╚═════╝  "],
+    ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██║  ██║","██║  ██║","██████╔╝","╚═════╝ "],
     ["███████╗","██╔════╝","█████╗  ","██╔══╝  ","███████╗","╚══════╝"],
     ["███████╗","██╔════╝","█████╗  ","██╔══╝  ","██║     ","╚═╝     "],
     [" █████╗ ","██╔═══╝ ","██║ ██╗ ","██║ ╚██╗","╚█████╔╝"," ╚════╝ "],
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ var trans_ttf=func(string)
                 str[j]~=char_ttf[0][j];
     }
     foreach(var i;str)
-        print(i);
+        println(i);
     return;
 }
 var curve1=func()
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ var curve1=func()
     var shadow=["░","▒","▓","█","▀","▄","▐","▌"];
     rand(100);
     var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
+    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
     {
-        for(var j=0;j<100;j+=1)
+        for(var j=0;j<40;j+=1)
             s~=shadow[int(8*rand())];
         s~='\n';
     }
@@ -66,28 +66,15 @@ var curve2=func()
     var table=["╚","═","╝","╔","║","╗"];
     rand(100);
     var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
+    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
     {
-        for(var j=0;j<100;j+=1)
+        for(var j=0;j<40;j+=1)
             s~=table[int(6*rand())];
         s~='\n';
     }
     print(s);
 }
 var curve3=func()
-{
-    var block=["░░","▒▒","▓▓","██","▀▀","▄▄","▄▀","▀▄","▐▐","▌▌"];
-    rand(100);
-    var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
-    {
-        for(var j=0;j<50;j+=1)
-            s~=block[int(10*rand())];
-        s~='\n';
-    }
-    print(s);
-}
-var curve4=func()
 {
     var s=["","","","","",""];
     var cnt=0;
@@ -100,7 +87,7 @@ var curve4=func()
         {
             forindex(var i;s)
             {
-                print(s[i]);
+                println(s[i]);
                 s[i]='';
             }
             cnt=0;
@@ -108,12 +95,12 @@ var curve4=func()
     }
     return;
 }
-var curve5=func()
+var curve4=func()
 {
-    for(var loop=0;loop<100;loop+=1)
+    var arr=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
+    for(var loop=0;loop<10;loop+=1)
     {
-        var arr=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
-        for(var i=17;i>=0;i-=1)
+        for(var i=26;i>=0;i-=1)
         {
             var rand_index=int(i*rand());
             (arr[i],arr[rand_index])=(arr[rand_index],arr[i]);
@@ -123,13 +110,13 @@ var curve5=func()
         var s="";
         for(var i=0;i<size(arr);i+=1)
                 s~=shadow[arr[i]];
-            print(s);
+        println(s);
     }
     return;
 }
 trans_ttf("just for test");
+trans_ttf(" ValKmjolnir ");
 curve1();
 curve2();
 curve3();
-curve4();
-curve5();
+curve4();

test/auto_crash.nas

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-# Road check and auto pilot(??) by ValKmjolnir
-
+# Road check and auto pilot by ValKmjolnir
+import("lib.nas");
+import("props.nas");
+var dt=0.01;
+var intergral=0;
+var derivative=0;
+var previous_error=0;
 var position_change = func(position_val,value){
     if(position_val+value>180)
         position_val += value-360;
@@ -10,12 +15,11 @@ var position_change = func(position_val,value){
     return position_val;
 }
 var road_check_func = func(){
-    
+
     var lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue();
     var lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue();
     var position_info = geodinfo(lat,lon);
     var position_names = position_info[1].names;
-    # the friction_factor of freeway runway and road is 1
 
     if((position_names[0]=="Freeway") or (position_names[0]=="Road"))
     {
@@ -24,14 +28,14 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
         var lon_change  = 0;
         var left_range  = 0;
         var right_range = 0;
-        
+
         for(var i=0;i>-0.00005;i-=0.000001)
         {
             car_heading = props.getNode("/orientation/heading-deg",1).getValue();
-            lat_change  = math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon_change  = -math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
+            lat_change  = math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon_change  = -math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
             var other_position_info = geodinfo(position_change(lat,i*lat_change),position_change(lon,i*lon_change));
             var other_names = other_position_info[1].names;
             if((other_names[0]=="Freeway") or (other_names[0]=="Road"))
@@ -42,10 +46,10 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
         for(var i=0;i<0.00005;i+=0.000001)
         {
             car_heading = props.getNode("/orientation/heading-deg",1).getValue();
-            lat_change  = math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon_change  = -math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
+            lat_change  = math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon_change  = -math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
             var other_position_info = geodinfo(position_change(lat,i*lat_change),position_change(lon,i*lon_change));
             var other_names = other_position_info[1].names;
             if((other_names[0]=="Freeway") or (other_names[0]=="Road"))
@@ -53,25 +57,26 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
             else
                 break;
         }
-        #if(left_range>right_range)
-        #{
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",-(right_range-left_range)*(right_range-left_range)/10000);
-        #    print("right ",right_range);
-        #}
-        #else if(left_range<right_range)
-        #{
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",(right_range-left_range)*(right_range-left_range)/10000);
-        #    print("left ",left_range);
-        #}
-        #else
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",0);
-        props.getNode("/controls/flight/rudder",1).setValue((right_range-left_range)/200);
+        var error=right_range-left_range;
+        intergral+=error*dt;
+        derivative=(error-previous_error)/dt;
+        var (Kp,Ki,Kd)=(1/900,0.05,0.005);
+        # print("change p ",Kp*error*error,' i ',Ki*intergral,' d ',Kd*derivative);
+        if(error<0)
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",-Kp*error*error+Ki*intergral+Kd*derivative);
+        else if(error>0)
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",Kp*error*error+Ki*intergral+Kd*derivative);
+        else
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",0);
+        previous_error=error;
     }
 };
-var road_check_timer = maketimer(0.1,road_check_func);
+
+var road_check_timer = maketimer(0.01,road_check_func);
 var toggle_auto_pilot = func(){
     if(!road_check_timer.isRunning)
     {
+        intergral=0;
         road_check_timer.start();
         props.getNode("/sim/messages/copilot",1).setValue("ze dong sheng teaan see tong yee tse yung. Auto Sheng Teaan System Activated!");
     }
@@ -80,4 +85,4 @@ var toggle_auto_pilot = func(){
         road_check_timer.stop();
         props.getNode("/sim/messages/copilot",1).setValue("ze dong sheng teaan see tong yee guan bee. Auto Sheng Teaan System is off.");
     }
-}
+}

test/bf.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var mandelbrot=
+"[A mandelbrot set fractal viewer in brainf*** written by Erik Bosman]
++++++++++++++[->++>>>+++++>++>+<<<<<<]>>>>>++++++>--->>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-]>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+
+<<<<<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+[>>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-]>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>
+>>>>>[-]+<<<<<<++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<+++++++[-[->>>
+>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[
+>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[
+-<<+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>
+>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+
+<<<<<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<
++>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<
+<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->
+>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<[->+>>>-<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++++++
++++++++>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>[<<<<<<<+<[-<+>>>>+<<[-]]>[-<<[->+>>>-
+<<<<]>>>]>>>>>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-<<<<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-
+]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+>>]<
+<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>
+>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>
+[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>
+]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>++++++++
++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[
+-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>>]>[-<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>]<[->+<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>[-]<<<<<<+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<
+[->>>>->>>>>[>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]
++>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<
+<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>>+<<<<]>]<[->>>>-<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>>+<<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>+<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
++>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<<<<<<
+<<<<<]]>[-]>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<
+<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[
+[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>
+[-<<+>>]<<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<
+<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[
+>[-]<->>>[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[
+>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<
+<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<
+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-
+<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>>>
+[-<<<->>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>[-<<
++>>]<]>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<<<]>>[-<+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>
+[-<<+>>]<<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[-<+>]>]<[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>
+>>>>>>>]<<]>>>[-<<+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[-<+>]<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>+<<<<<
+]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>
+>]>>[-<<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>>]<<[->>+<<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<
+<<<]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>->>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<
+<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<
+<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<
+<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+
+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]>]<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>+<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>
+>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[
+->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>
+>>]<<<<[->>>>+>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<
+<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<+
+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>
+]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<
+<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<+>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+
+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<<<<]
+>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<
+]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<
+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>->>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>]<<+>>>>[-<<<<
+->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<.>>]>>>>[-<<<<<<<.>>>>>>>]<<<[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>[
+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>+++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+[-]>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-]+>>>]<<<<
+<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+>>[>+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]<<<<[->>>
+>+<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<+<<<<<<<[>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<
++<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>-<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>->>[>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]+<<<<<[->>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<
+<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>-<<[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<
+<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>-<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]]>>>]<<<<.>>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<
+<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+[-]>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+>>]<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+>[>+>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>
+>>]<+<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<-
+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>-<<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>->[>>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>
++>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<<->>>>>>]+<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>
+-<<[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<++++
++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>-<<<<<<[<<<<
+<<<<<]]>>>]";
+
+var paper=[];
+var (ptr,pc)=(0,0);
+var (code,inum,stack)=(nil,nil,nil);
+var (add,mov,jt,jf,in,out)=(0,1,2,3,4,5);
+var func_table=[
+    func(){paper[ptr]+=inum[pc];return;},
+    func(){ptr+=inum[pc];return;},
+    func(){if(paper[ptr])pc=inum[pc];return;},
+    func(){if(!paper[ptr])pc=inum[pc];return;},
+    func(){paper[ptr]=input()[0];return;},
+    func(){print(chr(paper[ptr]));return;}
+];
+
+var bf=func(program)
+{
+    setsize(paper,131072);
+    (ptr,code,inum,stack)=(0,[],[],[]);
+    var len=size(program);
+
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+    {
+        var c=chr(program[i]);
+        if(c=='+' or c=='-')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[add]);
+            append(inum,0);
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='+')
+                    inum[-1]+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='-')
+                    inum[-1]-=1;
+                else
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        elsif(c=='<' or c=='>')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[mov]);
+            append(inum,0);
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='>')
+                    inum[-1]+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='<')
+                    inum[-1]-=1;
+                else
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        elsif(c==',')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[in]);
+            append(inum,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c=='.')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[out]);
+            append(inum,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c=='[')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[jf]);
+            append(inum,0);
+            append(stack,size(code)-1);
+        }
+        elsif(c==']')
+        {
+            if(!size(stack))
+                die("lack [");
+            var label=pop(stack);
+            append(code,func_table[jt]);
+            append(inum,label-1);
+            inum[label]=size(code)-2;
+        }
+    }
+    if(size(stack))
+        die("lack ]");
+    len=size(code);
+    for(pc=0;pc<len;pc+=1)
+        code[pc]();
+    return;
+}
+
+bf(mandelbrot);

test/bfconvertor.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var mandelbrot=
+"[A mandelbrot set fractal viewer in brainf*** written by Erik Bosman]
++++++++++++++[->++>>>+++++>++>+<<<<<<]>>>>>++++++>--->>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-]>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+
+<<<<<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+[>>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-]>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>
+>>>>>[-]+<<<<<<++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<+++++++[-[->>>
+>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[
+>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[
+-<<+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>
+>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+
+<<<<<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<
++>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<
+<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->
+>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<[->+>>>-<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++++++
++++++++>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>[<<<<<<<+<[-<+>>>>+<<[-]]>[-<<[->+>>>-
+<<<<]>>>]>>>>>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-<<<<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-
+]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+>>]<
+<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>
+>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>
+[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>
+]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>++++++++
++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[
+-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>>]>[-<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>]<[->+<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>[-]<<<<<<+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<
+[->>>>->>>>>[>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]
++>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<
+<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>>+<<<<]>]<[->>>>-<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>>+<<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>+<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
++>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<<<<<<
+<<<<<]]>[-]>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<
+<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[
+[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>
+[-<<+>>]<<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<
+<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[
+>[-]<->>>[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[
+>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<
+<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<
+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-
+<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>>>
+[-<<<->>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>[-<<
++>>]<]>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<<<]>>[-<+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>
+[-<<+>>]<<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[-<+>]>]<[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>
+>>>>>>>]<<]>>>[-<<+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[-<+>]<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>+<<<<<
+]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>
+>]>>[-<<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>>]<<[->>+<<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<
+<<<]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>->>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<
+<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<
+<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<
+<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+
+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]>]<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>+<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>
+>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[
+->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>
+>>]<<<<[->>>>+>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<
+<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<+
+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>
+]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<
+<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<+>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+
+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<<<<]
+>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<
+]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<
+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>->>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>]<<+>>>>[-<<<<
+->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<.>>]>>>>[-<<<<<<<.>>>>>>>]<<<[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>[
+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>+++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+[-]>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-]+>>>]<<<<
+<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+>>[>+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]<<<<[->>>
+>+<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<+<<<<<<<[>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<
++<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>-<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>->>[>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]+<<<<<[->>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<
+<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>-<<[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<
+<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>-<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]]>>>]<<<<.>>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<
+<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+[-]>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+>>]<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+>[>+>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>
+>>]<+<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<-
+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>-<<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>->[>>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>
++>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<<->>>>>>]+<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>
+-<<[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<++++
++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>-<<<<<<[<<<<
+<<<<<]]>>>]";
+
+var bf=func(program)
+{
+    var stack=[];
+    var len=size(program);
+    var f="import('lib.nas');\nvar ptr=0;\nvar paper=[];\nsetsize(paper,131072);\n";
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+    {
+        var c=chr(program[i]);
+        if(c=='+' or c=='-')
+        {
+            var cnt=0;
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='+')
+                    cnt+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='-')
+                    cnt-=1;
+                else
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if(cnt!=0)
+                for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                    f~='\t';
+            if(cnt>0)
+                f~="paper[ptr]+="~cnt~";\n";
+            elsif(cnt<0)
+                f~="paper[ptr]-="~(-cnt)~";\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='<' or c=='>')
+        {
+            var cnt=0;
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='>')
+                    cnt+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='<')
+                    cnt-=1;
+                else
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if(cnt!=0)
+                for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                    f~='\t';
+            if(cnt>0)
+                f~="ptr+="~cnt~";\n";
+            elsif(cnt<0)
+                f~="ptr-="~(-cnt)~";\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c==',')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="paper[ptr]=input();\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='.')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="print(chr(paper[ptr]));\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='[')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="while(paper[ptr])\n";
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="{\n";
+            append(stack,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c==']')
+        {
+            if(!size(stack))
+            {
+                println("lack [");
+                return;
+            }
+            pop(stack);
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="}\n";
+        }
+    }
+    if(size(stack))
+    {
+        println("lack ]");
+        return;
+    }
+    io.fout("mandel.nas",f);
+    return;
+}
+
+bf(mandelbrot);

test/bfs.nas

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-import("queue.nas");
+import("stl/lib.nas");
+import("stl/queue.nas");
 
 rand(time(0));
 
@@ -20,19 +20,20 @@ var prt=func()
             s~=map[i][j];
         s~='\n';
     }
+    s~='----------\n';
     print(s);
 }
 
 var bfs=func(begin,end)
 {
     var move=[[1,0],[0,1],[-1,0],[0,-1]];
-    var queue=new_queue();
-    queue_push(queue,begin);
+    var que=queue();
+    que.push(begin);
     map[begin[0]][begin[1]]=3;
-    while(!queue_empty(queue))
+    while(!que.empty())
     {
-        var vertex=queue_front(queue);
-        queue_pop(queue);
+        var vertex=que.front();
+        que.pop();
         foreach(var i;move)
         {
             var x=vertex[0]+i[0];
@@ -44,22 +45,14 @@ var bfs=func(begin,end)
             }
             if(0<=x and x<10 and 0<=y and y<10 and map[x][y]==0)
             {
-                queue_push(queue,[x,y]);
+                que.push([x,y]);
                 map[x][y]=3;
             }
         }
         prt();
     }
-    print("cannot reach.");
+    print("cannot reach.\n");
     return;
 }
 
-prt();
-var x=num(input());
-var y=num(input());
-var begin=[x,y];
-x=num(input());
-y=num(input());
-var end=[x,y];
-bfs(begin,end);
-prt();
+bfs([0,0],[9,9]);

test/bigloop.nas

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+for(var i=0;i<4e6;i+=1);

test/bp.nas

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ rand(time(0));
 
 var new_neuron=func()
 {
-    var neuron={
+    return {
         in:0,
         out:0,
         w:[],
         bia:0,
         diff:0
     };
-    return neuron;
 }
 
 var sigmoid=func(x)
@@ -24,12 +23,9 @@ var diffsigmoid=func(x)
     return x*(1-x);
 }
 
-var inum=2;
-var hnum=4;
-var onum=1;
-var lr=0.1;
+var (inum,hnum,onum,lr)=(2,4,1,0.1);
 var training_set=[[0,0],[0,1],[1,0],[1,1]];
-var expect=[[0],[1],[1],[0]];
+var expect=[0,1,1,0];
 
 var hidden=[];
 for(var i=0;i<hnum;i+=1)
@@ -89,19 +85,12 @@ var run=func(vec)
 }
 var get_error=func(x)
 {
-    var error=0;
-    var expect_set=expect[x];
-    for(var i=0;i<onum;i+=1)
-        error+=(expect_set[i]-output[i].out)*(expect_set[i]-output[i].out);
-    error*=0.5;
-    return error;
+    return 0.5*(expect[x]-output[0].out)*(expect[x]-output[0].out);
 }
 var backward=func(x)
 {
     var input=training_set[x];
-    var expect_set=expect[x];
-    for(var i=0;i<onum;i+=1)
-        output[i].diff=(expect_set[i]-output[i].out)*diffsigmoid(output[i].in);
+    output[0].diff=(expect[x]-output[0].out)*diffsigmoid(output[0].in);
     for(var i=0;i<hnum;i+=1)
     {
         hidden[i].diff=0;
@@ -124,9 +113,8 @@ var backward=func(x)
     return;
 }
 
-var cnt=0;
-var error=1e8;
-while(error>0.01)
+var (cnt,error)=(0,100);
+while(error>0.0005)
 {
     error=0;
     for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
@@ -136,18 +124,10 @@ while(error>0.01)
         backward(i);
     }
     cnt+=1;
-    print('epoch ',cnt,':',error);
 }
-print('\afinished.');
-while(1)
+print('finished after ',cnt,' epoch.\n');
+foreach(var v;training_set)
 {
-    var vec=[];
-    var command=input();
-    if(command=="exit")break;
-    append(vec,num(command));
-    command=input();
-    if(command=="exit")break;
-    append(vec,num(command));
-    run(vec);
-    print(output[0].out);
+    run(v);
+    print(v,': ',output[0].out,'\n');
 }

test/calc.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var filename=["main.cpp","nasal_ast.h","nasal_builtin.h","nasal_codegen.h","nasal_gc.h","nasal_import.h","nasal_lexer.h","nasal_parse.h","nasal_vm.h","nasal.h"];
+var space=["       ","    ","","","     "," ","  ","  ","     ","        "];
+var enter_cnt=func(s)
+{
+    var (cnt,len,enter)=(0,size(s),'\n'[0]);
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+        cnt+=(s[i]==enter);
+    return cnt;
+}
+var semic_cnt=func(s)
+{
+    var (cnt,len,semi)=(0,size(s),';'[0]);
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+        cnt+=(s[i]==semi);
+    return cnt;
+}
+func(){
+    var (bytes,line,semi)=(0,0,0);
+    forindex(var i;filename)
+    {
+        var s=io.fin(filename[i]);
+        bytes+=size(s);
+        var line_cnt=enter_cnt(s);
+        var semi_cnt=semic_cnt(s);
+        println(filename[i],space[i],'| ',line_cnt,' \tline | ',semi_cnt,' \tsemi');
+        line+=line_cnt;
+        semi+=semi_cnt;
+    }
+    println('total:         | ',line,' \tline | ',semi,' \tsemi');
+    println('bytes:         | ',bytes,' bytes| ',int(bytes/1024),' \tkb');
+}();

test/call_ide.nas

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-id[0] and id[1];
-1 or 2;
-"str" ==1;
-1*1/1+1;
-2*3*4/1-2+3;
-1-1+20-2*10;
-1+s1*(s2+s3[0])-1;
-var e=1+s1*(s2+s3[0])-1;
-id;
-"str";
-id(id);
-id("str",1,1);
-var e=1;
-var x=10*2-20;
-var id;
-var id=[1,2,3,4];
-var id={id:"str"};
-id();
-id.id();
-id.id.id();
-id[0].id.id(id,"str",1,2,3,4).id[10];
-id(0)[1].id;
-var hash={
-   h:"hello",
-   parent:[id],
-};
-function_test([1,2,3,4,55],1,2,3,{str:"str"});
-var (i,j,k,l,m,n) =[1,2,3,4,5,6];
-(var i,j,k)=[1,2,3];
-e=e[1:][0];

test/choice.nas

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-
+import("lib.nas");
 var condition_true=1;
 var condition_false=0;
 if(condition_true)

test/choose.nas

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-if(this_token.type==__if)
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-elsif(this_token.type==__elsif)
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-else if(this_token.type!=__else)
-{
-    exit(0);
-}
-elsif(this_token.type==__elsif)
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-elsif(this_token.type==__elsif)
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-else if(this==(1+2+3*1))
-{
-    return nil;
-}
-else
-{
-    parse.push(this_token);
-    return;
-}
-
-if(!id)
-{
-    exit(0);
-}

test/class.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var student=func(name,age)
+{
+    var val={
+        name:name,
+        age:age
+    };
+    return {
+        print_info:func(){println(val.name,' ',val.age);},
+        set_age:   func(age){val.age=age;},
+        get_age:   func(){return val.age;},
+        set_name:  func(name){val.name=name;},
+        get_name:  func(){return val.name;}
+    };
+}
+var s=student('valk',24);
+s.print_info();
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+s.set_age(20);
+s.set_name('aluo');
+s.print_info();
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+s.set_age(20);
+s.set_name('Sidi Liang');
+s.print_info();
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());

test/fib.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var fib=func(x)
+{
+	if(x<2) return x;
+	return fib(x-1)+fib(x-2);
+}
+for(var i=0;i<31;i+=1)
+	print(fib(i),'\n');
+    

test/final.nas

@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-var smartScreen = canvas.new({
-  "name": "smartScreen",   # The name is optional but allow for easier identification
-  "size": [2048, 2048], # Size of the underlying texture (should be a power of 2, required) [Resolution]
-  "view": [768, 768],  # Virtual resolution (Defines the coordinate system of the canvas [Dimensions]
-                        # which will be stretched the size of the texture, required)
-  "mipmapping": 1       # Enable mipmapping (optional)
-});
-
-smartScreen.addPlacement({"node": "screen", "texture": "screen.jpeg"});
-var group = smartScreen.createGroup();
-
-# Create a text element and set some values
-var text = group.createChild("text", "optional-id-for element")
-          .setTranslation(10, 20)      # The origin is in the top left corner
-          .setAlignment("left-center") # All values from osgText are supported (see $FG_ROOT/Docs/README.osgtext)
-          .setFont("LiberationFonts/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf") # Fonts are loaded either from $AIRCRAFT_DIR/Fonts or $FG_ROOT/Fonts
-          .setFontSize(14, 1.2)        # Set fontsize and optionally character aspect ratio
-          .setColor(1,0,0)             # Text color
-          .setText("This is a text element");
-text.hide();
-text.setText("SELF TEST NORMAL").show();
-
-
-
-var ui_root = smartScreen.createGroup();
-var vbox = canvas.VBoxLayout.new();
-smartScreen.setLayout(vbox);
-
-
-var button_onl = canvas.gui.widgets.Button.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {}).setText("Online OSM").listen("clicked", func showOnlineMap());
-var button_offl = canvas.gui.widgets.Button.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {}).setText("Offline OSM").listen("clicked", func showOfflineMap());
-button_onl.setSizeHint([32, 128]);
-button_offl.setSizeHint([32, 128]);
-
-var label = canvas.gui.widgets.Label.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {});
-
-var button_box = canvas.HBoxLayout.new();
-button_box.addItem(button_onl);
-button_box.addItem(button_offl);
-button_box.addItem(label);
-button_box.addStretch(1);
-
-vbox.addItem(button_box);
-vbox.addStretch(1);
-
-
-var showOnlineMap = func(){
-  TestMap.show();
-  g.hide();
-  label.setText("Online Mode");
-}
-
-
-var showOfflineMap = func(){
-  TestMap.hide();
-  g.show();
-  label.setText("Offline Mode");
-}
-
-
-# Online Map using MapStructure
-var TestMap = smartScreen.createGroup().createChild("map");
-TestMap.setTranslation(smartScreen.get("view[0]")/2,smartScreen.get("view[1]")/2);
-
-
-var ctrl_ns = canvas.Map.Controller.get("Aircraft position");
-var source = ctrl_ns.SOURCES["map-dialog"];
-if (source == nil) {
-  # TODO: amend
-  var source = ctrl_ns.SOURCES["map-dialog"] = {
-    getPosition: func subvec(geo.aircraft_position().latlon(), 0, 2),# ? ? ?
-    getAltitude: func getprop('/position/altitude-ft'),
-    getHeading:  func {
-      if (me.aircraft_heading)
-        getprop('/orientation/heading-deg');
-      else
-        0;
-    },
-    aircraft_heading: 1,
-  };
-}
-setlistener("/sim/gui/dialogs/map-canvas/aircraft-heading-up", func(n){source.aircraft_heading = n.getBoolValue();}, 1);
-TestMap.setController("Aircraft position", "map-dialog");
-TestMap.setRange(1); 
-
-var r = func(name,vis=1,zindex=nil){return caller(0)[0];};
-# TODO: we'll need some z-indexing here, right now it's just random
-
-foreach(var type; [r('APS')] ){
-    TestMap.addLayer(factory: canvas.SymbolLayer, type_arg: type.name, visible: type.vis, priority: 2);
-}
-
-foreach(var type; [ r('OSM')]) {
-    TestMap.addLayer(factory: canvas.OverlayLayer,
-                    type_arg: type.name,
-                     visible: type.vis,
-                    priority: 1);
-}
-
-
-TestMap.hide();
-
-# Offline map
-
-var g = smartScreen.createGroup();
-var zoom = 15;
-var type = "intl";
-var tile_size = 256;
-
-
-var changeZoom = func(d)
-{
-  zoom = math.max(2, math.min(19, zoom + d));
-  updateTiles();
-}
-
-# http://polymaps.org/docs/
-# https://github.com/simplegeo/polymaps
-# https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet
-
-var maps_base = getprop("/sim/fg-home") ~ '/cache/maps';
-
-var makePath =
-string.compileTemplate(maps_base ~ '/osm-{type}/{z}/{x}/{y}.jpg');
-var num_tiles = [4, 4];
-
-var center_tile_offset = [(num_tiles[0]-1)/2, (num_tiles[1]-1)/ 2];
-
-# simple aircraft icon at current position/center of the map
-g.createChild("path")
-  .moveTo( tile_size*center_tile_offset[0]-10, tile_size*center_tile_offset[1])
-  .horiz(20)
-  .move(-10,-10)
-  .vert(20)
-  .set("stroke", "red")
-  .set("stroke-width", 2)
-  .set("z-index", 1);
-
-# initialize the map by setting up
-# a grid of raster images  
-
-var tiles = setsize([], num_tiles[0]);
-for(var x=0; x<num_tiles[0]; x+=1)
-{
-  tiles[x] = setsize([], num_tiles[1]);
-  for(var y=0; y<num_tiles[1]; y+=1)
-    tiles[x][y] = g.createChild("image", "map-tile");
-}
-
-var last_tile = [-1,-1];
-var last_type = type;
-
-# this is the callback that will be regularly called by the timer
-# to update the map
-var updateTiles = func()
-{
-  # get current position
-  var lat = getprop('/position/latitude-deg');
-  var lon = getprop('/position/longitude-deg');
-
-  var n = math.pow(2, zoom);
-  var offset = [n*((lon+180)/360)-center_tile_offset[0], (1-math.ln(math.tan(lat*math.pi/180)+1/math.cos(lat*math.pi/180))/math.pi)/2*n-center_tile_offset[1]];
-  var tile_index = [int(offset[0]), int(offset[1])];
-
-  var ox = tile_index[0] - offset[0];
-  var oy = tile_index[1] - offset[1];
-
-  for(var x = 0; x < num_tiles[0]; x += 1)
-    for(var y = 0; y < num_tiles[1]; y += 1)
-      tiles[x][y].setTranslation(int((ox + x) * tile_size + 0.5), int((oy + y) * tile_size + 0.5));
-
-  if(  tile_index[0] != last_tile[0]
-    or tile_index[1] != last_tile[1]
-    or type != last_type )
-  {
-    for(var x = 0; x < num_tiles[0]; x += 1)
-      for(var y = 0; y < num_tiles[1]; y += 1)
-      {
-        var pos = {
-          z: zoom,
-          x: int(offset[0] + x),
-          y: int(offset[1] + y),
-          type: type
-        };
-
-        (func {
-            var img_path = makePath(pos);
-            var tile = tiles[x][y];
-            print('loading ' ~ img_path);
-            tile.set("src", img_path);
-          })();
-        # lambda
-      }
-
-      last_tile = tile_index;
-      last_type = type;
-  }
-};
-
-# set up a timer that will invoke updateTiles at 2-second intervals
-var update_timer = maketimer(2, updateTiles);
-# actually start the timer
-update_timer.start();
-
-# set up default zoom level
-changeZoom(0);
-
-#g.hide();
-
-

test/final2.nas

@@ -1,643 +0,0 @@
-###############################################################################
-##
-## Nasal module for dual control over the multiplayer network.
-##
-##  Copyright (C) 2007 - 2010  Anders Gidenstam  (anders(at)gidenstam.org)
-##  This file is licensed under the GPL license version 2 or later.
-##
-###############################################################################
-## MP properties
-var lat_mpp     = "position/latitude-deg";
-var lon_mpp     = "position/longitude-deg";
-var alt_mpp     = "position/altitude-ft";
-var heading_mpp = "orientation/true-heading-deg";
-var pitch_mpp   = "orientation/pitch-deg";
-var roll_mpp    = "orientation/roll-deg";
-
-# Import components from the mp_broadcast module.
-var Binary         = mp_broadcast.Binary;
-var MessageChannel = mp_broadcast.MessageChannel;
-
-###############################################################################
-# Utility classes
-
-############################################################
-# Translate a property into another.
-#  Factor and offsets are only used for numeric values.
-#   src    - source      : property node
-#   dest   - destination : property node
-#   factor -             : double
-#   offset -             : double
-var Translator = {};
-Translator.new = func (src = nil, dest = nil, factor = 1, offset = 0) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [Translator],
-              src       : src,
-              dest      : dest,
-              factor    : factor,
-              offset    : offset };
-  if (obj.src == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("Translator[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-Translator.update = func () {
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (is_num(v)) {
-    me.dest.setValue(me.factor * v + me.offset);
-  } else {
-    if (typeof(v) == "scalar")
-      me.dest.setValue(v);
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Detects flanks on two insignals encoded in a property.
-# - positive signal up/down flank
-# - negative signal up/down flank
-#   n                 - source : property node
-#   on_positive_flank - action : func (v)
-#   on_negative_flank - action : func (v)
-var EdgeTrigger = {};
-EdgeTrigger.new = func (n, on_positive_flank, on_negative_flank) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [EdgeTrigger],
-              old       : 0,
-              node      : n, 
-              pos_flank : on_positive_flank,
-              neg_flank : on_negative_flank };
-  if (obj.node == nil) {
-    print("EdgeTrigger[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.node));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
-EdgeTrigger.update = func {
-  # NOTE: float MP properties get interpolated.
-  #       This detector relies on that steady state is reached between
-  #       flanks.
-  var val = me.node.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(val)) return;
-  if (me.old == 1) {
-    if (val < me.old) {
-      me.pos_flank(0);
-    }
-  } elsif (me.old == 0) {
-    if (val > me.old) {
-      me.pos_flank(1);
-    } elsif (val < me.old) {
-      me.neg_flank(1);
-    }
-  } elsif (me.old == -1) {
-    if (val > me.old) {
-      me.neg_flank(0);
-    }
-  }
-  me.old = val;
-}
-
-############################################################
-# StableTrigger: Triggers an action when a MPP property
-#                becomes stable (i.e. doesn't change for
-#                MIN_STABLE seconds).
-#   src     - MP prop : property node
-#   action  - action to take when the value becomes stable : [func(v)]
-# An action is triggered when value has stabilized.
-var StableTrigger = {};
-StableTrigger.new = func (src, action) {
-  var obj = { parents      : [StableTrigger],
-              src          : src,
-              action       : action,
-              old          : 0,
-              stable_since : 0,
-              wait         : 0,
-              MIN_STABLE   : 0.01 };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.src == nil) or (action = nil);
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("StableTrigger[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.action));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-StableTrigger.update = func () {
-  var v   = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-
-  if ((me.old == v) and
-      ((t - me.stable_since) > me.MIN_STABLE) and (me.wait == 1)) {
-    # Trigger action.
-    me.action(v);
-
-    me.wait = 0;
-  } elsif (me.old == v) {
-    # Wait. This is either before the signal is stable or after the action. 
-  } else {
-    me.stable_since = t;
-    me.wait         = 1;
-    me.old          = me.src.getValue();
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Selects the most recent value of two properties.
-#   src1      -  : property node
-#   src2      -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-#   threshold -  : double
-var MostRecentSelector = {};
-MostRecentSelector.new = func (src1, src2, dest, threshold) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [MostRecentSelector],
-              old1      : 0,
-              old2      : 0,
-              src1      : src1,
-              src2      : src2,
-              dest      : dest,
-              thres     : threshold };
-  if (obj.src1 == nil or obj.src2 == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("MostRecentSelector[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src1));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src2));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-MostRecentSelector.update = func {
-  var v1 = me.src1.getValue();
-  var v2 = me.src2.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v1) and !is_num(v2)) return;
-  elsif (!is_num(v1)) me.dest.setValue(v2);
-  elsif (!is_num(v2)) me.dest.setValue(v1);
-  else {
-      if (abs (v2 - me.old2) > me.thres) {
-          me.old2 = v2;
-          me.dest.setValue(me.old2);
-      }
-      if (abs (v1 - me.old1) > me.thres) {
-          me.old1 = v1;
-          me.dest.setValue(me.old1);
-      }
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Adds two input properties.
-#   src1      -  : property node
-#   src2      -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-var Adder = {};
-Adder.new = func (src1, src2, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [DeltaAccumulator],
-              src1    : src1,
-              src2    : src2,
-              dest    : dest };
-  if (obj.src1 == nil or obj.src2 == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("Adder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src1));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src2));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-Adder.update = func () {
-  var v1 = me.src1.getValue();
-  var v2 = me.src2.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v1) or !is_num(v2)) return;
-  me.dest.setValue(v1 + v2);
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Adds the delta of src to dest.
-#   src       -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-var DeltaAdder = {};
-DeltaAdder.new = func (src, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [DeltaAdder],
-              old     : 0,
-              src     : src,
-              dest    : dest };
-  if (obj.src == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("DeltaAdder[", debug.string(obj.src), ", ",
-          debug.string(obj.dest), "]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-DeltaAdder.update = func () {
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-  me.dest.setValue((v - me.old) + me.dest.getValue());
-  me.old = v;
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Switch encoder: Encodes upto 32 boolean properties in one
-# int property.
-#   inputs    - list of property nodes
-#   dest      - where the bitmask is stored : property node
-var SwitchEncoder = {};
-SwitchEncoder.new = func (inputs, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [SwitchEncoder],
-              inputs  : inputs,
-              dest    : dest };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.dest == nil);
-  foreach (var i; inputs) {
-    if (i == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("SwitchEncoder[");
-    foreach (var i; inputs) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(i));
-    }
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-SwitchEncoder.update = func () {
-  var v = 0;
-  var b = 1;
-  forindex (var i; me.inputs) {
-    if (me.inputs[i].getBoolValue()) {
-      v = v + b;
-    }
-    b *= 2;
-  }
-  me.dest.setIntValue(v);
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Switch decoder: Decodes a bitmask in an int property.
-#   src     -                 : property node
-#   actions - list of actions : [func(b)]
-# Actions are triggered when their input bit change.
-# Due to interpolation the decoder needs to wait for a
-# stable input value.
-var SwitchDecoder = {};
-SwitchDecoder.new = func (src, actions) {
-  var obj = { parents : [SwitchDecoder],
-              wait         : 0,
-              old          : 0,
-              old_stable   : 0,
-              stable_since : 0,
-              reset        : 1,
-              src          : src,
-              actions      : actions,
-              MIN_STABLE   : 0.1 };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.src == nil);
-  foreach (var a; obj.actions) {
-    if (a == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-  
-  if (bad) {
-    print("SwitchDecoder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    foreach (var a; obj.actions) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(a));
-    }
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-SwitchDecoder.update = func () {
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-
-  if ((me.old == v) and ((t - me.stable_since) > me.MIN_STABLE) and
-      (me.wait == 1)) {
-    var ov = me.old_stable;
-# Use this to improve.
-#<cptf> here's the boring version:  var bittest = func(u, b) { while (b) { u = int(u / 2); b -= 1; } u != int(u / 2) * 2; }
-    forindex (var i; me.actions) {
-      var m  = math.mod(v, 2);
-      var om = math.mod(ov, 2);
-      if ((m != om or me.reset)) { me.actions[i](m?1:0); }
-      v  = (v - m)/2;
-      ov = (ov - om)/2;
-    }
-    me.old_stable = me.src.getValue();
-    me.wait  = 0;
-    me.reset = 0;
-  } elsif (me.old == v) {
-    # Wait. This is either before the bitmask is stable or after
-    # it has been processed. 
-  } else {
-    me.stable_since = t;
-    me.wait         = 1;
-    me.old          = me.src.getValue();
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Time division multiplexing encoder: Transmits a list of
-# properties over a MP enabled string property.
-#   inputs  - input properties : [property node]
-#   dest    - MP string prop   : property node
-# Note: TDM can have high latency so it is best used for
-# non-time critical properties.
-var TDMEncoder = {};
-TDMEncoder.new = func (inputs, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [TDMEncoder],
-              inputs    : inputs,
-              channel   : MessageChannel.new(dest,
-                                             func (msg) {
-                                               print("This should not happen!");
-                                             }),
-              MIN_INT   : 0.25,
-              last_time : 0,
-              next_item : 0,
-              old       : [] };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (dest == nil) or (obj.channel == nil);
-  foreach (var i; inputs) {
-    if (i == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("TDMEncoder[");
-    foreach (var i; inputs) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(i));
-    }
-    print("  ", debug.string(dest));
-    print("]");
-  }
-
-  setsize(obj.old, size(obj.inputs));
-
-  return obj;
-}
-TDMEncoder.update = func () {
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-  if (t > me.last_time + me.MIN_INT) {
-    var n = size(me.inputs);
-    while (1) {
-      var v = me.inputs[me.next_item].getValue();
-
-      if ((n <= 0) or (me.old[me.next_item] != v)) {
-        # Set the MP properties to send the next item.
-        me.channel.send(Binary.encodeByte(me.next_item) ~
-                        Binary.encodeDouble(v));
-
-        me.old[me.next_item] = v;
-
-        me.last_time = t;
-        me.next_item += 1;
-        if (me.next_item >= size(me.inputs)) { me.next_item = 0; }
-        return;
-      } else {
-        # Search for changed property.
-        n -= 1;
-        me.next_item += 1;
-        if (me.next_item >= size(me.inputs)) { me.next_item = 0; }
-      }         
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Time division multiplexing decoder: Receives a list of
-# properties over a MP enabled string property.
-#   src     - MP string prop  : property node
-#   actions - list of actions : [func(v)]
-# An action is triggered when its value is received.
-# Note: TDM can have high latency so it is best used for
-# non-time critical properties.
-var TDMDecoder = {};
-TDMDecoder.new = func (src, actions) {
-  var obj = { parents      : [TDMDecoder],
-              actions      : actions };
-  obj.channel = MessageChannel.new(src,
-                                   func (msg) {
-                                     obj.process(msg);
-                                   });
-
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (src == nil) or (obj.channel == nil);
-  foreach (var a; actions) {
-    if (a == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("TDMDecoder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(src));
-    foreach (var a; actions) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(a));
-    }
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-TDMDecoder.process = func (msg) {
-  var v1 = Binary.decodeByte(msg);
-  var v2 = Binary.decodeDouble(substr(msg, 1));
-  # Trigger action.
-  me.actions[v1](v2);
-}
-TDMDecoder.update = func {
-  me.channel.update();
-}
-
-###############################################################################
-# Internal utility functions
-
-var is_num = func (v) {
-    return num(v) != nil;
-}
-
-# fail causes a Nasal runtime error so we get a backtrace.
-var fail = func {
-    error_detected_in_calling_context();
-}
-
-###############################################################################
-
-###############################################################################
-# Copilot selection dialog.
-#
-# Usage: dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.show(<copilot type string>);
-#
-var COPILOT_DLG = 0;
-var copilot_dialog = {};
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.init = func (copilot_type, x = nil, y = nil) {
-    me.x = x;
-    me.y = y;
-    me.bg = [0, 0, 0, 0.3];    # background color
-    me.fg = [[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]]; 
-    #
-    # "private"
-    if (contains(aircraft_dual_control, "copilot_view")) {
-        me.title = "Pilot selection";
-    } else {
-        me.title = "Copilot selection";
-    }
-    me.basenode = props.globals.getNode("sim/remote", 1);
-    me.dialog = nil;
-    me.namenode = props.Node.new({"dialog-name" : me.title });
-    me.listeners = [];
-    me.copilot_type = copilot_type;
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.create = func {
-    if (me.dialog != nil)
-        me.close();
-
-    me.dialog = gui.Widget.new();
-    me.dialog.set("name", me.title);
-    if (me.x != nil)
-        me.dialog.set("x", me.x);
-    if (me.y != nil)
-        me.dialog.set("y", me.y);
-
-    me.dialog.set("layout", "vbox");
-    me.dialog.set("default-padding", 0);
-    var titlebar = me.dialog.addChild("group");
-    titlebar.set("layout", "hbox");
-    titlebar.addChild("empty").set("stretch", 1);
-    if (contains(aircraft_dual_control, "copilot_view")) {
-        titlebar.addChild("text").set("label", "Book your flight");
-    } else {
-        titlebar.addChild("text").set("label", "Passengers online");
-    }
-    var w = titlebar.addChild("button");
-    w.set("pref-width", 16);
-    w.set("pref-height", 16);
-    w.set("legend", "");
-    w.set("default", 0);
-    w.set("key", "esc");
-    w.setBinding("nasal", "dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.destroy(); ");
-    w.setBinding("dialog-close");
-    me.dialog.addChild("hrule");
-
-    var content = me.dialog.addChild("group");
-    content.set("layout", "vbox");
-    content.set("halign", "center");
-    content.set("default-padding", 5);
-
-    # Generate the dialog contents.
-    me.players = me.find_copilot_players();
-    var i = 0;
-    var tmpbase  = me.basenode.getNode("dialog", 1);
-    var selected = me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").getValue();
-    foreach (var p; me.players) {
-        var tmp = tmpbase.getNode("b[" ~ i ~ "]", 1);
-        tmp.setBoolValue(streq(selected, p));
-        var w = content.addChild("checkbox");
-        w.node.setValues({"label"    : p,
-                          "halign"   : "left",
-                          "property" : tmp.getPath()});
-        w.setBinding
-            ("nasal",
-             "dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.select_action(" ~ i ~ ");");
-        i = i + 1;
-    }
-    me.dialog.addChild("hrule");
-
-    # Display the dialog.
-    fgcommand("dialog-new", me.dialog.prop());
-    fgcommand("dialog-show", me.namenode);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.close = func {
-    fgcommand("dialog-close", me.namenode);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.destroy = func {
-    COPILOT_DLG = 0;
-    me.close();
-    foreach(var l; me.listeners)
-        removelistener(l);
-    delete(gui.dialog, "\"" ~ me.title ~ "\"");
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.show = func (copilot_type) {
-#    print("Showing MPCopilots dialog!");
-    if (!COPILOT_DLG) {
-        COPILOT_DLG = int(getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"));
-        me.init(copilot_type);
-        me.create();
-        me._update_(COPILOT_DLG);
-    }
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog._redraw_ = func {
-    if (me.dialog != nil) {
-        me.close();
-        me.create();
-    }
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog._update_ = func (id) {
-    if (COPILOT_DLG != id) return;
-    me._redraw_();
-    settimer(func { me._update_(id); }, 4.1);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.select_action = func (n) {
-    var selected = me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").getValue();
-    var bs = me.basenode.getNode("dialog").getChildren();
-    # Assumption: There are two true b:s or none. The one not matching selected
-    #             is the new selection.
-    var i = 0;
-    me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").setValue("");
-    foreach (var b; bs) {
-        if (!b.getValue() and (i == n)) {
-            b.setValue(1);
-            me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").setValue(me.players[i]);
-        } else {
-            b.setValue(0);
-        }
-        i = i + 1;
-    }
-    dual_control.main.reset();
-    me._redraw_();
-}
-############################################################
-# Return a list containing all nearby copilot players of the right type.
-copilot_dialog.find_copilot_players = func {
-    var mpplayers =
-        props.globals.getNode("ai/models").getChildren("multiplayer");
-
-    var res = [];
-    foreach (var pilot; mpplayers) {
-        if ((pilot.getNode("valid") != nil) and
-            (pilot.getNode("valid").getValue()) and
-            (pilot.getNode("sim/model/path") != nil)) {
-            var type = pilot.getNode("sim/model/path").getValue();
-
-            if (type == me.copilot_type) {
-                append(res, pilot.getNode("callsign").getValue());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#    debug.dump(res);
-    return res; 
-}
-###############################################################################

test/first_pro.nas

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-print("hello world!\n");
-print("This is the first program for nasal--\n");
-var cnt=0;
-for(var i=1;i<101;i+=1)
-    cnt+=i;
-print(cnt);

test/func.nas

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-var f=func(n,m,dynamic...)
-{
-    print(n+m," ",dynamic);
-    n=dynamic;
-    m=dynamic;
-    n+=m;
-    return dynamic;
-};
-print(f(1,1,0,0,0,0,0,(1+2+3+(1+2+3+4)))[3]);
-function([0,1,2,3],{str:"str"});

test/json.nas

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #lib json.nas
+import("lib.nas");
 var json={
     text:'',
     line:1,

test/leetcode1319.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+# union set
+var n=4;
+var input=[[0,1],[0,2],[1,2]];
+
+var find_root=func(x,parent)
+{
+    while(parent[x]!=nil)
+        x=parent[x];
+    return x;
+}
+var union_root=func(x,y,parent)
+{
+    var x_root=find_root(x,parent);
+    var y_root=find_root(y,parent);
+    if(x_root==y_root) return 0;
+    else parent[x_root]=y_root;
+    return 1;
+}
+var makeConnect=func(n,connections)
+{
+    if(size(connections)<n-1) return -1;
+    var cnt=n-1;
+    var parent=[];
+    setsize(parent,n);
+    foreach(var i;connections)
+        if(union_root(i[0],i[1],parent))
+            cnt-=1;
+    return cnt;
+}
+
+println(makeConnect(n,input));

test/lexer.nas

@@ -1,183 +1,191 @@
 import("lib.nas");
 
-var s=io.fin("a.nas");
-s=split('',s);
-var len=size(s);
-var ptr=0;
-
-var jump_note=func()
+var lexer=func(file)
 {
-    while(ptr<len and s[ptr]!='\n')
-        ptr+=1;
-    ptr+=1;
-    return;
+    var _={s:io.fin(file),len:0,ptr:0,token:[]};
+    _.len=size(_.s);
+    return
+    {
+        jmp_note:func()
+        {
+            while(_.ptr<_.len and chr(_.s[_.ptr])!='\n')
+                _.ptr+=1;
+            _.ptr+=1;
+        },
+        id_gen:func()
+        {
+            var tmp="";
+            while(_.ptr<_.len)
+            {
+                var c=_.s[_.ptr];
+                if(('a'[0]<=c and c<='z'[0])
+                or ('A'[0]<=c and c<='Z'[0])
+                or ('0'[0]<=c and c<='9'[0])
+                or c=='_'[0])
+                    tmp~=chr(c);
+                else
+                    break;
+                _.ptr+=1;
+            }
+            append(_.token,tmp);
+        },
+        str_gen:func()
+        {
+            var str="";
+            var mark=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+            _.ptr+=1;
+            while(_.ptr<_.len and chr(_.s[_.ptr])!=mark)
+            {
+                if(chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='\\')
+                {
+                    _.ptr+=1;
+                    var c=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                    if   (c=='a' ) str~='\a';
+                    elsif(c=='b' ) str~='\b';
+                    elsif(c=='f' ) str~='\f';
+                    elsif(c=='n' ) str~='\n';
+                    elsif(c=='r' ) str~='\r';
+                    elsif(c=='t' ) str~='\t';
+                    elsif(c=='v' ) str~='\v';
+                    elsif(c=='?' ) str~='?';
+                    elsif(c=='0' ) str~='\0';
+                    elsif(c=='\\') str~='\\';
+                    elsif(c=='\'') str~='\'';
+                    elsif(c=='\"') str~='\"';
+                    else           str~=c;
+                }
+                else
+                    str~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                _.ptr+=1;
+            }
+            if(_.ptr>=_.len)
+                print("read eof when generating string.\n");
+            _.ptr+=1;
+            append(_.token,str);
+        },
+        num_gen:func()
+        {
+            var number=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+            _.ptr+=1;
+            if(_.ptr<_.len and chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='x')
+            {
+                _.ptr+=1;
+                while(_.ptr<_.len and
+                ('a'[0]<=_.s[_.ptr] and _.s[_.ptr]<='f'[0]
+                or '0'[0]<=_.s[_.ptr] and _.s[_.ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                    _.ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(_.token,num(number));
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(_.ptr<_.len and chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='o')
+            {
+                _.ptr+=1;
+                while(_.ptr<_.len and ('0'[0]<=_.s[_.ptr] and _.s[_.ptr]<='7'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                    _.ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(_.token,num(number));
+                return;
+            }
+            while(_.ptr<_.len and ('0'[0]<=_.s[_.ptr] and _.s[_.ptr]<='9'[0]))
+            {
+                number~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                _.ptr+=1;
+            }
+            if(_.ptr<_.len and chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='.')
+            {
+                number~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                _.ptr+=1;
+                while(_.ptr<_.len and ('0'[0]<=_.s[_.ptr] and _.s[_.ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                    _.ptr+=1;
+                }
+            }
+            if(chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='e' or chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='E')
+            {
+                number~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                _.ptr+=1;
+                if(chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='-' or chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='+')
+                {
+                    number~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                    _.ptr+=1;
+                }
+                while(_.ptr<_.len and ('0'[0]<=_.s[_.ptr] and _.s[_.ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                    _.ptr+=1;
+                }
+            }
+            var last_c=chr(number[-1]);
+            if(last_c=='.' or last_c=='e' or last_c=='E' or last_c=='-' or last_c=='+')
+                println("error number: ",number);
+            append(_.token,num(number));
+        },
+        opr_gen:func()
+        {
+            var c=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+            if(c=='+' or c=='-' or c=='~' or c=='/' or c=='*' or c=='>' or c=='<' or c=='!' or c=='=')
+            {
+                var tmp=c;
+                _.ptr+=1;
+                if(_.ptr<_.len and chr(_.s[_.ptr])=='=')
+                {
+                    tmp~=chr(_.s[_.ptr]);
+                    _.ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(_.token,tmp);
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(c=='.')
+            {
+                if(_.ptr+2<_.len and chr(_.s[_.ptr+1])=='.' and chr(_.s[_.ptr+2])=='.')
+                {
+                    append(_.token,"...");
+                    _.ptr+=3;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    append(_.token,".");
+                    _.ptr+=1;
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(c!=' ' and c!='\t' and c!='\n' and c!='\r' and _.s[_.ptr]>0)
+                append(_.token,c);
+            _.ptr+=1;
+            return;
+        },
+        main:func()
+        {
+            while(_.ptr<_.len)
+            {
+                var c=_.s[_.ptr];
+                if(c=='#'[0])
+                    me.jmp_note();
+                elsif('a'[0]<=c and c<='z'[0]
+                    or 'A'[0]<=c and c<='Z'[0]
+                    or c=='_'[0])
+                    me.id_gen();
+                elsif(c=='\''[0] or c=='\"'[0])
+                    me.str_gen();
+                elsif('0'[0]<=c and c<='9'[0])
+                    me.num_gen();
+                else
+                    me.opr_gen();
+            }
+            return;
+        },
+        get_token:func(){return _.token;}
+    };
 }
 
-var generate_id=func()
-{
-    var tmp="";
-    while(ptr<len)
-    {
-        if('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='z'
-        or 'A'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='Z'
-        or s[ptr]=='_'
-        or '0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9')
-            tmp~=s[ptr];
-        else
-            break;
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    return tmp;
-}
-
-var generate_str=func()
-{
-    var tok_str="";
-    var mark=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    while(ptr<len and s[ptr]!=mark)
-    {
-        if(s[ptr]=='\\')
-        {
-            ptr+=1;
-            if(s[ptr]=='a') tok_str~='\a';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='b') tok_str~='\b';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='f') tok_str~='\f';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='n') tok_str~='\n';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='r') tok_str~='\r';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='t') tok_str~='\t';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='v') tok_str~='\v';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='?') tok_str~='?';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='0') tok_str~='\0';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\\') tok_str~='\\';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\'') tok_str~='\'';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\"') tok_str~='\"';
-            else tok_str~=s[ptr];
-        }
-        else
-            tok_str~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(ptr>=len)
-        print("read eof when generating string.");
-    ptr+=1;
-    return tok_str;
-}
-
-var generate_number=func()
-{
-    var number=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    if(s[ptr]=='x')
-    {
-        ptr+=1;
-        while(ptr<len and ('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='f' or '0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-        {
-            number~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return num(number);
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='o')
-    {
-        ptr+=1;
-        while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='7'))
-        {
-            number~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return num(number);
-    }
-
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(s[ptr]=='.')
-        number~=s[ptr];
-    else
-        return num(number);
-    ptr+=1;
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(s[ptr]=='e' or s[ptr]=='E')
-        number~=s[ptr];
-    else
-        return num(number);
-    ptr+=1;
-    if(s[ptr]=='-' or s[ptr]=='+')
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    return num(number);
-}
-
-var generate_operator=func()
-{
-    var tmp="";
-    if(s[ptr]=='+' or s[ptr]=='-' or s[ptr]=='~' or s[ptr]=='/' or s[ptr]=='*' or s[ptr]=='>' or s[ptr]=='<' or s[ptr]=='!' or s[ptr]=='=')
-    {
-        tmp=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-        if(ptr<len and s[ptr]=='=')
-        {
-            tmp~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return tmp;
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='.')
-    {
-        if(ptr+2<len and s[ptr+1]=='.' and s[ptr+2]=='.')
-        {
-            tmp='...';
-            ptr+=3;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            tmp='.';
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return tmp;
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]!=' ' and s[ptr]!='\t' and s[ptr]!='\n' and s[ptr]!='\r' and s[ptr][0]>0)
-        tmp=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    return tmp;
-}
-var cnt=0;
-var token=[];
-while(ptr<len)
-{
-    if(s[ptr]=='#')
-        jump_note();
-    elsif('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='z' or 'A'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='Z' or s[ptr]=='_')
-        append(token,generate_id());
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='\'' or s[ptr]=='\"')
-        append(token,generate_str());
-    elsif('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9')
-        append(token,generate_number());
-    else
-    {
-        var tmp=generate_operator();
-        if(size(tmp))
-            append(token,tmp);
-    }
-    if(ptr>=len)
-        break;
-}
-foreach(var i;token)
-{
-    print("(",cnt," | ",i,")");
-    cnt+=1;
-}
+var nasal_lexer=lexer("test/lexer.nas");
+nasal_lexer.main();
+foreach(var tok;nasal_lexer.get_token())
+    print(tok,' ');
+println();

test/lib.nas

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-var import=func(filename)
-{
-    nasal_call_import(filename);
-    return nil;
-}
-var print=func(elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
-};
-var append=func(vector,elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_push_back(vector,elements);
-    return nil;
-}
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
-}
-var system=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_system(str);
-    return;
-}
-var input=func()
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_input();
-}
-var sleep=func(duration)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_sleep(duration);
-    return;
-}
-var split=func(delimeter,string)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_split(delimeter,string);
-}
-var rand=func(seed=nil)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_rand(seed);
-}
-var id=func(thing)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_id(thing);
-}
-var int=func(value)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_int(value);
-}
-var num=func(value)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_num(value);
-}
-var pop=func(vector)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_pop_back(vector);
-}
-var str=func(number)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_str(number);
-}
-var size=func(object)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_size(object);
-}
-var contains=func(hash,key)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_contains(hash,key);
-}
-var delete=func(hash,key)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_delete(hash,key);
-    return;
-}
-var keys=func(hash)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_keys(hash);
-}
-var time=func(begin_time)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_time(begin_time);
-}
-var die=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_die(str);
-    return nil;
-}
-var typeof=func(object)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_type(object);
-}
-var substr=func(str,begin,length)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_substr(str,begin,length);
-}
-
-var io=
-{
-    fin:func(filename)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_finput(filename);
-    },
-    fout:func(filename,str)
-    {
-        nasal_call_builtin_foutput(filename,str);
-        return;
-    }
-};
-
-var bits=
-{
-    bitxor:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_xor(a,b);
-    },
-    bitand:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_and(a,b);
-    },
-    bitor:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_or(a,b);
-    },
-    bitnand:func(a,b)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_nand(a,b);
-    },
-    bitnot:func(a)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_not(a);
-    }
-};
-
-var math=
-{
-    e:2.7182818284590452354,
-    pi:3.14159265358979323846,
-    sin:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_sin(x);
-    },
-    cos:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cos(x);
-    },
-    tan:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_tan(x);
-    },
-    exp:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_exp(x);
-    }, 
-    ln:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_ln(x);
-    },
-    sqrt:func(x)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_sqrt(x);
-    },
-    atan2:func(x,y)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_atan2(x,y);
-    },
-};

test/life.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var map=nil;
+
+var check=func(x,y)
+{
+    if(x>14) x=0;
+    if(y>19) y=0;
+    return map[x][y];
+}
+
+var new_map=func()
+{
+    var tmp=[];
+    setsize(tmp,15);
+    forindex(var i;tmp)
+    {
+        tmp[i]=[];
+        setsize(tmp[i],20);
+    }
+    return tmp;
+}
+
+var prt=func()
+{
+    var s='';
+    foreach(var line;map)
+    {
+        foreach(var elem;line)
+            s~=elem~' ';
+        s~='\n';
+    }
+    system("cls");
+    print(s);
+}
+
+func()
+{
+    rand(time(0));
+    map=new_map();
+    forindex(var i;map)
+        forindex(var j;map[i])
+            map[i][j]=rand()>0.7?'O':' ';
+    var calc=[[0,1],[1,0],[0,-1],[-1,0],[1,1],[1,-1],[-1,-1],[-1,1]];
+    for(var r=0;r<100;r+=1)
+    {
+        prt(map);
+        var tmp=new_map();
+        for(var i=0;i<15;i+=1)
+            for(var j=0;j<20;j+=1)
+            {
+                var cnt=0;
+                foreach(var k;calc)
+                    cnt+=(check(i+k[0],j+k[1])=='O');
+                if(cnt==2)    tmp[i][j]=map[i][j];
+                elsif(cnt==3) tmp[i][j]='O';
+                else          tmp[i][j]=' ';
+            }
+        map=tmp;
+    }
+    return;
+}();

test/loop.nas

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import("lib.nas");
 for(;;)break;
 for(;;)
 {

test/main.nas

@@ -1,382 +0,0 @@
-# game left in corner by ValKmjolnir
-# 2020
-
-# lib function defined here
-var print=func(elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
-};
-var append=func(vector,elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_push_back(vector,elements);
-    return nil;
-}
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
-}
-var system=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_system(str);
-    return;
-}
-var sleep=func(duration)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_sleep(duration);
-    return;
-}
-var input=func()
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_input();
-}
-var io=
-{
-    fin:func(filename)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_finput(filename);
-    },
-    fout:func(filename,str)
-    {
-        nasal_call_builtin_foutput(filename,str);
-        return;
-    }
-};
-var int=func(str)
-{
-    return str+0;
-}
-var str=func(num)
-{
-    return num~'';
-}
-# string split
-
-# game elements defined here
-var role_property=
-{
-    health:100,
-    mood:100,
-    satiety:100,
-    thirst:100,
-    health_change:func(x)
-    {
-        me.health+=x;
-        if(me.health<0)
-            me.health=0;
-        elsif(me.health>100)
-            me.health=100;
-        return nil;
-    },
-    mood_change:func(x)
-    {
-        me.mood+=x;
-        if(me.mood<0)
-            me.mood=0;
-        elsif(me.mood>100)
-            me.mood=100;
-        return nil;
-    },
-    satiety_change:func(x)
-    {
-        me.satiety+=x;
-        if(me.satiety<0)
-            me.satiety=0;
-        elsif(me.satiety>100)
-            me.satiety=100;
-        return nil;
-    },
-    thirst_change:func(x)
-    {
-        me.thirst+=x;
-        if(me.thirst<0)
-            me.thirst=0;
-        elsif(me.thirst>100)
-            me.thirst=100;
-        return nil;
-    }
-};
-var screen=
-{
-    picture:[],
-    info_below_left:[],
-    info_below_right:[],
-    clear:func()
-    {
-        me.picture=[];
-        me.info_below_left=[];
-        me.info_below_right=[];
-        return;
-    },
-    pic_addline:func(_str)
-    {
-        append(me.picture,_str);
-        return;
-    },
-    left_add:func(_str)
-    {
-        append(me.info_below_left,_str);
-        return;
-    },
-    right_add:func(_str)
-    {
-        append(me.info_below_right,_str);
-        return;
-    },
-    prt_screen:func()
-    {
-        foreach(var i;me.picture)
-            print(i);
-        forindex(var i;me.info_below_left)
-            print(me.info_below_left[i]~me.info_below_right[i]);
-        return;
-    }
-};
-var first_shown_info=func()
-{
-    system("cls");
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "| Let me tell you a story...                    |",
-        "| A story that really happened many years ago...|",
-        "| Nearly no one knows and cares about it...     |",
-        "| But some children may still suffer from...    |",
-        "| This kind of stories...                       |",
-        "| And this kind of stories never stop hurting...|",
-        "| People that are still alive...                |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        print(i);
-    return;
-}
-var generate_role_property=func()
-{
-    screen.left_add("+-----------------------+");
-    var str="";
-    for(var i=10;i<=100;i+=10)
-    {
-        if(i<=role_property.health)
-            str~="=";
-        else
-            str~=" ";
-    }
-    screen.left_add("|[health ]:"~str~"   |");
-    str="";
-    for(var i=10;i<=100;i+=10)
-    {
-        if(i<=role_property.mood)
-            str~="=";
-        else
-            str~=" ";
-    }
-    screen.left_add("|[mood   ]:"~str~"   |");
-    str="";
-    for(var i=10;i<=100;i+=10)
-    {
-        if(i<=role_property.satiety)
-            str~="=";
-        else
-            str~=" ";
-    }
-    screen.left_add("|[satiety]:"~str~"   |");
-    str="";
-    for(var i=10;i<=100;i+=10)
-    {
-        if(i<=role_property.thirst)
-            str~="=";
-        else
-            str~=" ";
-    }
-    screen.left_add("|[thirst ]:"~str~"   |");
-    screen.left_add("+-----------------------+");
-    return;
-}
-var generate_choose_list=func()
-{
-    var str_list=[
-        "-----------------------+",
-        "[1]| next step         |",
-        "[2]| restart           |",
-        "[3]| store game        |",
-        "[4]| exit              |",
-        "-----------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.right_add(i);
-    return;
-}
-var next_step=func()
-{
-    role_property.health_change(-1);
-    role_property.mood_change(-1);
-    role_property.satiety_change(-1);
-    role_property.thirst_change(-10);
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-    return;
-}
-var restart=func()
-{
-    role_property.health=100;
-    role_property.mood=100;
-    role_property.satiety=100;
-    role_property.thirst=100;
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-    return;
-}
-var generate_incorrect_choice_screen=func()
-{
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|            make a correct choice.             |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-}
-var generate_goodbye_screen=func()
-{
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|              see you next life.               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-}
-var store_file=func()
-{
-    var str=role_property.health~'\n'~role_property.mood~'\n'~role_property.satiety~'\n'~role_property.thirst~'\n';
-    io.fout("game-left-in-corner.glic",str);
-    var str_list=[
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                  data stored.                 |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "|                                               |",
-        "+-----------------------------------------------+"
-    ];
-    foreach(var i;str_list)
-        screen.pic_addline(i);
-    return;
-}
-var get_file=func()
-{
-    var str=io.fin("game-left-in-corner.glic");
-    print(str);
-    return;
-}
-var game_main=func()
-{
-    first_shown_info();
-    screen.clear();
-    generate_role_property();
-    generate_choose_list();
-    screen.prt_screen();
-    while(1)
-    {
-        screen.clear();
-        print("|your choice[1|2|3|4]:                          |");
-        var choice=input();
-        if((choice!='1') and (choice!='2') and (choice!='3') and (choice!='4'))
-            generate_incorrect_choice_screen();
-        elsif(choice=='1')
-            next_step();
-        elsif(choice=='2')
-            restart();
-        elsif(choice=='3')
-            store_file();
-        elsif(choice=='4')
-        {
-            system("cls");
-            screen.clear();
-            generate_goodbye_screen();
-            generate_role_property();
-            generate_choose_list();
-            screen.prt_screen();
-            break;
-        }
-        system("cls");
-        generate_role_property();
-        generate_choose_list();
-        screen.prt_screen();
-        if(role_property.health==0 or role_property.mood==0 or role_property.satiety==0 or role_property.thirst==0)
-        {
-            print("|you died.                                      |");
-            print("+-----------------------------------------------+");
-            system("pause");
-            screen.clear();
-            restart();
-            system("cls");
-            generate_role_property();
-            generate_choose_list();
-            screen.prt_screen();
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}
-game_main();

test/mandelbrot.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var (yMin,yMax,xMin,xMax,line)=(-0.2,0.2,-1.5,-1.0,"");
+var (yDel,xDel)=(yMax-yMin,xMax-xMin);
+for(var yPixel=0;yPixel<24;yPixel+=1)
+{
+    var y=(yPixel/24)*yDel+yMin;
+    for(var xPixel=0;xPixel<80;xPixel+=1)
+    {
+        var x=(xPixel/80)*xDel+xMin;
+        var pixel=" ";
+        var (x0,y0)=(x,y);
+        for(var iter=0;iter<80;iter+=1)
+        {
+            var x1=(x0*x0)-(y0*y0)+x;
+            var y1=2*x0*y0+y;
+            (x0,y0)=(x1,y1);
+            if((x0*x0)+(y0*y0)>4)
+            {
+                pixel=chr(" .:;+=xX$&"[iter/8]);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        line~=pixel;
+    }
+    line~='\n';
+}
+print(line);

test/nasal_test.nas

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-#//This is written for Nasal Intepreter
-#//Sidi Liang
-
+# This is written for Nasal Intepreter
+# Sidi Liang
+import("lib.nas");
 var w = 1;
 var x = "hello";
 var f = func(){
-    print("f is called");
+    println("f is called");
 }
 var f2 = func(){
     return 2;
@@ -28,71 +28,27 @@ var z1 = {
     hashh:z
 };
 var y2 = [w, x, y, z1];
-
 var z2 = {
     hashh: z1,
     listt2: y2,
 };
 
-print(w);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(x);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(y);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(z);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(z1);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(y2);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(y[0]);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(y1[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(z.numb);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(z.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(z1.hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(y2[3].hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(f);#//Empty
-print("\n");
+println(w);#//1
+println(x);#//hello
+println(y);#//[1,hello]
+println(z);#//{...}
+println(z1);#//{...}
+println(y2);#//[...]
+println(y[0]);#//1
+println(y1[2][1]);#//hello
+println(z.numb);#//1
+println(z.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(z1.hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(y2[3].hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(f);#//func(...){...}
 f();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(z.funcc);#//Empty
-print("\n");
+println(z.funcc);#//func(...){...}
 z.funcc();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(z.funcccall);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-z.funcccall();#//f is called
-print("\n");
+println(z.funcccall);#//nil
 z2.listt2[3].hashh.funcc();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(y1[f2()][w]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-#//print(z.f3()); Error
-call(f);#//f is called
-print("\n");
-call(z.funcc);#//f is called
-print("\n");
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+println(y1[f2()][w]);#//hello

test/neo4j.nas

@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-
-rand(time(0));
-var chartable=split('','abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789');
-var node=func(type)
-{
-    var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
-        s~=chartable[rand()*62];
-    return {name:s,type:type,next:[]};
-}
-var film_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<1000;i+=1)
-    append(film_node,node("film"));
-var director_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<400;i+=1)
-    append(director_node,node("direct"));
-var actor_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<2000;i+=1)
-    append(actor_node,node("actor"));
-var writer_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<300;i+=1)
-    append(writer_node,node("writer"));
-var type_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<20;i+=1)
-    append(type_node,node("type"));
-var lang_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<120;i+=1)
-    append(lang_node,node("lang"));
-var country_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<120;i+=1)
-    append(country_node,node("country"));
-
-func()
-{
-    var director_size=size(director_node);
-    var actor_size=size(actor_node);
-    var writer_size=size(writer_node);
-    var type_size=size(type_node);
-    var lang_size=size(lang_node);
-    var country_size=size(country_node);
-
-    var director_link=int(1+rand()*2);
-    var actor_link=int(1+rand()*10);
-    var writer_link=int(1+rand());
-    var type_link=int(1+rand()*3);
-    var lang_link=int(1+rand()*4);
-    var country_link=int(1+rand()*2);
-    foreach(var film;film_node)
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<director_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var director=director_node[rand()*director_size];
-            append(film.next,director);
-            append(director.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<actor_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var actor=actor_node[rand()*actor_size];
-            append(film.next,actor);
-            append(actor.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<writer_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var writer=writer_node[rand()*writer_size];
-            append(film.next,writer);
-            append(writer.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<type_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var _type=type_node[rand()*type_size];
-            append(film.next,_type);
-            append(_type.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<lang_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var lang=lang_node[rand()*lang_size];
-            append(film.next,lang);
-            append(lang.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<country_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var country=country_node[rand()*country_size];
-            append(film.next,country);
-            append(country.next,film);
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}();
-
-
-var film_list=[];
-var count_list=[];
-for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
-{
-    append(film_list,film_node[i]);
-    append(count_list,1);
-}
-
-var sort_list=func(begin,end)
-{
-    for(var i=begin;i<end;i+=1)
-    {
-        var index=i;
-        for(var j=i+1;j<end;j+=1)
-            if(count_list[index]<count_list[j])
-                index=j;
-        if(index!=i)
-        {
-            var tmp=film_list[i];
-            film_list[i]=film_list[index];
-            film_list[index]=tmp;
-            tmp=count_list[i];
-            count_list[i]=count_list[index];
-            count_list[index]=tmp;
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-while(1)
-{
-    var list_size=size(film_list);
-    list_size=list_size>10?10:list_size;
-    for(var i=0;i<list_size;i+=1)
-        print(i,'\t:',film_list[i].name,'\t',count_list[i]);
-    var choose=input();
-    if(choose=="exit")
-        break;
-    if(num(choose)>=list_size)
-        die("choose a correct index");
-    var label_list=film_node[num(choose)].next;
-    film_list=[];
-    count_list=[];
-    foreach(var label;label_list)
-        foreach(var film;label.next)
-        {
-            var has=0;
-            for(var i=0;i<size(film_list);i+=1)
-                if(film_list[i].name==film.name)
-                {
-                    has=1;
-                    count_list[i]+=rand();
-                    break;
-                }
-            if(has==0)
-            {
-                append(film_list,film);
-                append(count_list,1);
-            }
-        }
-    sort_list(0,size(film_list));
-}
-
-foreach(var film;film_node)
-    setsize(film.next,0);

test/pi.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var (t,res)=(1,0);
+for(var m=1;m<4e6;m+=2)
+{
+    res+=t*1/m;
+    t=-t;
+}
+println(res*4);

test/prop.nas

@@ -1,246 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-
-var property_tree=
-{
-    accelerations:
-    {
-        'n-z-cg-fps_sec':0,
-        ned:
-        {
-            'down-accel-fps_sec':0,
-            'east-accel-fps_sec':0,
-            'north-accel-fps_sec':0,
-        },
-        nlf:0,
-        pilot:
-        {
-            'x-accel-fps_sec':0,
-            'y-accel-fps_sec':0,
-            'z-accel-fps_sec':0,
-        },
-        'pilot-g':1,
-        'pilot-gdamped':1
-    },
-    ai:
-    {
-        models:
-        {
-            carrier:
-            {
-                callsign:'',
-                controls:{},
-                environment:{},
-                id:2,
-                name:'Nimitz',
-                navaids:{},
-                orientation:{},
-                position:{},
-                radar:{},
-                sign:'CVN-68',
-                sim:{},
-                subID:0,
-                submodels:
-                {
-                    path:'',
-                    serviceable:1
-                },
-                'surface-positions':{},
-                type:'AI',
-                valid:1,
-                velocities:{},
-                waypoint:{}
-            },
-            'carrier[1]':
-            {
-                callsign:'',
-                controls:{},
-                environment:{},
-                id:3,
-                name:'Eisenhower',
-                navaids:{},
-                orientation:{},
-                position:{},
-                radar:{},
-                sign:'CVN-69',
-                sim:{},
-                subID:0,
-                submodels:
-                {
-                    path:'',
-                    serviceable:0
-                },
-                'surface-positions':{},
-                type:'AI',
-                valid:1,
-                velocities:{},
-                waypoint:{}
-            },
-            count:2,
-            'model-added':'/ai[0]/models[0]/carrier[1]',
-            'model-removed':nil,
-            'num-players':0
-        },
-        submodels:
-        {
-            contrails:0
-        },
-    },
-    aircraft:
-    {
-        icao:
-        {
-            equipment:'SDFGY',
-            surveillance:'S',
-            type:'ZZZZ',
-            'wake-turbulence-category':'L'
-        },
-        performance:
-        {
-            approach:
-            {
-                'airspeed-knots':150,
-            },
-            climb:'\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t',
-            cruise:
-            {
-                'airspeed-knots':1000,
-                'altitude-ft':4500,
-            },
-            descent:'\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t',
-            maximum:'\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t',
-            minimum:'\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t',
-        },
-        settings:
-        {
-            fuel_persistent:0,
-            ground_services_persistent:0,
-            radio_persistent:0,
-            tooltips:1,
-            weight_persistent:0
-        }
-    },
-    autopilot:
-    {
-        internal:{},
-        locks:{},
-        'route-manager':{},
-        settings:{},
-        'target-tracking':{},
-    },
-    canvas:
-    {
-        'by-index':
-        {
-            texture:
-            {
-                background:'rgba(0,0,0,0)',
-                group:{},
-                name:'Tooltip',
-                placement:{},
-                size:600,
-                'size[1]':200,
-                status:0,
-                'status-msg':'OK',
-                view:300,
-                'view[1]':100
-            },
-            'texture[1]':
-            {
-                background:'rgba(0,0,0,0)',
-                group:{},
-                mipmapping:1,
-                name:'SymbolCache1024x1024',
-                placement:{},
-                size:1024,
-                'size[1]':1024,
-                status:0,
-                'status-msg':'OK',
-                view:1024,
-                'view[1]':1024
-            },
-            'texture[2]':
-            {
-                background:'rgba(0,0,0,0)',
-                group:{},
-                mipmapping:1,
-                name:'SymbolCache1024x1024',
-                placement:{},
-                size:1024,
-                'size[1]':1024,
-                status:0,
-                'status-msg':'OK',
-                view:1024,
-                'view[1]':1024
-            },
-        }
-    },
-    command:{},
-    consumables:{},
-    controls:{},
-    cursor:'Aircraft/ufo/Models/cursor.ac',
-    devices:{},
-    earthview:{},
-    engines:{},
-    environment:{},
-    ephemeris:{},
-    fdm:{},
-    gear:{},
-    hazards:{},
-    input:{},
-    instrumentation:{},
-    'local-weather':{},
-    logging:{},
-    models:{},
-    nasal:{},
-    orientation:{},
-    position:{},
-    rendering:{},
-    scenery:{},
-    sim:{},
-    source:'Models',
-    'surface-positions':{},
-    systems:{},
-    velocities:{},
-};
-
-var setprop=func(prop,value)
-{
-    if(type(prop)!="string")
-        die("setprop: prop is not a string");
-    var path=split('/',prop);
-    var tmp=property_tree;
-    var path_size=size(path);
-    for(var i=0;i<path_size-1;i+=1)
-        tmp=tmp[path[i]];
-    tmp[path[path_size-1]]=value;
-    return;
-}
-var getprop=func(prop)
-{
-    if(type(prop)!="string")
-        die("getprop: prop is not a string");
-    var path=split('/',prop);
-    var tmp=property_tree;
-    foreach(var i;path)
-        tmp=tmp[i];
-    return tmp;
-}
-setprop("aircraft/icao/type",'IDG MD-11');
-
-var print_prop=func(depth,prop)
-{
-    var s='';
-    for(var i=0;i<depth;i+=1)
-        s~='|  ';
-    if(type(prop)!="hash")
-        return;
-    var m=keys(prop);
-    foreach(var elem;m)
-    {
-        print(s,elem,':',prop[elem]);
-        print_prop(depth+1,prop[elem]);
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-print_prop(0,property_tree);

test/props.nas

@@ -9,6 +9,24 @@
 # local node, there is no equivalent of the "relative path" variants
 # available in C++; just use node.getNode(path).whatever() instead.
 #
+
+##
+# Utility.  Turns any ghosts it finds (either solo, or in an
+# array) into Node objects.
+#
+var wrap = func(node) {
+    var argtype = typeof(node);
+    if(argtype == "ghost") {
+        return wrapNode(node);
+    } elsif(argtype == "vector") {
+        var v = node;
+        var n = size(v);
+        for(var i=0; i<n; i+=1) { v[i] = wrapNode(v[i]); }
+        return v;
+    }
+    return node;
+}
+
 var Node = {
     getNode          : func wrap(_getNode(me._g, arg)),
     getParent        : func wrap(_getParent(me._g, arg)),
@@ -166,23 +184,6 @@ var copy = func(src, dest, attr = 0) {
     if(attr) dest.setAttribute(src.getAttribute());
 }
 
-##
-# Utility.  Turns any ghosts it finds (either solo, or in an
-# array) into Node objects.
-#
-var wrap = func(node) {
-    var argtype = typeof(node);
-    if(argtype == "ghost") {
-        return wrapNode(node);
-    } elsif(argtype == "vector") {
-        var v = node;
-        var n = size(v);
-        for(var i=0; i<n; i+=1) { v[i] = wrapNode(v[i]); }
-        return v;
-    }
-    return node;
-}
-
 ##
 # Utility.  Returns a new object with its superclass/parent set to the
 # Node object and its _g (ghost) field set to the specified object.

test/queue.nas

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# lib queue.nas
-var block_alloc=func()
-{
-    return {elem:nil,next:nil};
-}
-var new_queue=func()
-{
-    return {next:nil};
-}
-var queue_push=func(queue,elem)
-{
-    var tmp=queue;
-    while(tmp.next!=nil)
-        tmp=tmp.next;
-    tmp.next=block_alloc();
-    tmp.next.elem=elem;
-}
-var queue_pop=func(queue)
-{
-    var tmp=queue.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        queue.next=tmp.next;
-    return;
-}
-var queue_front=func(queue)
-{
-    var tmp=queue.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        return tmp.elem;
-    return nil;
-}
-var queue_empty=func(queue)
-{
-    return queue.next==nil;
-}

test/quick_sort.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var sort=func(vec,left,right)
+{
+    if(left>=right) return;
+    var (L,R,tmp)=(left,right,vec[left]);
+    while(left<right)
+    {
+        while(left<right and tmp<=vec[right])
+            right-=1;
+        while(left<right and tmp>=vec[left])
+            left+=1;
+        if(left!=right)
+            (vec[left],vec[right])=(vec[right],vec[left]);
+    }
+    (vec[L],vec[left])=(vec[left],tmp);
+    sort(vec,L,left-1);
+    sort(vec,left+1,R);
+    return;
+}
+var vec=[];
+rand(time(0));
+for(var i=0;i<200;i+=1)
+    append(vec,int(rand()*1000));
+sort(vec,0,size(vec)-1);
+println(vec);

test/scalar.nas

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # basic type
+import("lib.nas");
 nil;
 2147483647;
 0x7fffffff;
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ var hash_4={
 
 # function
 var func_1=func(){return 1;}
-var prt=func(x){print(x);return nil;}
+var prt=func(x){println(x);return nil;}
 var func_with_dynamic_id=func(a,b,c,d...){return [a,b,c,d];}
 var func_with_lack_para=func(a,b,c=1,d=2){return a+b+c+d;}
 var func_with_func_para=func(a,f){return f(a);}
@@ -72,21 +73,21 @@ var source={
  member_1: func func_1(),         # this will get a number
  member_2: func {return 2.71828;} # this will get a function
 };
-print(source['member_2']());
-print(source.member_2());
+println(source['member_2']());
+println(source.member_2());
 
 var test_func=func{return 1;}
-print(func test_func());       # 1
-print(test_func());            # 1
-print(func test_func);         # nothing
-print(test_func);              # nothing
-print(([0,1,2,3])[1]);         # 1
-print(({str:"what?"})["str"]); # what?
-print(({str:"what?"}).str);    # what?
+println(func test_func());       # 1
+println(test_func());            # 1
+println(func test_func);         # nothing
+println(test_func);              # nothing
+println(([0,1,2,3])[1]);         # 1
+println(({str:"what?"})["str"]); # what?
+println(({str:"what?"}).str);    # what?
 
 # lambda
 (func(x){return x>0? x:0;})(12);
-(func{print("hello world");})();
+(func{println("hello world");})();
 (((func(x){return 1.0/math.exp(x);})))(0);
 
 # flexible definition & assignment
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ var multi_assign_2=[10,9,8,7];
 ((-1*2+9))/7-1;
 ((({num:2})))["num"]*2*2*2;
 ((((([0,1,2])[0:2]))[0:2]))[1]-1;
-(((((((((((((((((((1+1+2+3+5)+8))+13)))+21))))+34)))))+55))))*89;
+println((((((((((((((((((((1+1+2+3+5)+8))+13)))+21))))+34)))))+55))))*89); # 12727
 number_1*(number_2+number_3)/90-number_4;
 (func test_func)()-1;
 hash_3.member_3+(func {return {what:"i don't tell you.",case_small:80,case_large:100}})()["case_large"]/10;
@@ -123,4 +124,29 @@ nil and 1+7*8;
 (number_1 or number_2) and (number_3 or number_4-number_4*1);
 [0,1,4,3,2][4]*2-4+1*2*2*2*2*2/8;
 {num:0}.num or {what_is_the_secret_of_universe:42}["what_is_the_secret_of_universe"];
-"123"~"456"-123456*2/2;
+"123"~"456"-123456*2/2;
+
+var hash={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
+var tmp_f=hash.f;
+hash=1;
+println(tmp_f());
+# undefined symbol 'me'
+# this means that 
+# when generating local_scope for function f,
+# nasal_gc will not count 'me' as one reference of this hash
+
+var h1={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
+var h2={str:'world',f:func{return nil;}};
+h2.f=h1.f;
+println(h2.f());
+# print 'world'
+# this means that 'me' in hash's functions
+# only points to the hash this function belongs to
+
+var f1=func(){println(1);return 1;}
+var f2=func(){println(2);return 0;}
+f1() or f2();
+# print '1'
+# this means that when using 'or' or 'and',
+# if the result is clear when calculating,
+# objects behind will not be calculated

test/scope.nas

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-var global_value=0;
-var global_hash=
-{
-    var1:1,
-    var2:2,
-    var3:func(){return me.var2;}
-};
-print(global_value);
-print(global_hash.var3());
-
-var func1=func()
-{
-    global_value=1;
-    print(global_value);
-    var closure_value=1;
-    var temp_value=1;
-    print(temp_value);
-    return func{return closure_value;};
-}
-
-var func2=func()
-{
-    for(var temp_value=0;temp_value<100;temp_value+=1)
-    {
-        if(temp_value<10)
-            print(temp_value,"< 10");
-        elsif(10<=temp_value and temp_value<50)
-            print(temp_value,"< 50");
-        temp_value=10;
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-var func3=func()
-{
-    var fake_closure_value=1;
-    return func()
-    {
-        var fake_closure_value=2;
-        return fake_closure_value;
-    };
-}
-
-func1()();
-func2();
-func3()();
-
-if(!global_value)
-{
-    var temp_value=1;
-    if(temp_value)
-    {
-        var temp_value=2;
-        if(temp_value>=1)
-        {
-            var temp_value=3;
-            print(temp_value);
-        }
-        print(temp_value);
-    }
-    print(temp_value);
-}

test/special.nas

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-var hash={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
-var tmp_f=hash.f;
-hash=1;
-print(tmp_f());
-# undefined symbol 'me'
-# this means that 
-# when generating local_scope for function f,
-# nasal_gc will not count 'me' as one reference of this hash
-
-var h1={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
-var h2={str:'world',f:func{return nil;}};
-h2.f=h1.f;
-print(h2.f());
-# print 'world'
-# this means that 'me' in hash's functions
-# only points to the hash this function belongs to
-
-var f1=func(){print(1);return 1;}
-var f2=func(){print(2);return 0;}
-f1() or f2();
-# print '1'
-# this means that when using 'or' or 'and',
-# if the result is clear when calculating,
-# objects behind will not be calculated

test/stack.nas

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# lib stack.nas
-var block_alloc=func()
-{
-    return {elem:nil,next:nil};
-}
-var new_stack=func()
-{
-    return {next:nil};
-}
-var stack_push=func(stack,elem)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    stack.next=block_alloc();
-    stack.next.elem=elem;
-    stack.next.next=tmp;
-}
-var stack_pop=func(stack)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        stack.next=tmp.next;
-    return;
-}
-var stack_top=func(stack)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        return tmp.elem;
-    return nil;
-}
-var stack_empty=func(stack)
-{
-    return stack.next==nil;
-}

test/string.nas

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-var filename="";
-
-filename=input();
-print(filename[0]);