homework-jianmu/docs/en/27-train-faq/03-password.md

title	description
Usage of Special Characters in Passwords	Usage of special characters in user passwords in TDengine

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TDengine user passwords must meet the following rules:

1. The username must not exceed 23 bytes.
2. The password length must be between 8 and 255 characters.
3. The range of password characters:
   1. Uppercase letters: A-Z
   2. Lowercase letters: a-z
   3. Numbers: 0-9
   4. Special characters: ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) - _ + = [ ] { } : ; > < ? | ~ , .
4. When strong password is enabled (EnableStrongPassword 1, enabled by default), the password must contain at least three of the following categories: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. When not enabled, there are no restrictions on character types.

Usage Guide for Special Characters in Different Components

Take the username user1 and password Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{} as an example.

CREATE USER user1 PASS 'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}';

In the TDengine Command Line Interface (CLI), note the following:

• If the -p parameter is used without a password, you will be prompted to enter a password, and any acceptable characters can be entered.
• If the -p parameter is used with a password, and the password contains special characters, single quotes must be used.

Login with user user1:

taos -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}'
taos -u user1 -pAb1\!\@\#\$\%\^\&\*\(\)\-\_\+\=\[\]\{\}

In taosdump, note the following:

• If the -p parameter is used without a password, you will be prompted to enter a password, and any acceptable characters can be entered.
• If the -p parameter is used with a password, and the password contains special characters, single quotes or escaping must be used.

Backup database test with user user1:

taosdump -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' -D test
taosdump -u user1 -pAb1\!\@\#\$\%\^\&\*\(\)\-\_\+\=\[\]\{\} -D test

In taosBenchmark, note the following:

• If the -p parameter is used without a password, you will be prompted to enter a password, and any acceptable characters can be entered.
• If the -p parameter is used with a password, and the password contains special characters, single quotes or escaping must be used.

Example of data write test with user user1:

taosBenchmark -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' -d test -y

When using taosBenchmark -f <JSON>, there are no restrictions on the password in the JSON file.

taosX uses DSN to represent TDengine connections, in the format: (taos|tmq)[+ws]://<user>:<pass>@<ip>:<port>, where <pass> can contain special characters, such as: taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@192.168.10.10:6041.

Example of exporting data with user user1:

taosx -f 'taos://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6030?query=select * from test.t1' \
  -t 'csv:./test.csv'

Note that if the password can be URL decoded, the URL decoded result will be used as the password. For example: taos+ws://user1:Ab1%21%40%23%24%25%5E%26%2A%28%29-_%2B%3D%5B%5D%7B%7D@localhost:6041 is equivalent to taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6041.

No special handling is required in Explorer, just use it directly.

When using special character passwords in JDBC, the password needs to be URL encoded, as shown below:

package com.taosdata.example;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import com.taosdata.jdbc.TSDBDriver;

public class JdbcPassDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}";
		String encodedPassword = URLEncoder.encode(password, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
		String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:TAOS-WS://localhost:6041";
		Properties connProps = new Properties();
		connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_USER, "user1");
		connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_PASSWORD, encodedPassword);
		connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_ENABLE_AUTO_RECONNECT, "true");
		connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_CHARSET, "UTF-8");
		connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_TIME_ZONE, "UTC-8");

		try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, connProps)) {
			System.out.println("Connected to " + jdbcUrl + " successfully.");

			// you can use the connection for execute SQL here

		} catch (Exception ex) {
			// please refer to the JDBC specifications for detailed exceptions info
			System.out.printf("Failed to connect to %s, %sErrMessage: %s%n",
					jdbcUrl,
					ex instanceof SQLException ? "ErrCode: " + ((SQLException) ex).getErrorCode() + ", " : "",
					ex.getMessage());
			// Print stack trace for context in examples. Use logging in production.
			ex.printStackTrace();
			throw ex;
		}
	}
}

No special handling is required for special character passwords in Python, as shown below:

import taos
import taosws


def create_connection():
    host = "localhost"
    port = 6030
    return taos.connect(
        user="user1",
        password="Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}",
        host=host,
        port=port,
    )

def create_ws_connection():
    host = "localhost"
    port = 6041
    return taosws.connect(
        user="user1",
        password="Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}",
        host=host,
        port=port,
    )


def show_databases(conn):
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute("show databases")
    print(cursor.fetchall())
    cursor.close()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print("Connect with native protocol")
    conn = create_connection()
    show_databases(conn)
    print("Connect with websocket protocol")
    conn = create_ws_connection()
    show_databases(conn)

Starting from version 3.6.0, Go supports passwords containing special characters, which need to be encoded using encodeURIComponent.

package main

import (
	"database/sql"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/url"

	_ "github.com/taosdata/driver-go/v3/taosWS"
)

func main() {
	var user = "user1"
	var password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}"
	var encodedPassword = url.QueryEscape(password)
	var taosDSN = user + ":" + encodedPassword + "@ws(localhost:6041)/"
	taos, err := sql.Open("taosWS", taosDSN)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalln("Failed to connect to " + taosDSN + "; ErrMessage: " + err.Error())
	}
	fmt.Println("Connected to " + taosDSN + " successfully.")
	defer taos.Close()
}

In Rust, DSN is used to represent TDengine connections, in the format: (taos|tmq)[+ws]://<user>:<pass>@<ip>:<port>, where <pass> can contain special characters, such as: taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@192.168.10.10:6041.

let dsn = "taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6041";
let connection = TaosBuilder::from_dsn(&dsn)?.build().await?;

Starting from version 3.1.5, the Node.js connector supports passwords containing all valid characters.

const taos = require("@tdengine/websocket");

let dsn = 'ws://localhost:6041';
async function createConnect() {
    try {
        let conf = new taos.WSConfig(dsn);
        conf.setUser('user1');
        conf.setPwd('Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}');
        conf.setDb('test');
        conn = await taos.sqlConnect(conf);
        console.log("Connected to " + dsn + " successfully.");
        return conn;
    } catch (err) {
        console.log("Connection failed with code: " + err.code + ", message: " + err.message);
        throw err;
    }
}

createConnect()

When using passwords in C#, note that connection strings do not support semicolons (as semicolons are delimiters). In this case, you can construct the ConnectionStringBuilder without a password, and then set the username and password.

As shown below:

var builder = new ConnectionStringBuilder("host=localhost;port=6030");
builder.Username = "user1";
builder.Password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}";
using (var client = DbDriver.Open(builder)){}

There are no restrictions on passwords in C.

TAOS *taos = taos_connect("localhost", "user1", "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}", NULL, 6030);

When using passwords in REST API, note the following:

• Passwords use Basic Auth, in the format Authorization: Basic base64(<user>:<pass>).
• Passwords containing colons : are not supported.

The following two methods are equivalent:

curl -u'user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' \
  -d 'show databases' http://localhost:6041/rest/sql
curl -H 'Authorization: Basic dXNlcjE6QWIxIUAjJCVeJiooKS1fKz1bXXt9' \
  -d 'show databases' http://localhost:6041/rest/sql