147 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
147 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# SQL基础教程学习笔记（team-learning-sql）
|
||
|
||
# 最新项目地址为 [https://github.com/datawhalechina/wonderful-sql](https://github.com/datawhalechina/wonderful-sql)
|
||
|
||
SQL 在诸多工作中应用广泛，数据分析、开发、测试、维护、产品经理都有可能会用到SQL，而在大学里曾经系统学习SQL的人比较少，
|
||
这就要求我们在工作中来学习SQL。然而，自己学习很容易走弯路。笔者通过近几年的摸索学习，发现了一本很好的教材[《SQL基础教程 第2版》](https://book.douban.com/subject/27055712/)作者：MICK,
|
||
我如获至宝，心想这么好的教材应该让更多的人了解到，以便小伙伴们少走弯路，于是乎，我就联合DataWhale团队成员编写了这一版学习笔记。希望可以帮你更好的学习SQL。
|
||
|
||
## 使用方法
|
||
|
||
考虑到易用性和普及度，课程内容采用`MySql`进行介绍，对教材内容进行了整合，具体的目录参见下方，每个章节附带了练习题，最后一个章节是
|
||
leetcode练习题和大厂面试题，顺利完成本课程学习后，应付初级SQL面试不在话下，还等什么呢？现在就开始吧~~
|
||
|
||
## 目录
|
||
|
||
* Task00：绪论 - 环境搭建
|
||
- [x] [1. MySQL 8.0 的安装](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task00%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%AA%E8%AE%BA%20-%20%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA.md#1-mysql-80-%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85)
|
||
- [x] [2. 连接 MySQL 并执行 SQL 查询](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task00%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%AA%E8%AE%BA%20-%20%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E6%90%AD%E5%BB%BA.md#2-%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5-mysql-%E5%B9%B6%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C-sql-%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2)
|
||
|
||
* Task01：初识数据库
|
||
- [x] [1.1 初识数据库](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task01%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93.md#11-%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93)
|
||
- [x] [1.2 初识SQL](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task01%EF%BC%9A%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93.md#11-%E5%88%9D%E8%AF%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93)
|
||
|
||
* Task02：基础查询与排序
|
||
- [x] [2.1 SELECT语句基础](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task02%EF%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F.md#21-select%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80)
|
||
- [x] [2.2 算术运算符和比较运算符](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task02%EF%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F.md#22-%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%AF%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%8C%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6)
|
||
- [x] [2.3 逻辑运算符](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task02%EF%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F.md#23-%E9%80%BB%E8%BE%91%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6)
|
||
- [x] [2.4 对表进行聚合查询](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task02%EF%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F.md#24-%E5%AF%B9%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2)
|
||
- [x] [2.5 对表进行分组](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task02%EF%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F.md#25-%E5%AF%B9%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%9B%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%86%E7%BB%84)
|
||
- [x] [2.6 为聚合结果指定条件](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task02%EF%BC%9A%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E4%B8%8E%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F.md#26-%E4%B8%BA%E8%81%9A%E5%90%88%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%9C%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6)
|
||
|
||
* Task03：复杂一点的查询
|
||
- [x] [3.1 视图](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task03%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2.md#31-%E8%A7%86%E5%9B%BE)
|
||
- [x] [3.2 子查询](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task03%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2.md#33-%E5%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E5%90%84%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)
|
||
- [x] [3.3 各种各样的函数](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task03%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2.md#33-%E5%90%84%E7%A7%8D%E5%90%84%E6%A0%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)
|
||
- [x] [3.4 谓词](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task03%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2.md#34-%E8%B0%93%E8%AF%8D)
|
||
- [x] [3.5 CASE 表达式](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task03%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E4%B8%80%E7%82%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2.md#35-case-%E8%A1%A8%E8%BE%BE%E5%BC%8F)
|
||
|
||
* Task04：集合运算
|
||
- [x] [4.1 表的加减法](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task04%EF%BC%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97.md#41-%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A0%E5%87%8F%E6%B3%95)
|
||
- [x] [4.2 连结(JOIN)](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task04%EF%BC%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%90%88%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97.md#42-%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%93join)
|
||
|
||
* Task05：SQL高级处理
|
||
- [x] [5.1 窗口函数](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task05%EF%BC%9ASQL%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.md#51-%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0)
|
||
- [x] [5.2 窗口函数种类](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task05%EF%BC%9ASQL%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.md#52-%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%A7%8D%E7%B1%BB)
|
||
- [x] [5.3 窗口函数的的应用 - 计算移动平均](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task05%EF%BC%9ASQL%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.md#53-%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E7%9A%84%E7%9A%84%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8---%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%B9%B3%E5%9D%87)
|
||
- [x] [5.4 GROUPING运算符](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task05%EF%BC%9ASQL%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86.md#54-grouping%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6)
|
||
|
||
* Task06：综合练习
|
||
- [x] [6.1 练习一: 各部门工资最高的员工（难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E4%B8%80-%E5%90%84%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8%E5%B7%A5%E8%B5%84%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%9A%84%E5%91%98%E5%B7%A5%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.2 练习二: 换座位（难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E4%BA%8C-%E6%8D%A2%E5%BA%A7%E4%BD%8D%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.3 练习三: 分数排名（难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E4%B8%89--%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.4 练习四：连续出现的数字（难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E5%9B%9B%E8%BF%9E%E7%BB%AD%E5%87%BA%E7%8E%B0%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.5 练习五：树节点 （难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E4%BA%94%E6%A0%91%E8%8A%82%E7%82%B9-%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.6 练习六：至少有五名直接下属的经理 （难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E5%85%AD%E8%87%B3%E5%B0%91%E6%9C%89%E4%BA%94%E5%90%8D%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E4%B8%8B%E5%B1%9E%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%8F%E7%90%86-%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.7 练习七: 分数排名 （难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E4%B8%83-%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D--%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.8 练习八：查询回答率最高的问题 （难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E5%85%AB%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%A2%E5%9B%9E%E7%AD%94%E7%8E%87%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E7%9A%84%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98-%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.9 练习九：各部门前3高工资的员工（难度：中等）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E4%B9%9D%E5%90%84%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8%E5%89%8D3%E9%AB%98%E5%B7%A5%E8%B5%84%E7%9A%84%E5%91%98%E5%B7%A5%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%AD%E7%AD%89)
|
||
- [x] [6.10 练习十：平面上最近距离 (难度: 困难）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E8%B7%9D%E7%A6%BB-%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6-%E5%9B%B0%E9%9A%BE)
|
||
- [x] [6.11 练习十一：行程和用户（难度：困难）](https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/Task06%EF%BC%9A%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0.md#%E7%BB%83%E4%B9%A0%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%8C%E7%A8%8B%E5%92%8C%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E9%9A%BE%E5%BA%A6%E5%9B%B0%E9%9A%BE)
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 常见问题
|
||
|
||
- **在线教程页面无法打开**:
|
||
|
||
测试中存在部分人打不开在线教程的情况。
|
||
|
||
部分小伙伴反馈尝试切换浏览器后可以正常打开了，如果仍然不行，最有效的解决办法是科学上网。
|
||
|
||
- **无法加载图片的解决办法**:
|
||
|
||
根本解决办法还是科学上网，也可以尝试修改host文件看下是否能解决。
|
||
|
||
[windows解决方案：修改host文件](https://blog.csdn.net/u011583927/article/details/104384169)
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 致谢
|
||
|
||
感谢以下Datawhale成员对项目推进作出的贡献（排名不分先后）：
|
||
|
||
<table align="center" style="width:80%;">
|
||
<caption><b>贡献者名单</b></caption>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>成员</th>
|
||
<th>个人简介及贡献</th>
|
||
<th>个人主页</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">王复振</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">Datawhale成员，项目负责人，Task00/01/03内容构建 </td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/mba1398">CSDN博客</a></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">杨煜</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">数据分析师，公众号：BI数据可视化，Datawhale成员，Task05/06内容构建</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">闫钟峰</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">图书馆员，Datawhale成员，Task00/04内容构建</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">杨梦迪</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">上海大学硕士，Datawhale成员，Task02内容构建</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">苏鹏</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">东北大学硕士，Datawhale成员，Task00/01/03内容构建</td>
|
||
<td><a href="https://github.com/SuperSupeng">Github</a></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">红星</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">广东工业大学，Datawhale成员，内测小组成员</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">张晋</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">北京理工大学，Datawhale成员，内测小组成员</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">汪健麟</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">电子科技大学硕士，Datawhale成员，内测小组成员</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">苏丽敏</span></td>
|
||
<td><span style="font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;text-decoration:none">北京理工大学硕士，Datawhale成员，助教</td>
|
||
<td></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 关注我们
|
||
|
||
> "Datawhale是一个专注AI领域的开源组织，以“for the learner，和学习者一起成长”为愿景，构建对学习者最有价值的开源学习社区。关注我们，一起学习成长。"
|
||
|
||
<img src="https://github.com/datawhalechina/team-learning-sql/blob/main/img/datawhale_code.jpeg" width="175" height= "200">
|