prepare for version 8.0

change program to command line
change trace back info
change print function of nasal_vec and nasal_hash

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2021 ValKmjolnir
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -1,54 +1,129 @@
 # Nasal Script Language
 
+## Introduction
+
 [Nasal](http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_scripting_language) is a script language that used in [FlightGear](https://www.flightgear.org/).
 
+The interpreter is totally rewritten by ValKmjolnir using C++(standard c++11) without reusing the code in Andy Ross's nasal interpreter(<https://github.com/andyross/nasal>). But we really appreciate that Andy created this amazing programming language and his interpreter project.
+
 The interpreter is still in development(now it works well --2021/2/15). We really need your support!
 
 Also,i am a member of [FGPRC](https://www.fgprc.org/), welcome to join us!
 
-# Why Writing Nasal Interpreter
+(2021/5/4) Now this project uses MIT license.Edit it if you want, use this project to learn or create more interesting things(But don't forget me XD).
 
-Nasal is a script language first used in Flightgear.
+## Why Writing Nasal Interpreter
+
+Nasal is a script language first used in Flightgear, created by Andy Ross(<https://github.com/andyross>).
 
 But in last summer holiday, members in FGPRC told me that it is hard to debug with nasal-console in Flightgear, especially when checking syntax errors.
 
 So i tried to write a new interpreter to help them checking syntax error and even, runtime error.
 
-I wrote the lexer, parser and runtime(bytecode virtual machine/ast-runtime virtual machine) to help checking errors.
+I wrote the lexer, parser and runtimebytecode virtual machine(there was an ast-interpreter,but i deleted it after version4.0) to help checking errors.
 
-They found it easier for them to check errors before copying nasal-codes in nasal-console in Flightgear to test.
+They found it much easier to check syntax and runtime errors before copying nasal-codes in nasal-console in Flightgear to test.
 
-# How to Compile
+Also, you could use this language to write some interesting programs and run them without the lib of Flightgear.
 
-> g++ -std=c++11 main.cpp -o main.exe
+You could add your own built-in functions to change this interpreter to a useful tool in your own projects(such as a script in your own game).
 
-# Parser
+## How to Compile
+
+Better choose the latest update of the interpreter.
+
+MUST USE -O2/-O3 if want to optimize the interpreter!
+
+Also remember to use g++ or clang++.
+
+> [cpp compiler] -std=c++11 -O2 main.cpp -o nasal.exe
+
+Or use this in linux/macOS/Unix
+
+> [cpp compiler] -std=c++11 -O2 main.cpp -o nasal
+
+## How to Use?
+
+Input this command to run scripts directly:
+
+> ./nasal filename
+
+Use these commands to get version of interpreter:
+
+> ./nasal -v | --version
+
+Use these commands to get help(see more debug commands in help):
+
+> ./nasal -h | --help
+
+If your system is Windows and you want to output unicode,please use this command before running nasal interpreter:
+
+> chcp 65001
+
+The interpreter's interactive mode will do this automatically,so you don't need to run this command if you use the interactive interpreter.
+
+## Parser
 
 LL(k) parser.
 
 ```javascript
-
-(var a,b,c)=[{b:nil},[1,2],func{return 0;}];
-
+(var a,b,c)=[{b:nil},[1,2],func return 0;];
 (a.b,b[0],c)=(1,2,3);
-
 ```
 
-have the same first set,so LL(1) is useless for this language.
+These two expressions have the same first set,so LL(1) is useless for this language.
 
 Maybe in the future i can refactor it to LL(1) with special checks.
 
-# Abstract Syntax Tree
+Problems mentioned above have been solved for a long time, but recently i found a new problem here:
 
-## Version 1.2
+```javascript
+var f=func(x,y,z){return x+y+z}
+(a,b,c)=(0,1,2);
+```
+
+This will be recognized as this:
+
+```javascript
+var f=func(x,y,z){return x+y+z}(a,b,c)
+=(0,1,2);
+```
+
+and causes fatal syntax error.
+And i tried this program in flightgear nasal console.
+It also found this is a syntax error.
+I think this is a serious design fault.
+To avoid this syntax error, change program like this, just add a semicolon:
+
+```javascript
+var f=func(x,y,z){return x+y+z};
+                               ^ here
+(a,b,c)=(0,1,2);
+```
+
+### version 1.0(last update 2019/10/14)
+
+First fully functional version of nasal_parser.
+
+Before version 1.0,i tried many times to create a correct parser.
+
+Finally i learned LL(1) and LL(k) and wrote a parser for math formulas in version 0.16(last update 2019/9/14).
+
+In version 0.17(2019/9/15) 0.18(2019/9/18) 0.19(2019/10/1)i was playing the parser happily and after that i wrote version 1.0.
+
+This project began at 2019/8/31.
+
+## Abstract Syntax Tree
+
+### Version 1.2(last update 2019/10/31)
 
 The ast has been completed in this version.
 
-## Version 2.0
+### Version 2.0(last update 2020/8/31)
 
 A completed ast-interpreter with unfinished lib functions.
 
-## Version 3.0
+### Version 3.0(last update 2020/10/23)
 
 The ast is refactored and is now easier to read and maintain.
 
@@ -58,15 +133,15 @@ Now you can add your own functions as builtin-functions in this interpreter!
 
 I decide to save the ast interpreter after releasing v4.0. Because it took me a long time to think and write...
 
-## Version 5.0
+### Version 5.0(last update 2021/3/7)
 
 I change my mind.AST interpreter leaves me too much things to do.
 
 If i continue saving this interpreter,it will be harder for me to make the bytecode vm become more efficient.
 
-# Byte Code Interpreter
+## Byte Code Interpreter
 
-## Version 4.0
+### Version 4.0 (last update 2020/12/17)
 
 I have just finished the first version of byte-code-interpreter.
 
@@ -86,20 +161,20 @@ for(var i=0;i<4000000;i+=1);
 .number 1
 .symbol i
 0x00000000: pzero  0x00000000
-0x00000001: load   0x00000000 (i)
-0x00000002: call   0x00000000 (i)
+0x00000001: loadg  0x00000000 (i)
+0x00000002: callg  0x00000000 (i)
 0x00000003: pnum   0x00000001 (4e+006)
 0x00000004: less   0x00000000
 0x00000005: jf     0x0000000b
 0x00000006: pone   0x00000000
-0x00000007: mcall  0x00000000 (i)
+0x00000007: mcallg 0x00000000 (i)
 0x00000008: addeq  0x00000000
 0x00000009: pop    0x00000000
 0x0000000a: jmp    0x00000002
 0x0000000b: nop    0x00000000
 ```
 
-## Version 5.0
+### Version 5.0 (last update 2021/3/7)
 
 I decide to optimize bytecode vm in this version.
 
@@ -107,21 +182,314 @@ Because it takes more than 1.5s to count i from 0 to 4000000-1.This is not effic
 
 2021/1/23 update: Now it can count from 0 to 4000000-1 in 1.5s.
 
-# How to Use Nasal to Program
+### Version 6.0 (last update 2021/6/1)
 
-## basic value type
+Use loadg loadl callg calll mcallg mcalll to avoid branches.
 
-nasal has 6 value types.Number,string,vector,hash,function,nil.
+Delete type vm_scop.
 
-Number has 3 formats.Dec,hex and oct;
+Use const vm_num to avoid frequently new & delete.
 
-String has 3 formats.But the third one is often used to declare a character.
+Change garbage collector from reference-counting to mark-sweep.
 
-Vector has unlimited length and can store all types of values.
+Vapp and newf operand use .num to reduce the size of exec_code.
 
-Hash is a hashmap that stores values with strings/identifiers as the key.
+2021/4/3 update: Now it can count from 0 to 4000000-1 in 0.8s.
 
-Function is also a value type in nasal.
+2021/4/19 update: Now it can count from 0 to 4e6-1 in 0.4s.
+
+In this update i changed global and local scope from unordered_map to vector.
+
+So the bytecode generator changed a lot.
+
+```javascript
+for(var i=0;i<4000000;i+=1);
+```
+
+```asm
+.number 4e+006
+0x00000000: intg   0x00000001
+0x00000001: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000002: loadg  0x00000000
+0x00000003: callg  0x00000000
+0x00000004: pnum   0x00000000 (4e+006)
+0x00000005: less   0x00000000
+0x00000006: jf     0x0000000c
+0x00000007: pone   0x00000000
+0x00000008: mcallg 0x00000000
+0x00000009: addeq  0x00000000
+0x0000000a: pop    0x00000000
+0x0000000b: jmp    0x00000003
+0x0000000c: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+### Version 6.5 (last update 2021/6/24)
+
+2021/5/31 update: Now gc can collect garbage correctly without re-collecting,which will cause fatal error.
+
+Add builtin_alloc to avoid mark-sweep when running a built-in function,which will mark useful items as useless garbage to collect.
+
+Better use setsize and assignment to get a big array,append is very slow in this situation.
+
+2021/6/3 update: Fixed a bug that gc still re-collects garbage,this time i use three mark states to make sure garbage is ready to be collected.
+
+Change callf to callfv and callfh.And callfv fetches arguments from val_stack directly instead of using vm_vec,a not very efficient way.
+
+Better use callfv instead of callfh,callfh will fetch a vm_hash from stack and parse it,making this process slow.
+
+```javascript
+var f=func(x,y){return x+y;}
+f(1024,2048);
+```
+
+```asm
+.number 1024
+.number 2048
+.symbol x   
+.symbol y
+0x00000000: intg   0x00000001
+0x00000001: newf   0x00000007
+0x00000002: intl   0x00000003
+0x00000003: offset 0x00000001
+0x00000004: para   0x00000000 (x)
+0x00000005: para   0x00000001 (y)
+0x00000006: jmp    0x0000000b
+0x00000007: calll  0x00000001
+0x00000008: calll  0x00000002
+0x00000009: add    0x00000000
+0x0000000a: ret    0x00000000
+0x0000000b: loadg  0x00000000
+0x0000000c: callg  0x00000000
+0x0000000d: pnum   0x00000000 (1024)
+0x0000000e: pnum   0x00000001 (2048)
+0x0000000f: callfv 0x00000002
+0x00000010: pop    0x00000000
+0x00000011: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+2021/6/21 update: Now gc will not collect nullptr.And the function of assignment is complete,now these kinds of assignment is allowed:
+
+```javascript
+var f=func()
+{
+    var _=[{_:0},{_:1}];
+    return func(x)
+    {
+        return _[x];
+    }
+}
+var m=f();
+m(0)._=m(1)._=10;
+
+[0,1,2][1:2][0]=0;
+```
+
+In the old version,parser will check this left-value and tells that these kinds of left-value are not allowed(bad lvalue).
+
+But now it can work.And you could see its use by reading the code above.To make sure this assignment works correctly,codegen will generate byte code by nasal_codegen::call_gen() instead of nasal_codegen::mcall_gen(),and the last child of the ast will be generated by nasal_codegen::mcall_gen().So the bytecode is totally different now:
+
+```asm
+.number 10
+.number 2
+.symbol _
+.symbol x
+0x00000000: intg   0x00000002
+0x00000001: newf   0x00000005
+0x00000002: intl   0x00000002
+0x00000003: offset 0x00000001
+0x00000004: jmp    0x00000017
+0x00000005: newh   0x00000000
+0x00000006: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000007: happ   0x00000000 (_)
+0x00000008: newh   0x00000000
+0x00000009: pone   0x00000000
+0x0000000a: happ   0x00000000 (_)
+0x0000000b: newv   0x00000002
+0x0000000c: loadl  0x00000001
+0x0000000d: newf   0x00000012
+0x0000000e: intl   0x00000003
+0x0000000f: offset 0x00000002
+0x00000010: para   0x00000001 (x)
+0x00000011: jmp    0x00000016
+0x00000012: calll  0x00000001
+0x00000013: calll  0x00000002
+0x00000014: callv  0x00000000
+0x00000015: ret    0x00000000
+0x00000016: ret    0x00000000
+0x00000017: loadg  0x00000000
+0x00000018: callg  0x00000000
+0x00000019: callfv 0x00000000
+0x0000001a: loadg  0x00000001
+0x0000001b: pnum   0x00000000 (10.000000)
+0x0000001c: callg  0x00000001
+0x0000001d: pone   0x00000000
+0x0000001e: callfv 0x00000001
+0x0000001f: mcallh 0x00000000 (_)
+0x00000020: meq    0x00000000
+0x00000021: callg  0x00000001
+0x00000022: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000023: callfv 0x00000001
+0x00000024: mcallh 0x00000000 (_)
+0x00000025: meq    0x00000000
+0x00000026: pop    0x00000000
+0x00000027: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000028: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000029: pone   0x00000000
+0x0000002a: pnum   0x00000001 (2.000000)
+0x0000002b: newv   0x00000003
+0x0000002c: slcbeg 0x00000000
+0x0000002d: pone   0x00000000
+0x0000002e: pnum   0x00000001 (2.000000)
+0x0000002f: slc2   0x00000000
+0x00000030: slcend 0x00000000
+0x00000031: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000032: mcallv 0x00000000
+0x00000033: meq    0x00000000
+0x00000034: pop    0x00000000
+0x00000035: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+As you could see from the bytecode above,mcall/mcallv/mcallh operands' using frequency will reduce,call/callv/callh/callfv/callfh at the opposite.
+
+And because of the new structure of mcall, addr_stack, a stack used to store the memory address, is deleted from nasal_vm, and now nasal_vm use nasal_val** mem_addr to store the memory address. This will not cause fatal errors because the memory address is used __immediately__ after getting it.
+
+### version 7.0 (latest)
+
+2021/6/26 update:
+
+Instruction dispatch is changed from call-threading to computed-goto(with inline function).After changing the way of instruction dispatch,there is a great improvement in nasal_vm.Now vm can run test/bigloop and test/pi in 0.2s!And vm runs test/fib in 0.8s on linux.You could see the time use data below,in Test data section.
+
+This version uses g++ extension "labels as values", which is also supported by clang++.(But i don't know if MSVC supports this)
+
+There is also a change in nasal_gc: std::vector global is deleted,now the global values are all stored on stack(from val_stack+0 to val_stack+intg-1).
+
+2021/6/29 update:
+
+Add some instructions that execute const values:op_addc,op_subc,op_mulc,op_divc,op_lnkc,op_addeqc,op_subeqc,op_muleqc,op_diveqc,op_lnkeqc.
+
+Now the bytecode of test/bigloop.nas seems like this:
+
+```asm
+.number 4e+006
+.number 1
+0x00000000: intg   0x00000001
+0x00000001: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000002: loadg  0x00000000
+0x00000003: callg  0x00000000
+0x00000004: pnum   0x00000000 (4000000)
+0x00000005: less   0x00000000
+0x00000006: jf     0x0000000b
+0x00000007: mcallg 0x00000000
+0x00000008: addeqc 0x00000001 (1)
+0x00000009: pop    0x00000000
+0x0000000a: jmp    0x00000003
+0x0000000b: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+And this test file runs in 0.1s after this update.Most of the calculations are accelerated.
+
+Also, assignment bytecode has changed a lot. Now the first identifier that called in assignment will use op_load to assign, instead of op_meq,op_pop.
+
+```javascript
+var (a,b)=(1,2);
+a=b=0;
+```
+
+```asm
+.number 2
+0x00000000: intg   0x00000002
+0x00000001: pone   0x00000000
+0x00000002: loadg  0x00000000
+0x00000003: pnum   0x00000000 (2)
+0x00000004: loadg  0x00000001
+0x00000005: pzero  0x00000000
+0x00000006: mcallg 0x00000001
+0x00000007: meq    0x00000000 (b=2 use meq,pop->a)
+0x00000008: loadg  0x00000000 (a=b use loadg)
+0x00000009: nop    0x00000000
+```
+
+## Test data
+
+### version 6.5(i5-8250U windows10 2021/6/19)
+
+running time and gc time:
+
+|file|call gc|total time|gc time|
+|:----|:----|:----|:----|
+|pi.nas|12000049|0.593s|0.222s|
+|fib.nas|10573747|2.838s|0.187s|
+|bp.nas|4419829|1.99s|0.18s|
+|bigloop.nas|4000000|0.419s|0.039s|
+|mandelbrot.nas|1044630|0.433s|0.041s|
+|life.nas|817112|8.557s|0.199s|
+|ascii-art.nas|45612|0.48s|0.027s|
+|calc.nas|8089|0.068s|0.006s|
+|quick_sort.nas|2768|0.107s|0s|
+|bfs.nas|2471|1.763s|0.003s|
+
+operands calling frequency:
+
+|file|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
+|:----|:----|:----|:----|:----|:----|
+|pi.nas|callg|pop|mcallg|pnum|pone|
+|fib.nas|calll|pnum|callg|less|jf|
+|bp.nas|calll|callg|pop|callv|addeq|
+|bigloop.nas|pnum|less|jf|callg|pone|
+|mandelbrot.nas|callg|mult|loadg|pnum|pop|
+|life.nas|calll|callv|pnum|jf|callg|
+|ascii-art.nas|calll|pop|mcalll|callg|callb|
+|calc.nas|calll|pop|pstr|mcalll|jmp|
+|quick_sort.nas|calll|pop|jt|jf|less|
+|bfs.nas|calll|pop|callv|mcalll|jf|
+
+operands calling total times:
+
+|file|1st|2nd|3rd|4th|5th|
+|:----|:----|:----|:----|:----|:----|
+|pi.nas|6000004|6000003|6000000|4000005|4000002|
+|fib.nas|17622792|10573704|7049218|7049155|7049155|
+|bp.nas|7081480|4227268|2764676|2617112|2065441|
+|bigloop.nas|4000001|4000001|4000001|4000001|4000000|
+|mandelbrot.nas|1519632|563856|290641|286795|284844|
+|life.nas|2114371|974244|536413|534794|489743|
+|ascii-art.nas|37906|22736|22402|18315|18292|
+|calc.nas|191|124|109|99|87|
+|quick_sort.nas|16226|5561|4144|3524|2833|
+|bfs.nas|24707|16297|14606|14269|8672|
+
+### version 7.0(i5-8250U ubuntu-WSL on windows10 2021/6/29)
+
+running time:
+
+|file|total time|info|
+|:----|:----|:----|
+|pi.nas|0.15625s|great improvement|
+|fib.nas|0.75s|great improvement|
+|bp.nas|0.4218s(7162 epoch)|good improvement|
+|bigloop.nas|0.09375s|great improvement|
+|mandelbrot.nas|0.0312s|great improvement|
+|life.nas|8.80s(windows) 1.25(ubuntu WSL)|little improvement|
+|ascii-art.nas|0.015s|little improvement|
+|calc.nas|0.0468s|little improvement|
+|quick_sort.nas|0s|great improvement|
+|bfs.nas|0.0156s|great improvement|
+
+## How to Use Nasal to Program
+
+### basic value type
+
+Nasal has 6 value types.Number,string,vector,hash,function,nil.
+
+__Number__ has 3 formats.Dec,hex and oct;
+
+__String__ has 3 formats.But the third one is often used to declare a character.
+
+__Vector__ has unlimited length and can store all types of values.
+
+__Hash__ is a hashmap that stores values with strings/identifiers as the key.
+
+__Function__ is also a value type in nasal.
 
 ```javascript
 var spc=nil;
@@ -139,7 +507,13 @@ var b="another string";
 var b=`c`;
 
 var c=[];
-var c=[0,nil,{},[],func(){return 0;}];
+var c=[
+    0,
+    nil,
+    {},
+    [],
+    func(){return 0;}
+];
 append(c,0,1,2);
 
 var d={
@@ -162,37 +536,30 @@ var f=func
 {
     return 1024;
 }
-var f=func(x,y,z,default_parameter1=1,default_parameter2=2)
+var f=func(x,y,z,default_para1=1,default_para2=2)
 {
-    return x+y+z+default_parameter1+default_parameter2;
+    return x+y+z+default_para1+default_para2;
 }
-var f=func(x,y,z,dynamic_parameter...)
+var f=func(x,y,z,dynamic_para...)
 {
     var sum=0;
-    foreach(var i;dynamic_parameter)
+    foreach(var i;dynamic_para)
         sum+=i;
     return sum+x+y+z;
 }
 ```
 
-## operators
+### operators
 
 ```javascript
-1+2;
-1-2;
-1*2;
-1/2;
+1+2-1*2/1;
 'str1'~'str2';
 (1+2)*(3+4)
 
 1+1 and 0;
-1+2*3 or 0;
-1<0;
-1>0;
-1<=0;
-1>=0;
-1==0;
-1!=0;
+1<0 or 1>0;
+1<=0 and 1>=0;
+1==0 or 1!=0;
 
 -1;
 !0;
@@ -205,7 +572,7 @@ a/=1;
 a~='string';
 ```
 
-## definition
+### definition
 
 ```javascript
 var a=1;
@@ -215,35 +582,29 @@ var (a,b,c)=(0,1,2);
 (var a,b,c)=(0,1,2);
 ```
 
-## multi-assignment
+### multi-assignment
 
 ```javascript
 (a,b[0],c.d)=[0,1,2];
 (a,b[1],c.e)=(0,1,2);
+(a,b)=(b,a);
 ```
 
-## conditional expression
+### conditional expression
 
 ```javascript
-if(1)
-{
+if(1){
     ;
-}
-elsif(2)
-{
+}elsif(2){
     ;
-}
-else if(3)
-{
+}else if(3){
     ;
-}
-else
-{
+}else{
     ;
 }
 ```
 
-## loop
+### loop
 
 ```javascript
 while(condition)
@@ -259,7 +620,7 @@ foreach(var i;elem)
     print(i);
 ```
 
-## subvec
+### subvec
 
 Use index to search one element in the string will get the ascii number of this character.If you want to get the character,use built-in function chr().
 
@@ -268,15 +629,27 @@ a[-1,1,0:2,0:,:3,:,nil:8,3:nil,nil:nil];
 "hello world"[0];
 ```
 
-## special function call
+### special function call
 
-This is of great use but is not very efficient.
+This is of great use but is not very efficient(because hashmap use string as the key to compare).
 
 ```javascript
 a(x:0,y:1,z:2);
 ```
 
-## closure
+### lambda
+
+Also functions have this kind of use:
+
+```javascript
+func(x,y){return x+y}(0,1);
+func(x){return 1/(1+math.exp(-x));}(0.5);
+```
+
+### closure
+
+Use closure to OOP.
+
 ```javascript
 var f=func()
 {
@@ -284,9 +657,24 @@ var f=func()
     return func(){return a;};
 }
 print(f()());
+
+var student=func(name,age)
+{
+    var val={
+        name:name,
+        age:age
+    };
+    return {
+        print_info:func(){println(val.name,' ',val.age);},
+        set_age:   func(age){val.age=age;},
+        get_age:   func(){return val.age;},
+        set_name:  func(name){val.name=name;},
+        get_name:  func(){return val.name;}
+    };
+}
 ```
 
-## built-in functions
+### built-in functions
 
 Must import lib.nas or has these functions' definitions inside your code.
 
@@ -299,37 +687,36 @@ If you want to add your own built-in functions,define the function in nasal_buil
 Definition:
 
 ```C++
-nasal_val* builtin_chr(nasal_val*,nasal_gc&);
+nasal_val* builtin_chr(std::vector<nasal_val*>&,nasal_gc&);
 ```
 
 Then complete this function using C++:
 
 ```C++
-nasal_val* builtin_print(nasal_val* local_scope_addr,nasal_gc& gc)
+nasal_val* builtin_print(std::vector<nasal_val*>& local_scope,nasal_gc& gc)
 {
-    // get arguments by using in_builtin_find
-    nasal_val* vector_value_addr=in_builtin_find("elements");
+    // get arguments by using builtin_find
+    // find value with index begin from 1
+    // because local_scope[0] is reserved for value 'me'
+    nasal_val* vector_value=local_scope[1];
     // main process
-    // also check type here,if get a type error,use builtin_error_occurred and return nullptr
-    nasal_vec& ref_vec=vector_value_addr->get_vector();
-    int size=ref_vec.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-    {
-        nasal_val* tmp=ref_vec[i];
-        switch(tmp->get_type())
+    // also check number of arguments and type here
+    // if get a type error,use builtin_err and return nullptr
+    for(auto i:vec_addr->ptr.vec->elems)
+        switch(i->type)
         {
-            case vm_nil:  std::cout<<"nil";             break;
-            case vm_num:  std::cout<<tmp->get_number(); break;
-            case vm_str:  std::cout<<tmp->get_string(); break;
-            case vm_vec:  tmp->get_vector().print();    break;
-            case vm_hash: tmp->get_hash().print();      break;
-            case vm_func: std::cout<<"func(...){...}";  break;
+            case vm_nil:  std::cout<<"nil";            break;
+            case vm_num:  std::cout<<i->ptr.num;       break;
+            case vm_str:  std::cout<<*i->ptr.str;      break;
+            case vm_vec:  i->ptr.vec->print();         break;
+            case vm_hash: i->ptr.hash->print();        break;
+            case vm_func: std::cout<<"func(...){...}"; break;
         }
-    }
+    std::cout<<std::flush;
     // if a nasal value is not in use,use gc::del_reference to delete it
-    // if get a new reference of a nasal value,use gc::add_reference
     // generate return value,use gc::gc_alloc(type) to make a new value
-    return gc.gc_alloc(vm_nil);
+    // or use reserved reference gc.nil_addr/gc.one_addr/gc.zero_addr
+    return gc.nil_addr;
 }
 ```
 
@@ -338,25 +725,186 @@ After that, write the built-in function's name(in nasal) and the function's poin
 ```C++
 struct FUNC_TABLE
 {
-    std::string func_name;
-    nasal_val* (*func_pointer)(nasal_val* x,nasal_gc& gc);
-} builtin_func_table[]=
+    const char* name;
+    nasal_val* (*func)(std::vector<nasal_val*>&,nasal_gc&);
+} builtin_func[]=
 {
-    {"nasal_call_builtin_std_cout",builtin_print},
-    {"",NULL}
+    {"__builtin_print",builtin_print},
+    {nullptr,          nullptr      }
 };
 ```
 
-At last,warp the 'nasal_call_builtin_std_cout' in a nasal file:
+At last,warp the '__builtin_print' in a nasal file:
 
 ```javascript
-var print=func(elements...)
+var print=func(elems...)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
+};
+```
+
+In fact the arguments that '__builtin_print' uses is not necessary,So writting it like this is also right:
+
+```javascript
+var print=func(elems...)
+{
+    return __builtin_print;
 };
 ```
 
 In version 5.0,if you don't warp built-in function in a normal nasal function,this built-in function may cause a fault when searching arguments,which will cause SIGSEGV segmentation error(maybe).
 
-Use import("") to get the nasal file including your biult-in functions,then you could use it.
+Use import("") to get the nasal file including your built-in functions,then you could use it.
+
+version 6.5 update:
+
+Use nasal_gc::builtin_alloc in builtin function if this function uses alloc more than one time.
+
+When running a builtin function,alloc will run more than one time,this may cause mark-sweep in gc_alloc.
+
+The value got before will be collected,but stil in use in this builtin function,this is a fatal error.
+
+So use builtin_alloc in builtin functions like this:
+
+```C++
+nasal_val* builtin_keys(std::vector<nasal_val*>& local_scope,nasal_gc& gc)
+{
+    nasal_val* hash_addr=local_scope[1];
+    if(hash_addr->type!=vm_hash)
+    {
+        builtin_err("keys","\"hash\" must be hash");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    nasal_val* ret_addr=gc.builtin_alloc(vm_vec);
+    std::vector<nasal_val*>& ref_vec=ret_addr->ptr.vec->elems;
+    for(auto iter:hash_addr->ptr.hash->elems)
+    {
+        nasal_val* str_addr=gc.builtin_alloc(vm_str);
+        *str_addr->ptr.str=iter.first;
+        ref_vec.push_back(str_addr);
+    }
+    return ret_addr;
+}
+```
+
+## Difference Between Andy's Nasal Interpreter and This Interpreter
+
+This interpreter uses more strict syntax to make sure it is easier for you to program and debug.
+
+In Andy's interpreter:
+
+```javascript
+foreach(i;[0,1,2,3])
+    print(i)
+```
+
+This program can run normally with output 0 1 2 3.
+But take a look at the iterator 'i',this symbol is defined in foreach without using keyword 'var'.
+I think this design will make programmers filling confused.
+This is ambiguous that programmers maybe difficult to find the 'i' is defined here.
+Without 'var',programmers may think this 'i' is defined anywhere else.
+
+So in this new interpreter i use a more strict syntax to force users to use 'var' to define iterator of forindex and foreach.
+If you forget to add the keyword 'var', and you haven't defined this symbol before, you will get this:
+
+```javascript
+[code] <test.nas> line 1: undefined symbol "i".
+[codegen] in <test.nas>: error(s) occurred,stop.
+```
+
+Also there's another difference.
+In Andy's interpreter:
+
+```javascript
+var a=func {print(b);}
+var b=1;
+a();
+```
+
+This program runs normally with output 1.
+But in this new interpreter, it will get:
+
+```javascript
+[code] <test.nas> line 1: undefined symbol "b".
+[codegen] in <test.nas>: error(s) occurred,stop.
+```
+
+(outdated)This difference is caused by different kinds of ways of lexical analysis.
+In most script language interpreters, they use dynamic analysis to check if this symbol is defined yet.
+However, this kind of analysis is at the cost of lower efficiency.
+To make sure the interpreter runs at higher efficiency, i choose static analysis to manage the memory space of each symbol.
+By this way, runtime will never need to check if a symbol exists or not.
+But this causes a difference.
+You will get an error of 'undefined symbol', instead of nothing happening in most script language interpreters.
+
+This change is __controversial__ among FGPRC's members.
+So maybe in the future i will use dynamic analysis again to cater to the habits of senior programmers.
+
+(2021/8/3 update) __Now i use scanning ast twice to reload symbols.
+So this difference does not exist from this update.__
+But a new difference is that if you call a variable before defining it, you'll get nil instead of 'undefined error'.
+
+In this new interpreter, function doesn't put dynamic arguments into vector 'arg' automatically.
+So if you use 'arg' without definition, you'll get an error of 'undefined symbol'.
+
+## Trace Back Info
+
+Now when the interpreter crashes,it will print trace back information:
+
+```javascript
+func()
+{
+    println("hello");
+    die("error occurred this line");
+    return;
+}();
+```
+
+Function 'die' is used to throw error and crash.
+
+```javascript
+hello
+[vm] error: error occurred this line
+[vm] error at 0x000000b0: native function error.
+trace back:
+        0x000000b0: callb  0x00000021:__builtin_die (lib.nas line 85)
+        0x0000017f: callfv 0x00000001 (a.nas line 19)
+        0x00000183: callfv 0x00000000 (a.nas line 21)
+vm stack(limit 10):
+        0x0 nullptr
+        0x7fa5f8e19c80 func | func(1 para){..}
+        0x7fa5f8e1a780 func | func(0 para){..}
+        0x7fa5f8c0c040 num  | 0.017453
+        0x7fa5f8e33370 hash | {9 member}
+        0x7fa5f8e33330 hash | {5 member}
+        0x7fa5f8e332e0 hash | {2 member}
+        0x7fa5f8e1a000 func | func(1 para){..}
+        0x7fa5f8e19f80 func | func(2 para){..}
+        0x7fa5f8e19f00 func | func(2 para){..}
+```
+
+Here is an example of stack overflow:
+
+```javascript
+func(f){
+    return f(f);
+}(
+    func(f){
+        f(f);
+    }
+)();
+```
+
+And the trace back info:
+
+```javascript
+[vm] stack overflow
+trace back:
+        0x00000011: callfv 0x00000001 (a.nas line 5)
+        0x00000011: 4076 same call(s) ...
+        0x00000008: callfv 0x00000001 (a.nas line 2)
+        0x00000015: callfv 0x00000001 (a.nas line 3)
+vm stack(limit 10):
+        0x7fcc3110ad00 func | func(1 para){..}
+        0x7fcc3110ad00 ...  | 9 same value(s)
+```

lib.nas

@@ -1,157 +1,162 @@
 var import=func(filename)
 {
-    nasal_call_import(filename);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_import(filename);
 }
-var print=func(elements...)
+var print=func(elems...)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
 };
-var println=func(elements...)
+var println=func(elems...)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    print('\n');
-    return nil;
+    __builtin_print(elems);
+    elems=['\n'];
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
 }
-var append=func(vector,elements...)
+var append=func(vec,elems...)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_push_back(vector,elements);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_append(vec,elems);
 }
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
+var setsize=func(vec,size)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_setsize(vec,size);
 }
 var system=func(str)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_system(str);
-    return;
+    return __builtin_system(str);
 }
 var input=func()
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_input();
+    return __builtin_input();
 }
 var sleep=func(duration)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_sleep(duration);
-    return;
+    return __builtin_sleep(duration);
 }
-var split=func(delimeter,string)
+var split=func(deli,str)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_split(delimeter,string);
+    return __builtin_split(deli,str);
 }
 var rand=func(seed=nil)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_rand(seed);
+    return __builtin_rand(seed);
 }
-var id=func(thing)
+var id=func(object)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_id(thing);
+    return __builtin_id(object);
 }
-var int=func(value)
+var int=func(val)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_int(value);
+    return __builtin_int(val);
 }
-var num=func(value)
+var num=func(val)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_num(value);
+    return __builtin_num(val);
 }
-var pop=func(vector)
+var pop=func(vec)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_pop_back(vector);
+    return __builtin_pop(vec);
 }
-var str=func(number)
+var str=func(num)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_str(number);
+    return __builtin_str(num);
 }
 var size=func(object)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_size(object);
+    return __builtin_size(object);
 }
 var contains=func(hash,key)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_contains(hash,key);
+    return __builtin_contains(hash,key);
 }
 var delete=func(hash,key)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_delete(hash,key);
-    return;
+    return __builtin_delete(hash,key);
 }
 var keys=func(hash)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_keys(hash);
+    return __builtin_keys(hash);
 }
 var time=func(begin_time)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_time(begin_time);
+    return __builtin_time(begin_time);
 }
 var die=func(str)
 {
-    nasal_call_builtin_die(str);
-    return nil;
+    return __builtin_die(str);
 }
 var typeof=func(object)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_type(object);
+    return __builtin_type(object);
 }
-var substr=func(str,begin,length)
+var substr=func(str,begin,len)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_substr(str,begin,length);
+    return __builtin_substr(str,begin,len);
 }
 var streq=func(a,b)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_streq(a,b);
+    return __builtin_streq(a,b);
 }
-var left=func(string,length)
+var left=func(str,len)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_left(string,length);
+    return __builtin_left(str,len);
 }
-var right=func(string,length)
+var right=func(str,len)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_right(string,length);
+    return __builtin_right(str,len);
 }
 var cmp=func(a,b)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_cmp(a,b);
+    return __builtin_cmp(a,b);
 }
-var chr=func(code) #//Unlike in FG, this chr does not support Extended ASCII
+var chr=func(code)
 {
-    return nasal_call_builtin_chr(code);
+    return __builtin_chr(code);
 }
 
 var io=
 {
-    fin:func(filename)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_finput(filename);
-    },
-    fout:func(filename,str)
-    {
-        nasal_call_builtin_foutput(filename,str);
-        return;
-    }
+    fin: func(filename){return __builtin_fin(filename);},
+    fout:func(filename,str){return __builtin_fout(filename,str);}
 };
 
 var bits=
 {
-    bitxor:  func(a,b){return nasal_call_builtin_xor(a,b); },
-    bitand:  func(a,b){return nasal_call_builtin_and(a,b); },
-    bitor:   func(a,b){return nasal_call_builtin_or(a,b);  },
-    bitnand: func(a,b){return nasal_call_builtin_nand(a,b);},
-    bitnot:  func(a)  {return nasal_call_builtin_not(a);   }
+    bitxor:  func(a,b){return __builtin_xor(a,b); },
+    bitand:  func(a,b){return __builtin_and(a,b); },
+    bitor:   func(a,b){return __builtin_or(a,b);  },
+    bitnand: func(a,b){return __builtin_nand(a,b);},
+    bitnot:  func(a)  {return __builtin_not(a);   }
 };
 
 var math=
 {
     e:     2.7182818284590452354,
     pi:    3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
-    sin:   func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_sin(x);          },
-    cos:   func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_cos(x);          },
-    tan:   func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_tan(x);          },
-    exp:   func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_exp(x);          }, 
-    ln:    func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_ln(x);  },
-    sqrt:  func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_sqrt(x);},
-    atan2: func(x,y){return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_atan2(x,y);  }
+    sin:   func(x)  {return __builtin_sin(x);    },
+    cos:   func(x)  {return __builtin_cos(x);    },
+    tan:   func(x)  {return __builtin_tan(x);    },
+    exp:   func(x)  {return __builtin_exp(x);    }, 
+    ln:    func(x)  {return __builtin_ln(x);     },
+    sqrt:  func(x)  {return __builtin_sqrt(x);   },
+    atan2: func(x,y){return __builtin_atan2(x,y);},
+    inf:   1/0,
+    nan:   0/0,
+    isnan: func(x)  {return __builtin_isnan(x);  }
 };
+
+var D2R=math.pi/180;
+var FPS2KT=0.5925;
+var FT2M=0.3048;
+var GAL2L=3.7854;
+var IN2M=0.0254;
+var KG2LB=2.2046;
+var KT2FPS=1.6878;
+var KT2MPS=0.5144;
+var L2GAL=0.2642;
+var LB2KG=0.4536;
+var M2FT=3.2808;
+var M2IN=39.3701;
+var M2NM=0.00054;
+var MPS2KT=1.9438;
+var NM2M=1852;
+var R2D=180/math.pi;

main.cpp

@@ -1,194 +1,144 @@
 #include "nasal.h"
 
-nasal_lexer    lexer;
-nasal_parse    parse;
-nasal_import   import;
-std::string    inputfile="null";
-nasal_codegen  code_generator;
-nasal_vm       vm;
-
-void help()
+void help_cmd()
 {
-	std::cout
-	<<">> [\"file\"] input a file name.\n"
-	<<">> [help  ] show help.\n"
-	<<">> [clear ] clear the screen.\n"
-	<<">> [lex   ] use lexer to turn code into tokens.\n"
-	<<">> [ast   ] do parsing and check the abstract syntax tree.\n"
-	<<">> [code  ] show byte code.\n"
-	<<">> [exec  ] execute program on bytecode vm.\n"
-	<<">> [logo  ] print logo of nasal .\n"
-	<<">> [exit  ] quit nasal interpreter.\n";
-	return;
+    std::cout
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    <<"use command \'chcp 65001\' if want to use unicode.\n"
+#endif
+    <<"nasal [option]\n"
+    <<"option:\n"
+    <<"    -h, --help    | get help.\n"
+    <<"    -v, --version | get version of nasal interpreter.\n\n"
+    <<"nasal [file]\n"
+    <<"file:\n"
+    <<"    input file name to execute script file.\n\n"
+    <<"nasal [option] [file]\n"
+    <<"option:\n"
+    <<"    -l, --lex     | view token info.\n"
+    <<"    -a, --ast     | view abstract syntax tree.\n"
+    <<"    -c, --code    | view bytecode.\n"
+    <<"    -e, --exec    | execute script file.\n"
+    <<"    -t, --time    | execute and get the running time.\n"
+    <<"    -o, --opcnt   | count operands while running.\n"
+    <<"file:\n"
+    <<"    input file name to execute script file.\n";
+    return;
 }
 
 void logo()
 {
     std::cout
-	<<"       __                _      \n"
-	<<"    /\\ \\ \\__ _ ___  __ _| |  \n"
-	<<"   /  \\/ / _` / __|/ _` | |    \n"
-	<<"  / /\\  / (_| \\__ \\ (_| | |  \n"
-	<<"  \\_\\ \\/ \\__,_|___/\\__,_|_|\n";
+    <<"       __                _      \n"
+    <<"    /\\ \\ \\__ _ ___  __ _| |  \n"
+    <<"   /  \\/ / _` / __|/ _` | |    \n"
+    <<"  / /\\  / (_| \\__ \\ (_| | |  \n"
+    <<"  \\_\\ \\/ \\__,_|___/\\__,_|_|\n"
+    <<"nasal interpreter ver 7.0\n"
+    <<"thanks to : https://github.com/andyross/nasal\n"
+    <<"code repo : https://github.com/ValKmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n"
+    <<"code repo : https://gitee.com/valkmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n"
+    <<"lang info : http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_scripting_language\n"
+    <<"input \"nasal -h\" to get help .\n";
     return;
 }
 
-void die(std::string stage,std::string filename)
+void die(const char* stage,const std::string& filename)
 {
-	std::cout<<">> ["<<stage<<"] in <\""<<filename<<"\">: error(s) occurred,stop.\n";
-	return;
+    std::cout<<"["<<stage<<"] in <"<<filename<<">: error(s) occurred,stop.\n";
+    std::exit(1);
+    return;
 }
 
-void clear()
+void execute(const std::string& file,const std::string& command)
 {
-	// this will clear the data in lexer/parser/import modules
-	// to reduce memory footprint
-	lexer.get_token_list().clear();
-	parse.get_root().clear();
-	import.get_root().clear();
-	return;
+    nasal_lexer   lexer;
+    nasal_parse   parse;
+    nasal_import  import;
+    nasal_codegen codegen;
+    nasal_vm      vm;
+    lexer.openfile(file);
+    lexer.scanner();
+    if(lexer.get_error())
+        die("lexer",file);
+    if(command=="--lex" || command=="-l")
+    {
+        lexer.print_token();
+        return;
+    }
+    parse.main_process(lexer.get_token_list());
+    if(parse.get_error())
+        die("parse",file);
+    if(command=="--ast" || command=="-a")
+    {
+        parse.get_root().print_ast(0);
+        return;
+    }
+    // first used file is itself
+    import.link(parse.get_root(),file);
+    if(import.get_error())
+        die("import",file);
+    codegen.main_progress(import.get_root(),import.get_file());
+    if(codegen.get_error())
+        die("code",file);
+    if(command=="--code" || command=="-c")
+    {
+        codegen.print_byte_code();
+        return;
+    }
+    vm.init(
+        codegen.get_str_table(),
+        codegen.get_num_table(),
+        import.get_file()
+    );
+    if(command=="--exec" || command=="-e" || command=="--opcnt" || command=="-o")
+        vm.run(codegen.get_exec_code(),command=="--opcnt" || command=="-o");
+    else if(command=="--time" || command=="-t")
+    {
+        clock_t begin=clock();
+        vm.run(codegen.get_exec_code(),false);
+        std::cout<<"process exited after "<<((double)(clock()-begin))/CLOCKS_PER_SEC<<"s.\n";
+    }
+    vm.clear();
+    return;
 }
-
-void lex_func()
+int main(int argc,const char* argv[])
 {
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	lexer.print_token();
-	clear();
-	return;
-}
-
-void ast_print()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.get_root().print_ast(0);
-	clear();
-	return;
-}
-
-void show_bytecode()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	import.link(parse.get_root());
-	if(import.get_error())
-	{
-		die("import",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	code_generator.main_progress(import.get_root());
-	clear();
-	code_generator.print_byte_code();
-	return;
-}
-
-void execute()
-{
-	lexer.openfile(inputfile);
-	lexer.scanner();
-	if(lexer.get_error())
-	{
-		die("lexer",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	parse.set_toklist(lexer.get_token_list());
-	parse.main_process();
-	if(parse.get_error())
-	{
-		die("parse",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	import.link(parse.get_root());
-	if(import.get_error())
-	{
-		die("import",inputfile);
-		return;
-	}
-	code_generator.main_progress(import.get_root());
-	clear();
-	vm.run(
-		code_generator.get_string_table(),
-		code_generator.get_number_table(),
-		code_generator.get_exec_code()
-	);
-	return;
-}
-
-int main()
-{
-	std::string command;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-	// use chcp 65001 to use unicode io
-	system("chcp 65001");
-	system("cls");
-#endif
-	logo();
-	std::cout<<">> Nasal interpreter ver 5.0 .\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Code: https://github.com/ValKmjolnir/Nasal-Interpreter\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Info: http://wiki.flightgear.org/Nasal_scripting_language\n";
-	std::cout<<">> Input \"help\" to get help .\n";
-    while(1)
-	{
-		std::cout<<">> ";
-		std::cin>>command;
-		if(command=="help")
-			help();
-		else if(command=="clear")
-		{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-			system("cls");
-#endif
-#ifdef _linux_
-			system("clear");
-#endif
-#ifdef TARGET_OS_MAC
-			system("clear");
-#endif
-		}
-		else if(command=="lex")
-			lex_func();
-		else if(command=="ast")
-			ast_print();
-		else if(command=="code")
-			show_bytecode();
-		else if(command=="exec")
-			execute();
-		else if(command=="logo")
-			logo();
-		else if(command=="exit")
-			break;
-		else
-			inputfile=command;
-	}
+    std::string command,file;
+    if(argc==2 && (!strcmp(argv[1],"-v") || !strcmp(argv[1],"--version")))
+        logo();
+    else if(argc==2 && (!strcmp(argv[1],"-h") || !strcmp(argv[1],"--help")))
+        help_cmd();
+    else if(argc==2 && argv[1][0]!='-')
+    {
+        file=argv[1];
+        command="-e";
+        execute(file,command);
+    }
+    else if(argc==3 &&
+        (!strcmp(argv[1],"--lex") ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"-l")     ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"--ast")  ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"-a")     ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"--code") ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"-c")     ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"--exec") ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"-e")     ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"--opcnt")||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"-o")     ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"--time") ||
+        !strcmp(argv[1],"-t")))
+    {
+        file=argv[2];
+        command=argv[1];
+        execute(file,command);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        std::cout
+        <<"invalid argument(s).\n"
+        <<"use nasal -h to get help.\n";
+        exit(1);
+    }
     return 0;
 }

nasal.ebnf

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ hashmember::=
     id|string ':' calculation
 ;
 function::= 
-    func argument_list expressions
+    func {argument_list} exprs|expr
 ;
 argument_list::=
     '(' [{id ','} ([id '...']|{id '=' scalar ','})] ')'
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ expr::=
     |continue_expr
     |break_expr
 ;
-expressions::=
+exprs::=
     '{' {expr} '}'
 ;
 calculation::=
@@ -63,11 +63,11 @@ unary::=
 ;
 scalar::=
     function {call_scalar}
-    |[func] identifier {call_scalar}
     |vector {call_scalar}
     |hash {call_scalar}
     |number
     |string
+    |nil
     |'(' calculation ')' {call_scalar}
 ;
 call_scalar::=
@@ -108,18 +108,18 @@ loop::=
     |forei_loop
 ;
 while_loop::=
-    while '(' calculation ')' expressions
+    while '(' calculation ')' exprs
 ;
 for_loop::=
-    for '(' [definition|calculation] ';' [calculation] ';' [calculation] ')' expressions
+    for '(' [definition|calculation] ';' [calculation] ';' [calculation] ')' exprs
 ;
 forei_loop::=
-    (forindex | foreach) '(' (definition | calculation) ';' calculation ')' expressions
+    (forindex | foreach) '(' (definition | calculation) ';' calculation ')' exprs
 ;
 conditional::=
-    if '(' calculation ')' expressions
-    {elsif '(' calculation ')' expressions}
-    [else expressions]
+    if '(' calculation ')' exprs
+    {elsif '(' calculation ')' exprs}
+    [else exprs]
 ;
 continue_expr::=
     continue

nasal.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #pragma GCC optimize(2)
 
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -14,7 +15,6 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <ctime>
 #include <cmath>
-#include <thread>
 #include <list>
 #include <stack>
 #include <queue>
@@ -22,110 +22,108 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 /*
-	check if a string can be converted to a number
-	if this string cannot be converted to a number,it will return nan
+    check if a string can be converted to a number
+    if this string cannot be converted to a number,it will return nan
 */
-inline double hex_to_double(std::string str)
+inline double hex_to_double(const char* str)
 {
-	double ret=0;
-	for(int i=2;str[i];++i)
-	{
-		ret*=16;
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'0');
-		else if('a'<=str[i] && str[i]<='f')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'a'+10);
-		else if('A'<=str[i] && str[i]<='F')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'A'+10);
-		else
-			return std::nan("");
-	}
-	return ret;
+    double ret=0;
+    for(;*str;++str)
+    {
+        ret*=16;
+        if('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+            ret+=(*str-'0');
+        else if('a'<=*str && *str<='f')
+            ret+=(*str-'a'+10);
+        else if('A'<=*str && *str<='F')
+            ret+=(*str-'A'+10);
+        else
+            return nan("");
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
-inline double oct_to_double(std::string str)
+inline double oct_to_double(const char* str)
 {
-	double ret=0;
-	for(int i=2;str[i];++i)
-	{
-		ret*=8;
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='8')
-			ret+=(str[i]-'0');
-		else
-			return std::nan("");
-	}
-	return ret;
+    double ret=0;
+    for(;*str;++str)
+    {
+        ret*=8;
+        if('0'<=*str && *str<'8')
+            ret+=(*str-'0');
+        else
+            return nan("");
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
-inline double dec_to_double(std::string str,int len)
+inline double dec_to_double(const char* str)
 {
-	double ret=0;
-	int i=0;
-	while('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9' && i<len)
-		ret=ret*10+(str[i++]-'0');
-	if(i==len) return ret;
-	if(str[i]!='.' && str[i]!='e' && str[i]!='E')
-		return std::nan("");
-	if(str[i]=='.')
-	{
-		++i;
-		if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-		double num_pow=0.1;
-		while('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9' && i<len)
-		{
-			ret+=num_pow*(str[i++]-'0');
-			num_pow*=0.1;
-		}
-	}
-	if(i==len) return ret;
-	if(str[i]!='e' && str[i]!='E')
-		return std::nan("");
-	++i;
-	if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-	double negative=(str[i]=='-'? -1:1);
-	if(str[i]=='-' || str[i]=='+')
-		++i;
-	if(i==len) return std::nan("");
-	double num_pow=0;
-	for(;i<len;++i)
-	{
-		if('0'<=str[i] && str[i]<='9')
-			num_pow=num_pow*10+(str[i]-'0');
-		else
-			return std::nan("");
-	}
-	return ret*std::pow(10,negative*num_pow);
+    double ret=0,negative=1,num_pow=0;
+    while('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+        ret=ret*10+(*str++-'0');
+    if(!*str) return ret;
+    if(*str=='.')
+    {
+        if(!*++str) return nan("");
+        num_pow=0.1;
+        while('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+        {
+            ret+=num_pow*(*str++-'0');
+            num_pow*=0.1;
+        }
+        if(!*str) return ret;
+    }
+    if(*str!='e' && *str!='E')
+        return nan("");
+    if(!*++str) return nan("");
+    if(*str=='-' || *str=='+')
+        negative=(*str++=='-'? -1:1);
+    if(!*str) return nan("");
+    num_pow=0;
+    for(;*str;++str)
+    {
+        if('0'<=*str && *str<='9')
+            num_pow=num_pow*10+(*str-'0');
+        else
+            return nan("");
+    }
+    return ret*std::pow(10,negative*num_pow);
 }
-double trans_string_to_number(std::string str)
+double str2num(const char* str)
 {
-	double is_negative=1;
-	int len=str.length();
-	double ret_num=0;
-	if(!len) return std::nan("");
-	if(str[0]=='-' || str[0]=='+')
-	{
-		if(len==1) return std::nan("");
-		is_negative=(str[0]=='-'?-1:1);
-		str=str.substr(1,len--);
-	}
-	if(len>1 && str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='x')
-		ret_num=hex_to_double(str);
-	else if(len>1 && str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='o')
-		ret_num=oct_to_double(str);
-	else
-		ret_num=dec_to_double(str,len);
-	return is_negative*ret_num;
+    bool is_negative=false;
+    double ret_num=0;
+    if(*str=='-' || *str=='+')
+        is_negative=(*str++=='-');
+    if(!*str)
+        return nan("");
+    if(str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='x')
+        ret_num=hex_to_double(str+2);
+    else if(str[0]=='0' && str[1]=='o')
+        ret_num=oct_to_double(str+2);
+    else
+        ret_num=dec_to_double(str);
+    return is_negative?-ret_num:ret_num;
 }
 
 /*
-	trans_number_to_string:
-	convert number to string
+    show raw string
 */
-std::string trans_number_to_string(double number)
+void raw_string(const std::string& str)
 {
-	std::string res;
-	std::stringstream ss;
-	ss<<number;
-	ss>>res;
-	return res;
+    for(auto i:str)
+        switch(i)
+        {
+            case '\a': std::cout<<"\\a";break;
+            case '\b': std::cout<<"\\b";break;
+            case '\f': std::cout<<"\\f";break;
+            case '\n': std::cout<<"\\n";break;
+            case '\r': std::cout<<"\\r";break;
+            case '\t': std::cout<<"\\t";break;
+            case '\v': std::cout<<"\\v";break;
+            case '\0': std::cout<<"\\0";break;
+            default:   std::cout<<i;    break;
+        }
+    return;
 }
 #include "nasal_lexer.h"
 #include "nasal_ast.h"

nasal_ast.h

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@
 
 enum ast_node
 {
-    ast_null=0,ast_root,ast_block,
+    ast_null=0,
+    ast_root,ast_block,
+    ast_file, // ast_file is only used to store which file the subtree is on,codegen will generate nothing
     ast_nil,ast_num,ast_str,ast_id,ast_func,ast_hash,ast_vec,
     ast_hashmember,ast_call,ast_callh,ast_callv,ast_callf,ast_subvec,
     ast_args,ast_default_arg,ast_dynamic_id,
@@ -18,214 +20,134 @@ enum ast_node
     ast_for,ast_forindex,ast_foreach,ast_while,ast_new_iter,
     ast_conditional,ast_if,ast_elsif,ast_else,
     ast_multi_id,ast_multi_scalar,
-    ast_definition,ast_multi_assign,
-    ast_continue,ast_break,ast_return
+    ast_def,ast_multi_assign,
+    ast_continue,ast_break,ast_ret
 };
 
-std::string ast_name(int type)
+const char* ast_name[]=
 {
-    switch(type)
-    {
-        case ast_null:         return "null";
-        case ast_root:         return "root";
-        case ast_block:        return "block";
-        case ast_nil:          return "nil";
-        case ast_num:          return "number";
-        case ast_str:          return "string";
-        case ast_id:           return "id";
-        case ast_func:         return "function";
-        case ast_hash:         return "hash";
-        case ast_vec:          return "vector";
-        case ast_hashmember:   return "hashmember";
-        case ast_call:         return "call";
-        case ast_callh:        return "callh";
-        case ast_callv:        return "callv";
-        case ast_callf:        return "callf";
-        case ast_subvec:       return "subvec";
-        case ast_args:         return "args";
-        case ast_default_arg:  return "deflt_arg";
-        case ast_dynamic_id:   return "dyn_id";
-        case ast_and:          return "and";
-        case ast_or:           return "or";
-        case ast_equal:        return "=";
-        case ast_addeq:        return "+=";
-        case ast_subeq:        return "-=";
-        case ast_multeq:       return "*=";
-        case ast_diveq:        return "/=";
-        case ast_lnkeq:        return "~=";
-        case ast_cmpeq:        return "==";
-        case ast_neq:          return "!=";
-        case ast_less:         return "<";
-        case ast_leq:          return "<=";
-        case ast_grt:          return ">";
-        case ast_geq:          return ">=";
-        case ast_add:          return "+";
-        case ast_sub:          return "-";
-        case ast_mult:         return "*";
-        case ast_div:          return "/";
-        case ast_link:         return "~";
-        case ast_neg:          return "unary-";
-        case ast_not:          return "unary!";
-        case ast_trino:        return "trino";
-        case ast_for:          return "for";
-        case ast_forindex:     return "forindex";
-        case ast_foreach:      return "foreach";
-        case ast_while:        return "while";
-        case ast_new_iter:     return "iter";
-        case ast_conditional:  return "conditional";
-        case ast_if:           return "if";
-        case ast_elsif:        return "elsif";
-        case ast_else:         return "else";
-        case ast_multi_id:     return "multi_id";
-        case ast_multi_scalar: return "multi_scalar";
-        case ast_definition:   return "def";
-        case ast_multi_assign: return "multi_assign";
-        case ast_continue:     return "continue";
-        case ast_break:        return "break";
-        case ast_return:       return "return";
-    }
-    return "null";
-}
+    "null",
+    "root","block",
+    "file",
+    "nil","num","str","id","func","hash","vec",
+    "hashmember","call","callh","callv","callf","subvec",
+    "args","deflt_arg","dyn_id",
+    "and","or",
+    "=","+=","-=","*=","/=","~=",
+    "==","!=",
+    "<","<=",
+    ">",">=",
+    "+","-","*","/","~",
+    "unary-","unary!",
+    "trino",
+    "for","forindex","foreach","while","iter",
+    "conditional","if","elsif","else",
+    "multi_id","multi_scalar",
+    "def","multi_assign",
+    "continue","break","return"
+};
 
 class nasal_ast
 {
 private:
-    int line;
-    int type;
+    int         line;
+    int         type;
+    double      num;
     std::string str;
-    double num;
     std::vector<nasal_ast> children;
 public:
-    nasal_ast(int,int);
+    nasal_ast(){line=0;type=ast_null;}
+    nasal_ast(const int l,const int t){line=l;type=t;}
     nasal_ast(const nasal_ast&);
-    ~nasal_ast();
+    nasal_ast(nasal_ast&&);
     nasal_ast& operator=(const nasal_ast&);
-    void clear();
-    void set_line(int);
-    void set_type(int);
-    void set_str(std::string&);
-    void set_num(double);
-    void add_child(nasal_ast);
-    int         get_line();
-    int         get_type();
-    std::string get_str();
-    double      get_num();
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& get_children();
-    void print_ast(int);
-};
+    nasal_ast& operator=(nasal_ast&&);
+    void   print_ast(const int);
+    void   clear();
+    void   add_child(nasal_ast&& ast){children.push_back(std::move(ast));}
+    void   add_child(const nasal_ast& ast){children.push_back(ast);}
+    void   set_line(const int l){line=l;}
+    void   set_type(const int t){type=t;}
+    void   set_str(const std::string& s){str=s;}
+    void   set_num(const double n){num=n;}
+    int    get_line(){return line;}
+    int    get_type(){return type;}
+    double get_num() {return num;}
+    std::string& get_str(){return str;}
+    std::vector<nasal_ast>& get_children(){return children;}
 
-nasal_ast::nasal_ast(int init_line=0,int init_type=ast_null)
-{
-    this->line=init_line;
-    this->type=init_type;
-    return;
-}
+    int    get_line() const {return line;}
+    int    get_type() const {return type;}
+    double get_num()  const {return num;}
+    const std::string& get_str() const {return str;}
+    const std::vector<nasal_ast>& get_children() const {return children;}
+};
 
 nasal_ast::nasal_ast(const nasal_ast& tmp)
 {
-    this->line=tmp.line;
-    this->type=tmp.type;
-    this->str=tmp.str;
-    this->num=tmp.num;
-    this->children=tmp.children;
+    line=tmp.line;
+    type=tmp.type;
+    num =tmp.num;
+    str =tmp.str;
+    children=tmp.children;
     return;
 }
 
-nasal_ast::~nasal_ast()
+nasal_ast::nasal_ast(nasal_ast&& tmp)
 {
-    this->children.clear();
+    line=tmp.line;
+    type=tmp.type;
+    num =tmp.num;
+    str.swap(tmp.str);
+    children.swap(tmp.children);
     return;
 }
 
 nasal_ast& nasal_ast::operator=(const nasal_ast& tmp)
 {
-    this->line=tmp.line;
-    this->type=tmp.type;
-    this->str=tmp.str;
-    this->num=tmp.num;
-    this->children=tmp.children;
+    line=tmp.line;
+    type=tmp.type;
+    num=tmp.num;
+    str=tmp.str;
+    children=tmp.children;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+nasal_ast& nasal_ast::operator=(nasal_ast&& tmp)
+{
+    line=tmp.line;
+    type=tmp.type;
+    num=tmp.num;
+    str.swap(tmp.str);
+    children.swap(tmp.children);
     return *this;
 }
 
 void nasal_ast::clear()
 {
-    this->line=0;
-    this->str="";
-    this->num=0;
-    this->type=ast_null;
-    this->children.clear();
+    line=0;
+    num=0;
+    str="";
+    type=ast_null;
+    children.clear();
     return;
 }
 
-void nasal_ast::set_line(int l)
+void nasal_ast::print_ast(const int depth)
 {
-    this->line=l;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_type(int t)
-{
-    this->type=t;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_str(std::string& s)
-{
-    this->str=s;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::set_num(double n)
-{
-    this->num=n;
-    return;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::add_child(nasal_ast ast)
-{
-    children.push_back(ast);
-    return;
-}
-
-int nasal_ast::get_line()
-{
-    return this->line;
-}
-
-int nasal_ast::get_type()
-{
-    return this->type;
-}
-
-std::string nasal_ast::get_str()
-{
-    return this->str;
-}
-
-double nasal_ast::get_num()
-{
-    return this->num;
-}
-
-std::vector<nasal_ast>& nasal_ast::get_children()
-{
-    return this->children;
-}
-
-void nasal_ast::print_ast(int depth)
-{
-    std::string indentation="";
-    for(int i=0;i<depth;++i) indentation+="|  ";
-    indentation+=ast_name(this->type);
-    std::cout<<indentation;
-    if(this->type==ast_str || this->type==ast_id || this->type==ast_dynamic_id || this->type==ast_callh)
-        std::cout<<":"<<this->str;
-    else if(this->type==ast_num)
-        std::cout<<":"<<this->num;
+    for(int i=0;i<depth;++i)
+        std::cout<<"|  ";
+    std::cout<<ast_name[type];
+    if(type==ast_str || type==ast_id || type==ast_default_arg || type==ast_dynamic_id || type==ast_callh)
+    {
+        std::cout<<":";
+        raw_string(str);
+    }
+    else if(type==ast_num || type==ast_file)
+        std::cout<<":"<<num;
     std::cout<<'\n';
-    int child_size=this->children.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<child_size;++i)
-        this->children[i].print_ast(depth+1);
+    for(auto& i:children)
+        i.print_ast(depth+1);
     return;
 }
 

nasal_gc.h

@@ -1,576 +1,269 @@
 #ifndef __NASAL_GC_H__
 #define __NASAL_GC_H__
 
-enum runtime_scalar_type
+enum nasal_type
 {
     vm_nil=0,
     vm_num,
     vm_str,
-    vm_scop,
     vm_func,
     vm_vec,
-    vm_hash
+    vm_hash,
+    vm_obj,
+    vm_type_size
 };
 
-class nasal_gc;
-class nasal_vec;
-class nasal_hash;
-class nasal_func;
-class nasal_scop;
-class nasal_val;
-
-class nasal_vec
+// change parameters here to make your own efficient gc
+// better set bigger number on vm_num and vm_vec
+const int increment[vm_type_size]=
 {
-private:
-    nasal_gc& gc;
-    std::vector<nasal_val*> elems;
-public:
-    nasal_vec(nasal_gc&);
-    ~nasal_vec();
-    int  size();
-    void add_elem(nasal_val*);
-    void print();
-    nasal_val*  del_elem();
-    nasal_val*  operator[](const int);
-    nasal_val*  get_value_address(int);
-    nasal_val** get_mem_address(int);
+    0,    // vm_nil,in fact it is not in use
+    65536,// vm_num
+    2048, // vm_str
+    512,  // vm_func
+    8192, // vm_vec
+    512,  // vm_hash
+    0     // vm_obj
 };
 
-class nasal_hash
-{
-private:
-    nasal_gc& gc;
-    std::unordered_map<std::string,nasal_val*> elems;
-public:
-    nasal_hash(nasal_gc&);
-    ~nasal_hash();
-    int  size();
-    bool check_contain(std::string);
-    void add_elem(std::string,nasal_val*);
-    void del_elem(std::string);
-    void print();
-    nasal_val*  get_special_para(std::string);
-    nasal_val*  get_value_address(std::string);
-    nasal_val** get_mem_address(std::string);
-    nasal_val*  get_keys();
-};
+// declaration of nasal_val
+struct nasal_val;
+// define nasal_ref => nasal_val*
+typedef nasal_val* nasal_ref;
 
-class nasal_func
+#ifdef __NASAL_REF__
+struct nasal_ref
 {
-private:
-    nasal_gc& gc;
-    int entry;
-    nasal_val* closure_addr;
-    std::vector<int> para;
-    int dynpara;
-    std::vector<nasal_val*> default_para_addr;
-public:
-    nasal_func(nasal_gc&);
-    ~nasal_func();
-    int  get_entry();
-    int  get_dynamic_para();
-    void set_entry(int);
-    void add_para(int,nasal_val*,bool);
-    void set_closure_addr(nasal_val*);
-    void set_new_closure();
-    nasal_val* get_closure_addr();
-    std::vector<int>& get_para();
-    std::vector<nasal_val*>& get_default();
-};
-
-class nasal_scop
-{
-private:
-    nasal_gc& gc;
-    std::unordered_map<int,nasal_val*> elems;
-public:
-    nasal_scop(nasal_gc&);
-    ~nasal_scop();
-    void set_closure(nasal_scop&);
-    void add_new_value(int,nasal_val*);
-    nasal_val*  get_value_address(int);
-    nasal_val** get_mem_address(int);
-};
-
-class nasal_val
-{
-protected:
-    int type;
-    union 
+    uint8_t type;
+    union
     {
         double num;
+        nasal_val* gcobj;
+    }value;
+};
+#endif
+
+struct nasal_vec// 24 bytes
+{
+    std::vector<nasal_ref> elems;
+
+    void       print();
+    nasal_ref  get_val(int);
+    nasal_ref* get_mem(int);
+};
+
+struct nasal_hash// 56 bytes
+{
+    std::unordered_map<std::string,nasal_ref> elems;
+
+    void       print();
+    nasal_ref  get_val(std::string&);
+    nasal_ref* get_mem(std::string&);
+};
+
+struct nasal_func// 120 bytes
+{
+    int32_t  dynpara;  // dynamic parameter name index in hash
+    uint32_t offset;   // arguments will be loaded into local scope from this offset 
+    uint32_t entry;    // pc will set to entry-1 to call this function
+    std::vector<nasal_ref> default_para;// default value(nasal_ref)
+    std::unordered_map<std::string,int> key_table;// parameter name hash
+    nasal_ref closure; // closure will be loaded to gc.local.back() as the local scope
+
+    nasal_func();
+    void clear();
+};
+
+struct nasal_val// 16 bytes
+{
+#define GC_UNCOLLECTED 0   
+#define GC_COLLECTED   1
+#define GC_FOUND       2
+    uint8_t mark;
+    uint8_t type;
+    union 
+    {
+        double       num;
         std::string* str;
         nasal_vec*   vec;
         nasal_hash*  hash;
         nasal_func*  func;
-        nasal_scop* cls;
+        void*        obj;
     }ptr;
-public:
-    int ref_cnt;
-    nasal_val();
-    nasal_val(int,nasal_gc&);
-    ~nasal_val();
-    void clear();
-    void set_type(int,nasal_gc&);
-    void set_number(double);
-    void set_string(std::string);
-    int         get_type();
-    double      to_number();
-    double      get_number();
-    std::string to_string();
-    std::string get_string();
-    nasal_vec&  get_vector();
-    nasal_hash& get_hash();
-    nasal_func& get_func();
-    nasal_scop& get_closure();
-};
 
-class nasal_gc
-{
-private:
-    std::queue<nasal_val*>  free_space;
-    std::vector<nasal_val*> memory;
-public:
-    ~nasal_gc();
-    void clear();
-    nasal_val* gc_alloc(int);
-    void add_reference(nasal_val*);
-    void del_reference(nasal_val*);
+    nasal_val(int);
+    ~nasal_val();
+    double to_number();
+    std::string to_string();
 };
 
 /*functions of nasal_vec*/
-nasal_vec::nasal_vec(nasal_gc& ngc):gc(ngc)
-{
-    return;
-}
-nasal_vec::~nasal_vec()
-{
-    int size=elems.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        gc.del_reference(elems[i]);
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_vec::add_elem(nasal_val* value_address)
-{
-    elems.push_back(value_address);
-    return;
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_vec::del_elem()
-{
-    // pop back
-    if(!elems.size())
-        return NULL;
-    nasal_val* ret=elems.back();
-    elems.pop_back();
-    return ret;
-}
-int nasal_vec::size()
-{
-    return elems.size();
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_vec::operator[](const int index)
-{
-    return elems[index];
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_vec::get_value_address(int index)
+nasal_ref nasal_vec::get_val(int index)
 {
     int vec_size=elems.size();
     if(index<-vec_size || index>=vec_size)
-    {
-        std::cout<<">> [gc] nasal_vec::get_value_address: index out of range: "<<index<<"\n";
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    int idx[2]={index+vec_size,index};
-    return elems[idx[index>=0]];
+        return nullptr;
+    return elems[index>=0?index:index+vec_size];
 }
-nasal_val** nasal_vec::get_mem_address(int index)
+nasal_ref* nasal_vec::get_mem(int index)
 {
     int vec_size=elems.size();
     if(index<-vec_size || index>=vec_size)
-    {
-        std::cout<<">> [gc] nasal_vec::get_mem_address: index out of range: "<<index<<"\n";
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    int idx[2]={index+vec_size,index};
-    return &elems[idx[index>=0]];
+        return nullptr;
+    return &elems[index>=0?index:index+vec_size];
 }
 void nasal_vec::print()
 {
-    int size=elems.size();
-    std::cout<<"[";
-    if(!size)
-        std::cout<<"]";
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
+    static int depth=0;
+    if(++depth>32)
     {
-        nasal_val* tmp=elems[i];
-        switch(tmp->get_type())
-        {
-            case vm_nil:  std::cout<<"nil";             break;
-            case vm_num:  std::cout<<tmp->get_number(); break;
-            case vm_str:  std::cout<<tmp->get_string(); break;
-            case vm_vec:  tmp->get_vector().print();    break;
-            case vm_hash: tmp->get_hash().print();      break;
-            case vm_func: std::cout<<"func(...){...}";  break;
-        }
-        std::cout<<",]"[i==size-1];
+        std::cout<<"[..]";
+        --depth;
+        return;
     }
+    if(!elems.size())
+    {
+        std::cout<<"[]";
+        return;
+    }
+    ssize_t iter=0;
+    std::cout<<'[';
+    for(auto i:elems)
+    {
+        switch(i->type)
+        {
+            case vm_nil:  std::cout<<"nil";          break;
+            case vm_num:  std::cout<<i->ptr.num;     break;
+            case vm_str:  std::cout<<*i->ptr.str;    break;
+            case vm_vec:  i->ptr.vec->print();       break;
+            case vm_hash: i->ptr.hash->print();      break;
+            case vm_func: std::cout<<"func(..){..}"; break;
+        }
+        std::cout<<",]"[(++iter)==elems.size()];
+    }
+    --depth;
     return;
 }
 
 /*functions of nasal_hash*/
-nasal_hash::nasal_hash(nasal_gc& ngc):gc(ngc)
+nasal_ref nasal_hash::get_val(std::string& key)
 {
-    return;
-}
-nasal_hash::~nasal_hash()
-{
-    for(auto iter=elems.begin();iter!=elems.end();++iter)
-        gc.del_reference(iter->second);
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_hash::add_elem(std::string key,nasal_val* value_address)
-{
-    if(!elems.count(key))
-        elems[key]=value_address;
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_hash::del_elem(std::string key)
-{
-    if(!elems.count(key))
-    {
-        gc.del_reference(elems[key]);
-        elems.erase(key);
-    }
-    return;
-}
-int nasal_hash::size()
-{
-    return elems.size();
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_hash::get_special_para(std::string key)
-{
-    if(elems.count(key))
-        return elems[key];
-    return NULL;
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_hash::get_value_address(std::string key)
-{
-    nasal_val* ret_value_addr=NULL;
     if(elems.count(key))
         return elems[key];
     else if(elems.count("parents"))
     {
-        nasal_val* val_addr=elems["parents"];
-        if(val_addr->get_type()==vm_vec)
-        {
-            nasal_vec& vec_ref=val_addr->get_vector();
-            int size=vec_ref.size();
-            for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
+        nasal_ref ret_addr=nullptr;
+        nasal_ref val_addr=elems["parents"];
+        if(val_addr->type==vm_vec)
+            for(auto i:val_addr->ptr.vec->elems)
             {
-                nasal_val* tmp_val_addr=vec_ref.get_value_address(i);
-                if(tmp_val_addr->get_type()==vm_hash)
-                    ret_value_addr=tmp_val_addr->get_hash().get_value_address(key);
-                if(ret_value_addr)
-                    break;
+                if(i->type==vm_hash)
+                    ret_addr=i->ptr.hash->get_val(key);
+                if(ret_addr)
+                    return ret_addr;
             }
-        }
     }
-    return ret_value_addr;
+    return nullptr;
 }
-nasal_val** nasal_hash::get_mem_address(std::string key)
+nasal_ref* nasal_hash::get_mem(std::string& key)
 {
-    nasal_val** mem_addr=NULL;
     if(elems.count(key))
         return &elems[key];
     else if(elems.count("parents"))
     {
-        nasal_val* val_addr=elems["parents"];
-        if(val_addr->get_type()==vm_vec)
-        {
-            nasal_vec& vec_ref=val_addr->get_vector();
-            int size=vec_ref.size();
-            for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
+        nasal_ref* mem_addr=nullptr;
+        nasal_ref val_addr=elems["parents"];
+        if(val_addr->type==vm_vec)
+            for(auto i:val_addr->ptr.vec->elems)
             {
-                nasal_val* tmp_val_addr=vec_ref.get_value_address(i);
-                if(tmp_val_addr->get_type()==vm_hash)
-                    mem_addr=tmp_val_addr->get_hash().get_mem_address(key);
+                if(i->type==vm_hash)
+                    mem_addr=i->ptr.hash->get_mem(key);
                 if(mem_addr)
-                    break;
+                    return mem_addr;
             }
-        }
     }
-    return mem_addr;
-}
-bool nasal_hash::check_contain(std::string key)
-{
-    if(elems.count(key))
-        return true;
-    if(elems.count("parents"))
-    {
-        bool result=false;
-        nasal_val* val_addr=elems["parents"];
-        if(val_addr->get_type()==vm_vec)
-        {
-            nasal_vec& vec_ref=val_addr->get_vector();
-            int size=vec_ref.size();
-            for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-            {
-                nasal_val* tmp_val_addr=vec_ref.get_value_address(i);
-                if(tmp_val_addr->get_type()==vm_hash)
-                    result=tmp_val_addr->get_hash().check_contain(key);
-                if(result)
-                    break;
-            }
-        }
-        return result;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_hash::get_keys()
-{
-    nasal_val* ret_addr=gc.gc_alloc(vm_vec);
-    nasal_vec& ref_vec=ret_addr->get_vector();
-    for(auto iter=elems.begin();iter!=elems.end();++iter)
-    {
-        nasal_val* str_addr=gc.gc_alloc(vm_str);
-        str_addr->set_string(iter->first);
-        ref_vec.add_elem(str_addr);
-    }
-    return ret_addr;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 void nasal_hash::print()
 {
-    std::cout<<'{';
-    if(!elems.size())
+    static int depth=0;
+    if(++depth>32)
     {
-        std::cout<<'}';
+        std::cout<<"{..}";
+        --depth;
         return;
     }
-    for(auto i=elems.begin();i!=elems.end();++i)
+    if(!elems.size())
     {
-        std::cout<<i->first<<':';
-        nasal_val* tmp=i->second;
-        switch(tmp->get_type())
-        {
-            case vm_nil:  std::cout<<"nil";             break;
-            case vm_num:  std::cout<<tmp->get_number(); break;
-            case vm_str:  std::cout<<tmp->get_string(); break;
-            case vm_vec:  tmp->get_vector().print();    break;
-            case vm_hash: tmp->get_hash().print();      break;
-            case vm_func: std::cout<<"func(...){...}";  break;
-        }
-        std::cout<<',';
+        std::cout<<"{}";
+        return;
     }
-    std::cout<<'}';
+    size_t iter=0;
+    std::cout<<'{';
+    for(auto& i:elems)
+    {
+        std::cout<<i.first<<':';
+        nasal_ref tmp=i.second;
+        switch(tmp->type)
+        {
+            case vm_nil:  std::cout<<"nil";          break;
+            case vm_num:  std::cout<<tmp->ptr.num;   break;
+            case vm_str:  std::cout<<*tmp->ptr.str;  break;
+            case vm_vec:  tmp->ptr.vec->print();     break;
+            case vm_hash: tmp->ptr.hash->print();    break;
+            case vm_func: std::cout<<"func(..){..}"; break;
+        }
+        std::cout<<",}"[(++iter)==elems.size()];
+    }
+    --depth;
     return;
 }
 
 /*functions of nasal_func*/
-nasal_func::nasal_func(nasal_gc& ngc):gc(ngc)
+nasal_func::nasal_func()
 {
-    closure_addr=NULL;
     dynpara=-1;
     return;
 }
-nasal_func::~nasal_func()
+void nasal_func::clear()
 {
-    if(closure_addr)
-        gc.del_reference(closure_addr);
-    for(int i=0;i<default_para_addr.size();++i)
-        if(default_para_addr[i])
-            gc.del_reference(default_para_addr[i]);
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_func::set_entry(int etr)
-{
-    entry=etr;
-    return;
-}
-int nasal_func::get_entry()
-{
-    return entry;
-}
-void nasal_func::add_para(int name_index,nasal_val* val_addr=NULL,bool is_dynamic=false)
-{
-    if(is_dynamic)
-    {
-        dynpara=name_index;
-        return;
-    }
-    para.push_back(name_index);
-    default_para_addr.push_back(val_addr);
-    return;
-}
-std::vector<int>& nasal_func::get_para()
-{
-    return para;
-}
-int nasal_func::get_dynamic_para()
-{
-    return dynpara;
-}
-std::vector<nasal_val*>& nasal_func::get_default()
-{
-    return default_para_addr;
-}
-void nasal_func::set_closure_addr(nasal_val* value_address)
-{
-    nasal_val* new_closure=gc.gc_alloc(vm_scop);
-    new_closure->get_closure().set_closure(value_address->get_closure());
-    closure_addr=new_closure;
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_func::set_new_closure()
-{
-    closure_addr=gc.gc_alloc(vm_scop);
-    return;
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_func::get_closure_addr()
-{
-    return closure_addr;
-}
-
-/*functions of nasal_scop*/
-nasal_scop::nasal_scop(nasal_gc& ngc):gc(ngc)
-{
-    return;
-}
-nasal_scop::~nasal_scop()
-{
-    for(auto i=elems.begin();i!=elems.end();++i)
-        gc.del_reference(i->second);
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_scop::add_new_value(int key,nasal_val* value_address)
-{
-    if(elems.count(key))
-    {
-        // if this value already exists,delete the old value and update a new value
-        gc.del_reference(elems[key]);
-    }
-    elems[key]=value_address;
-    return;
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_scop::get_value_address(int key)
-{
-    if(elems.count(key))
-        return elems[key];
-    return NULL;
-}
-nasal_val** nasal_scop::get_mem_address(int key)
-{
-    if(elems.count(key))
-        return &(elems[key]);
-    return NULL;
-}
-void nasal_scop::set_closure(nasal_scop& tmp)
-{
-    elems=tmp.elems;
-    for(auto i=elems.begin();i!=elems.end();++i)
-        gc.add_reference(i->second);
+    dynpara=-1;
+    default_para.clear();
+    key_table.clear();
     return;
 }
 
 /*functions of nasal_val*/
-nasal_val::nasal_val()
+nasal_val::nasal_val(int val_type)
 {
-    ref_cnt=1;
-    type=vm_nil;
-    return;
-}
-nasal_val::nasal_val(int nasal_val_type,nasal_gc& nvm)
-{
-    ref_cnt=1;
-    type=nasal_val_type;
-    switch(nasal_val_type)
+    mark=GC_COLLECTED;
+    type=val_type;
+    switch(type)
     {
-        case vm_nil:  break;
-        case vm_num:  ptr.num=0;                    break;
-        case vm_str:  ptr.str=new std::string;      break;
-        case vm_vec:  ptr.vec=new nasal_vec(nvm);   break;
-        case vm_hash: ptr.hash=new nasal_hash(nvm); break;
-        case vm_func: ptr.func=new nasal_func(nvm); break;
-        case vm_scop: ptr.cls=new nasal_scop(nvm);  break;
+        case vm_num:  ptr.num=0;               break;
+        case vm_str:  ptr.str=new std::string; break;
+        case vm_vec:  ptr.vec=new nasal_vec;   break;
+        case vm_hash: ptr.hash=new nasal_hash; break;
+        case vm_func: ptr.func=new nasal_func; break;
     }
     return;
 }
 nasal_val::~nasal_val()
 {
-    // must set type and scalar_ptr to default first
-    // this operation will avoid SIGTRAP caused by circular reference
-    // circular reference will cause using destructor repeatedly
-    int tmp_type=type;
-    type=vm_nil;
-    switch(tmp_type)
+    switch(type)
     {
-        case vm_nil:  break;
-        case vm_num:  break;
         case vm_str:  delete ptr.str;  break;
         case vm_vec:  delete ptr.vec;  break;
         case vm_hash: delete ptr.hash; break;
         case vm_func: delete ptr.func; break;
-        case vm_scop: delete ptr.cls;  break;
     }
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_val::clear()
-{
-    // must set type and scalar_ptr to default first
-    // this operation will avoid SIGTRAP caused by circular reference
-    // circular reference will cause using destructor repeatedly
-    int tmp_type=type;
     type=vm_nil;
-    switch(tmp_type)
-    {
-        case vm_nil:  break;
-        case vm_num:  break;
-        case vm_str:  delete ptr.str;  break;
-        case vm_vec:  delete ptr.vec;  break;
-        case vm_hash: delete ptr.hash; break;
-        case vm_func: delete ptr.func; break;
-        case vm_scop: delete ptr.cls;  break;
-    }
     return;
 }
-void nasal_val::set_type(int nasal_val_type,nasal_gc& nvm)
-{
-    type=nasal_val_type;
-    switch(nasal_val_type)
-    {
-        case vm_nil:  break;
-        case vm_num:  ptr.num=0;                    break;
-        case vm_str:  ptr.str=new std::string;      break;
-        case vm_vec:  ptr.vec=new nasal_vec(nvm);   break;
-        case vm_hash: ptr.hash=new nasal_hash(nvm); break;
-        case vm_func: ptr.func=new nasal_func(nvm); break;
-        case vm_scop: ptr.cls=new nasal_scop(nvm);  break;
-    }
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_val::set_number(double num)
-{
-    ptr.num=num;
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_val::set_string(std::string str)
-{
-    *ptr.str=str;
-    return;
-}
-int nasal_val::get_type()
-{
-    return type;
-}
 double nasal_val::to_number()
 {
-    if(type==vm_num)
-        return ptr.num;
-    else if(type==vm_str)
-        return trans_string_to_number(*ptr.str);
-    return 0;
-}
-double nasal_val::get_number()
-{
+    if(type==vm_str)
+        return str2num(ptr.str->c_str());
     return ptr.num;
 }
 std::string nasal_val::to_string()
@@ -578,82 +271,178 @@ std::string nasal_val::to_string()
     if(type==vm_str)
         return *ptr.str;
     else if(type==vm_num)
-        return trans_number_to_string(ptr.num);
+        return std::to_string(ptr.num);
     return "";
 }
-std::string nasal_val::get_string()
-{
-    return *ptr.str;
-}
-nasal_vec& nasal_val::get_vector()
-{
-    return *ptr.vec;
-}
-nasal_hash& nasal_val::get_hash()
-{
-    return *ptr.hash;
-}
-nasal_func& nasal_val::get_func()
-{
-    return *ptr.func;
-}
-nasal_scop& nasal_val::get_closure()
-{
-    return *ptr.cls;
-}
 
-/*functions of nasal_gc*/
-nasal_gc::~nasal_gc()
+struct nasal_gc
 {
-    int gc_mem_size=memory.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<gc_mem_size;++i)
-        memory[i]->clear();
-    for(int i=0;i<gc_mem_size;++i)
-        delete memory[i];
-    while(!free_space.empty())
-        free_space.pop();
-    return;
-}
-void nasal_gc::clear()
+#define STACK_MAX_DEPTH (4095)
+    nasal_ref              zero_addr;               // reserved address of nasal_val,type vm_num, 0
+    nasal_ref              one_addr;                // reserved address of nasal_val,type vm_num, 1
+    nasal_ref              nil_addr;                // reserved address of nasal_val,type vm_nil
+    nasal_ref              val_stack[STACK_MAX_DEPTH+1];// 1 reserved to avoid stack overflow, stack grows 1 each time
+    nasal_ref*             stack_top;               // stack top
+    std::vector<nasal_ref> num_addrs;               // reserved address for const vm_num
+    std::vector<nasal_ref> str_addrs;               // reserved address for const vm_str
+    std::vector<nasal_ref> memory;                  // gc memory
+    std::queue <nasal_ref> free_list[vm_type_size]; // gc free list
+    std::vector<nasal_ref> local;
+    void                   mark();
+    void                   sweep();
+    void                   gc_init(const std::vector<double>&,const std::vector<std::string>&);
+    void                   gc_clear();
+    nasal_ref              gc_alloc(int);
+    nasal_ref              builtin_alloc(int);
+};
+
+/* gc functions */
+void nasal_gc::mark()
 {
-    int gc_mem_size=memory.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<gc_mem_size;++i)
-        memory[i]->clear();
-    for(int i=0;i<gc_mem_size;++i)
-        delete memory[i];
-    while(!free_space.empty())
-        free_space.pop();
-    memory.clear();
-    return;
-}
-nasal_val* nasal_gc::gc_alloc(int val_type)
-{
-    if(free_space.empty())
+    std::queue<nasal_ref> bfs;
+    for(auto i:local)
+        bfs.push(i);
+    for(nasal_ref* i=val_stack;i<=stack_top;++i)
+        bfs.push(*i);
+    while(!bfs.empty())
     {
-        nasal_val* new_unit=new nasal_val(val_type,*this);
-        memory.push_back(new_unit);
-        return new_unit;
+        nasal_ref tmp=bfs.front();
+        bfs.pop();
+        if(tmp->mark) continue;
+        tmp->mark=GC_FOUND;
+        switch(tmp->type)
+        {
+            case vm_vec:
+                for(auto i:tmp->ptr.vec->elems)
+                    bfs.push(i);
+                break;
+            case vm_hash:
+                for(auto& i:tmp->ptr.hash->elems)
+                    bfs.push(i.second);
+                break;
+            case vm_func:
+                bfs.push(tmp->ptr.func->closure);
+                for(auto i:tmp->ptr.func->default_para)
+                    if(i)
+                        bfs.push(i);
+                break;
+        }
     }
-    nasal_val* ret=free_space.front();
-    free_space.pop();
-    ret->ref_cnt=1;
-    ret->set_type(val_type,*this);
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_gc::sweep()
+{
+    for(auto i:memory)
+    {
+        if(i->mark==GC_UNCOLLECTED)
+        {
+            switch(i->type)
+            {
+                case vm_str: i->ptr.str->clear();       break;
+                case vm_vec: i->ptr.vec->elems.clear(); break;
+                case vm_hash:i->ptr.hash->elems.clear();break;
+                case vm_func:i->ptr.func->clear();      break;
+            }
+            free_list[i->type].push(i);
+            i->mark=GC_COLLECTED;
+        }
+        else if(i->mark==GC_FOUND)
+            i->mark=GC_UNCOLLECTED;
+    }
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_gc::gc_init(const std::vector<double>& nums,const std::vector<std::string>& strs)
+{
+    for(int i=vm_num;i<vm_type_size;++i)
+        for(int j=0;j<increment[i];++j)
+        {
+            nasal_ref tmp=new nasal_val(i);
+            memory.push_back(tmp);
+            free_list[i].push(tmp);
+        }
+
+    stack_top=val_stack; // set stack_top to val_stack
+
+    zero_addr=new nasal_val(vm_num); // init constant 0
+    zero_addr->ptr.num=0;
+
+    one_addr=new nasal_val(vm_num); // init constant 1
+    one_addr->ptr.num=1;
+
+    nil_addr=new nasal_val(vm_nil); // init nil
+
+    // init constant numbers
+    num_addrs.resize(nums.size());
+    for(int i=0;i<nums.size();++i)
+    {
+        num_addrs[i]=new nasal_val(vm_num);
+        num_addrs[i]->ptr.num=nums[i];
+    }
+    // init constant strings
+    str_addrs.resize(strs.size());
+    for(int i=0;i<strs.size();++i)
+    {
+        str_addrs[i]=new nasal_val(vm_str);
+        *str_addrs[i]->ptr.str=strs[i];
+    }
+    return;
+}
+void nasal_gc::gc_clear()
+{
+    for(auto i:memory)
+        delete i;
+    memory.clear();
+    for(int i=0;i<vm_type_size;++i)
+        while(!free_list[i].empty())
+            free_list[i].pop();
+    local.clear();
+
+    delete nil_addr;
+    delete one_addr;
+    delete zero_addr;
+    for(auto i:num_addrs)
+        delete i;
+    num_addrs.clear();
+    for(auto i:str_addrs)
+        delete i;
+    str_addrs.clear();
+    return;
+}
+nasal_ref nasal_gc::gc_alloc(int type)
+{
+    if(free_list[type].empty())
+    {
+        mark();
+        sweep();
+    }
+    if(free_list[type].empty())
+        for(int i=0;i<increment[type];++i)
+        {
+            nasal_ref tmp=new nasal_val(type);
+            memory.push_back(tmp);
+            free_list[type].push(tmp);
+        }
+    nasal_ref ret=free_list[type].front();
+    ret->mark=GC_UNCOLLECTED;
+    free_list[type].pop();
     return ret;
 }
-void nasal_gc::add_reference(nasal_val* value_address)
+nasal_ref nasal_gc::builtin_alloc(int type)
 {
-    ++value_address->ref_cnt;
-    return;
+    // when running a builtin function,alloc will run more than one time
+    // this may cause mark-sweep in gc_alloc
+    // and the value got before will be collected,this is a fatal error
+    // so use builtin_alloc in builtin functions if this function uses alloc more then one time
+    if(free_list[type].empty())
+        for(int i=0;i<increment[type];++i)
+        {
+            nasal_ref tmp=new nasal_val(type);
+            memory.push_back(tmp);
+            free_list[type].push(tmp);
+        }
+    nasal_ref ret=free_list[type].front();
+    ret->mark=GC_UNCOLLECTED;
+    free_list[type].pop();
+    return ret;
 }
-void nasal_gc::del_reference(nasal_val* value_address)
-{
-    --value_address->ref_cnt;
-    if(!value_address->ref_cnt)
-    {
-        value_address->clear();
-        free_space.push(value_address);
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
 #endif

nasal_import.h

@@ -4,35 +4,37 @@
 class nasal_import
 {
 private:
-    nasal_lexer    import_lex;
-    nasal_parse    import_par;
-    nasal_ast      import_ast;
+    int                      error;
+    nasal_lexer              import_lex;
+    nasal_parse              import_par;
+    nasal_ast                import_ast;
     std::vector<std::string> filename_table;
-    int error;
-    void die(std::string,std::string);
-    bool check_import(nasal_ast&);
-    bool check_exist(std::string);
-    void linker(nasal_ast&,nasal_ast&);
+    void      die(const std::string&,const char*);
+    bool      check_import(const nasal_ast&);
+    bool      check_exist(const std::string&);
+    void      linker(nasal_ast&,nasal_ast&&);
     nasal_ast file_import(nasal_ast&);
-    nasal_ast load(nasal_ast&);
+    nasal_ast load(nasal_ast&,uint16_t);
 public:
-    int  get_error();
-    void link(nasal_ast&);
-    nasal_ast& get_root();
+    const int get_error(){return error;}
+    void      link(nasal_ast&,const std::string&);
+    const nasal_ast& 
+        get_root(){return import_ast;}
+    const std::vector<std::string>& 
+        get_file(){return filename_table;}
 };
 
-void nasal_import::die(std::string filename,std::string error_stage)
+void nasal_import::die(const std::string& filename,const char* error_stage)
 {
     ++error;
-    std::cout<<">> [import] in <\""<<filename<<"\">: error(s) occurred in "<<error_stage<<"."<<std::endl;
+    std::cout<<"[import] in <\""<<filename<<"\">: error(s) occurred in "<<error_stage<<".\n";
     return;
 }
 
-bool nasal_import::check_import(nasal_ast& node)
+bool nasal_import::check_import(const nasal_ast& node)
 {
 /*
-    only this kind of node can be recognized as 'import':
-
+only this kind of node can be recognized as 'import':
     call
         id:import
         call_func
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ bool nasal_import::check_import(nasal_ast& node)
 */
     if(node.get_type()!=ast_call)
         return false;
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=node.get_children();
+    const std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=node.get_children();
     if(ref_vec.size()!=2)
         return false;
     if(ref_vec[0].get_str()!="import")
@@ -52,24 +54,21 @@ bool nasal_import::check_import(nasal_ast& node)
     return true;
 }
 
-bool nasal_import::check_exist(std::string filename)
+bool nasal_import::check_exist(const std::string& file)
 {
     // avoid importing the same file
-    int size=filename_table.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        if(filename==filename_table[i])
+    for(auto& fname:filename_table)
+        if(file==fname)
             return true;
-    filename_table.push_back(filename);
+    filename_table.push_back(file);
     return false;
 }
 
-void nasal_import::linker(nasal_ast& root,nasal_ast& add_root)
+void nasal_import::linker(nasal_ast& root,nasal_ast&& add_root)
 {
     // add children of add_root to the back of root
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=add_root.get_children();
-    int size=ref_vec.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        root.add_child(ref_vec[i]);
+    for(auto& i:add_root.get_children())
+        root.add_child(std::move(i));
     return;
 }
 
@@ -91,62 +90,45 @@ nasal_ast nasal_import::file_import(nasal_ast& node)
     import_lex.scanner();
     if(import_lex.get_error())
     {
-        this->die(filename,"lexer");
+        die(filename,"lexer");
         return tmp;
     }
-    import_par.set_toklist(import_lex.get_token_list());
-    import_par.main_process();
+    import_par.main_process(import_lex.get_token_list());
     if(import_par.get_error())
     {
-        this->die(filename,"parser");
+        die(filename,"parser");
         return tmp;
     }
-    tmp=import_par.get_root();
-
+    tmp=std::move(import_par.get_root());
     // check if tmp has 'import'
-    return load(tmp);
+    return load(tmp,filename_table.size()-1);
 }
 
-nasal_ast nasal_import::load(nasal_ast& root)
+nasal_ast nasal_import::load(nasal_ast& root,uint16_t fileindex)
 {
     nasal_ast new_root(0,ast_root);
-
-    std::vector<nasal_ast>& ref_vec=root.get_children();
-    int size=ref_vec.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-    {
-        if(check_import(ref_vec[i]))
-        {
-            nasal_ast tmp=file_import(ref_vec[i]);
-            // add tmp to the back of new_root
-            linker(new_root,tmp);
-        }
-    }
+    for(auto& i:root.get_children())
+        if(check_import(i))
+            linker(new_root,file_import(i));
     // add root to the back of new_root
-    linker(new_root,root);
-    // oops,i think it is not efficient if the root is too ... large?
+    nasal_ast file_head(0,ast_file);
+    file_head.set_num(fileindex);
+    new_root.add_child(std::move(file_head));
+    linker(new_root,std::move(root));
     return new_root;
 }
 
-void nasal_import::link(nasal_ast& root)
+void nasal_import::link(nasal_ast& root,const std::string& self)
 {
     // initializing
     error=0;
     filename_table.clear();
+    filename_table.push_back(self);
     import_ast.clear();
     // scan root and import files,then generate a new ast and return to import_ast
-    import_ast=load(root);
+    // the main file's index is 0
+    import_ast=load(root,0);
     return;
 }
 
-nasal_ast& nasal_import::get_root()
-{
-    return import_ast;
-}
-
-int nasal_import::get_error()
-{
-    return error;
-}
-
 #endif

nasal_lexer.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #define IS_STRING(c)          (c=='\''||c=='\"'||c=='`')
 // single operators have only one character
 #define IS_SINGLE_OPERATOR(c) (c=='('||c==')'||c=='['||c==']'||c=='{'||c=='}'||c==','||c==';'||c=='|'||c==':'||\
-							   c=='?'||c=='`'||c=='&'||c=='@'||c=='%'||c=='$'||c=='^'||c=='\\')
+                               c=='?'||c=='`'||c=='&'||c=='@'||c=='%'||c=='$'||c=='^'||c=='\\')
 // calculation operators may have two chars, for example: += -= *= /= ~= != == >= <=
 #define IS_CALC_OPERATOR(c)   (c=='='||c=='+'||c=='-'||c=='*'||c=='!'||c=='/'||c=='<'||c=='>'||c=='~')
 #define IS_NOTE(c)            (c=='#')
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ enum token_type
     tok_eq,
     tok_addeq,tok_subeq,tok_multeq,tok_diveq,tok_lnkeq,
     tok_cmpeq,tok_neq,tok_less,tok_leq,tok_grt,tok_geq,
-	tok_eof
+    tok_eof
 };
 
 struct
 {
     const char* str;
-    int tok_type;
+    const int tok_type;
 }token_table[]=
 {
     {"for"     ,tok_for      },
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ struct
     {"/"       ,tok_div      },
     {"~"       ,tok_link     },
     {"!"       ,tok_not      },
-	{"="       ,tok_eq       },
+    {"="       ,tok_eq       },
     {"+="      ,tok_addeq    },
     {"-="      ,tok_subeq    },
     {"*="      ,tok_multeq   },
@@ -79,10 +79,10 @@ struct
     {"=="      ,tok_cmpeq    },
     {"!="      ,tok_neq      },
     {"<"       ,tok_less     },
-	{"<="      ,tok_leq      },
+    {"<="      ,tok_leq      },
     {">"       ,tok_grt      },
     {">="      ,tok_geq      },
-	{NULL      ,-1           }
+    {nullptr   ,-1           }
 };
 
 struct token
@@ -90,42 +90,41 @@ struct token
     int line;
     int type;
     std::string str;
-	token(int l=0,int t=tok_null,std::string s=""){line=l;type=t;str=s;return;}
+    token(int l=0,int t=tok_null,std::string s=""){line=l;type=t;str=s;}
 };
 
 class nasal_lexer
 {
 private:
     int error;
-	int res_size;
-	int line;
-	int ptr;
-	std::string line_code;
-	std::vector<char> res;
+    int res_size;
+    int line;
+    int ptr;
+    std::string line_code;
+    std::string res;
     std::vector<token> token_list;
-	int  get_token_type(std::string);
-	void die(std::string,std::string,int,int);
-	std::string identifier_gen();
-    std::string number_gen();
-    std::string string_gen();
+    int  get_tok_type(const std::string&);
+    void die(const char*);
+    std::string id_gen();
+    std::string num_gen();
+    std::string str_gen();
 public:
-	void openfile(std::string);
+    void openfile(const std::string&);
     void scanner();
     void print_token();
-    int  get_error();
-	std::vector<token>& get_token_list();
+    int  get_error(){return error;}
+    std::vector<token>& get_token_list(){return token_list;}
 };
 
-void nasal_lexer::openfile(std::string filename)
+void nasal_lexer::openfile(const std::string& filename)
 {
-	error=0;
-	res.clear();
+    error=0;
+    res.clear();
     std::ifstream fin(filename,std::ios::binary);
     if(fin.fail())
     {
-		++error;
-        std::cout<<">> [lexer] cannot open file \""<<filename<<"\".\n";
-        fin.close();
+        ++error;
+        std::cout<<"[lexer] cannot open file <"<<filename<<">.\n";
         return;
     }
     while(!fin.eof())
@@ -133,225 +132,189 @@ void nasal_lexer::openfile(std::string filename)
         char c=fin.get();
         if(fin.eof())
             break;
-        res.push_back(c);
+        res+=c;
     }
-    fin.close();
-	res_size=res.size();
     return;
 }
 
-int nasal_lexer::get_token_type(std::string tk_str)
+int nasal_lexer::get_tok_type(const std::string& tk_str)
 {
-	for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
-		if(tk_str==token_table[i].str)
-			return token_table[i].tok_type;
-	return tok_null;
+    for(int i=0;token_table[i].str;++i)
+        if(tk_str==token_table[i].str)
+            return token_table[i].tok_type;
+    return tok_null;
 }
 
-void nasal_lexer::die(std::string code,std::string error_info,int line=-1,int column=-1)
+void nasal_lexer::die(const char* error_info)
 {
-	++error;
-	std::cout<<">> [lexer] line "<<line<<" column "<<column<<": \n"<<code<<"\n";
-	for(int i=0;i<column-1;++i)
-		std::cout<<(code[i]=='\t'?'\t':' ');
-	std::cout<<"^ "<<error_info<<'\n';
-	return;
+    ++error;
+    std::cout<<"[lexer] line "<<line<<" column "<<line_code.length()<<": \n"<<line_code<<"\n";
+    for(auto i:line_code)
+        std::cout<<(i=='\t'?'\t':' ');
+    std::cout<<"^"<<error_info<<'\n';
+    return;
 }
 
-std::string nasal_lexer::identifier_gen()
+std::string nasal_lexer::id_gen()
 {
-	std::string token_str="";
-	while(ptr<res_size && (IS_IDENTIFIER(res[ptr])||IS_DIGIT(res[ptr])))
-		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-	line_code+=token_str;
-	return token_str;
-	// after running this process, ptr will point to the next token's beginning character
+    std::string token_str="";
+    while(ptr<res_size && (IS_IDENTIFIER(res[ptr])||IS_DIGIT(res[ptr])))
+        token_str+=res[ptr++];
+    line_code+=token_str;
+    return token_str;
+    // after running this process, ptr will point to the next token's beginning character
 }
 
-std::string nasal_lexer::number_gen()
+std::string nasal_lexer::num_gen()
 {
-	bool scientific_notation=false;// numbers like 1e8 are scientific_notation
-	std::string token_str="";
-	// generate hex number
-	if(ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr]=='0' && res[ptr+1]=='x')
-	{
-		token_str="0x";
-		ptr+=2;
-		while(ptr<res_size && IS_HEX_NUMBER(res[ptr]))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		line_code+=token_str;
-		if(token_str=="0x")
-		{
-			die(line_code,"incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		return token_str;
-	}
-	// generate oct number
-	else if(ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr]=='0' && res[ptr+1]=='o')
-	{
-		token_str="0o";
-		ptr+=2;
-		while(ptr<res_size && IS_OCT_NUMEBR(res[ptr]))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		line_code+=token_str;
-		if(token_str=="0o")
-		{
-			die(line_code,"incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		return token_str;
-	}
-	// generate dec number
-	// dec number -> [0~9][0~9]*(.[0~9]*)(e|E(+|-)0|[1~9][0~9]*)
-	while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
-		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-	if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='.')
-	{
-		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxx." is not a correct number
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die(line_code,"incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxx." is not a correct number
-		if(token_str.back()=='.')
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die(line_code,"incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-	}
-	if(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]=='e' || res[ptr]=='E'))
-	{
-		token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxe" is not a correct number
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die(line_code,"incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		if(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]=='-' || res[ptr]=='+'))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		if(ptr>=res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die(line_code,"incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-		while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
-			token_str+=res[ptr++];
-		// "xxxe(-|+)" is not a correct number
-		if(token_str.back()=='e' || token_str.back()=='E' || token_str.back()=='-' || token_str.back()=='+')
-		{
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			die(line_code,"incorrect number.",line,line_code.length());
-			return "0";
-		}
-	}
-	line_code+=token_str;
-	return token_str;
+    // generate hex number
+    if(ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr]=='0' && res[ptr+1]=='x')
+    {
+        std::string token_str="0x";
+        ptr+=2;
+        while(ptr<res_size && IS_HEX_NUMBER(res[ptr]))
+            token_str+=res[ptr++];
+        line_code+=token_str;
+        if(token_str.length()<3)// "0x"
+            die("incorrect number.");
+        return token_str;
+    }
+    // generate oct number
+    else if(ptr+1<res_size && res[ptr]=='0' && res[ptr+1]=='o')
+    {
+        std::string token_str="0o";
+        ptr+=2;
+        while(ptr<res_size && IS_OCT_NUMEBR(res[ptr]))
+            token_str+=res[ptr++];
+        line_code+=token_str;
+        if(token_str.length()<3)// "0o"
+            die("incorrect number.");
+        return token_str;
+    }
+    // generate dec number
+    // dec number -> [0~9][0~9]*(.[0~9]*)(e|E(+|-)0|[1~9][0~9]*)
+    std::string token_str="";
+    while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
+        token_str+=res[ptr++];
+    if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='.')
+    {
+        token_str+=res[ptr++];
+        while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
+            token_str+=res[ptr++];
+        // "xxxx." is not a correct number
+        if(token_str.back()=='.')
+        {
+            line_code+=token_str;
+            die("incorrect number.");
+            return "0";
+        }
+    }
+    if(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]=='e' || res[ptr]=='E'))
+    {
+        token_str+=res[ptr++];
+        if(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]=='-' || res[ptr]=='+'))
+            token_str+=res[ptr++];
+        while(ptr<res_size && IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
+            token_str+=res[ptr++];
+        // "xxxe(-|+)" is not a correct number
+        if(token_str.back()=='e' || token_str.back()=='E' || token_str.back()=='-' || token_str.back()=='+')
+        {
+            line_code+=token_str;
+            die("incorrect number.");
+            return "0";
+        }
+    }
+    line_code+=token_str;
+    return token_str;
 }
 
-std::string nasal_lexer::string_gen()
+std::string nasal_lexer::str_gen()
 {
-	std::string token_str="";
-	char str_begin=res[ptr];
-	line_code+=str_begin;
-	while(++ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!=str_begin)
-	{
-		line_code+=res[ptr];
-		if(res[ptr]=='\n')
-		{
-			line_code="";
-			++line;
-		}
-		if(res[ptr]=='\\' && ptr+1<res_size)
-		{
-			line_code+=res[++ptr];
-			switch(res[ptr])
-			{
-				case 'a':token_str.push_back('\a');break;
-				case 'b':token_str.push_back('\b');break;
-				case 'f':token_str.push_back('\f');break;
-				case 'n':token_str.push_back('\n');break;
-				case 'r':token_str.push_back('\r');break;
-				case 't':token_str.push_back('\t');break;
-				case 'v':token_str.push_back('\v');break;
-				case '?':token_str.push_back('\?');break;
-				case '0':token_str.push_back('\0');break;
-				case '\\':token_str.push_back('\\');break;
-				case '\'':token_str.push_back('\'');break;
-				case '\"':token_str.push_back('\"');break;
-				default:  token_str.push_back(res[ptr]);break;
-			}
-			continue;
-		}
-		token_str+=res[ptr];
-	}
-	// check if this string ends with a " or '
-	if(ptr++>=res_size)
-		die(line_code,"get EOF when generating string.",line,line_code.length());
-	return token_str;
+    std::string token_str="";
+    char str_begin=res[ptr];
+    line_code+=str_begin;
+    while(++ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!=str_begin)
+    {
+        line_code+=res[ptr];
+        if(res[ptr]=='\n')
+        {
+            line_code="";
+            ++line;
+        }
+        if(res[ptr]=='\\' && ptr+1<res_size)
+        {
+            line_code+=res[++ptr];
+            switch(res[ptr])
+            {
+                case 'a': token_str.push_back('\a');break;
+                case 'b': token_str.push_back('\b');break;
+                case 'f': token_str.push_back('\f');break;
+                case 'n': token_str.push_back('\n');break;
+                case 'r': token_str.push_back('\r');break;
+                case 't': token_str.push_back('\t');break;
+                case 'v': token_str.push_back('\v');break;
+                case '?': token_str.push_back('\?');break;
+                case '0': token_str.push_back('\0');break;
+                case '\\':token_str.push_back('\\');break;
+                case '\'':token_str.push_back('\'');break;
+                case '\"':token_str.push_back('\"');break;
+                default:  token_str.push_back(res[ptr]);break;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        token_str+=res[ptr];
+    }
+    // check if this string ends with a " or '
+    if(ptr++>=res_size)
+        die("get EOF when generating string.");
+    if(str_begin=='`' && token_str.length()!=1)
+        die("\'`\' is used for string that includes one character.");
+    return token_str;
 }
 
 void nasal_lexer::scanner()
 {
     token_list.clear();
     line=1;
-	ptr=0;
-	line_code="";
+    ptr=0;
+    line_code="";
+    res_size=res.size();
 
-	std::string token_str;
-	while(ptr<res_size)
-	{
-		while(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]==' ' || res[ptr]=='\n' || res[ptr]=='\t' || res[ptr]=='\r' || res[ptr]<0))
-		{
-			// these characters will be ignored, and '\n' will cause ++line
-			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			if(res[ptr++]=='\n')
-			{
-				++line;
-				line_code="";
-			}
-		}
-		if(ptr>=res_size) break;
-		if(IS_IDENTIFIER(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			token_str=identifier_gen();
-			token new_token(line,get_token_type(token_str),token_str);
-            if(!new_token.type)
-                new_token.type=tok_id;
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			token_str=number_gen();
-			token new_token(line,tok_num,token_str);
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_STRING(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			token_str=string_gen();
-			token new_token(line,tok_str,token_str);
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_SINGLE_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			token_str="";
-			token_str+=res[ptr];
-			line_code+=res[ptr];
-			token new_token(line,get_token_type(token_str),token_str);
-			if(!new_token.type)
-				die(line_code,"incorrect operator.",line,line_code.length());
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-			++ptr;
-		}
+    std::string token_str;
+    while(ptr<res_size)
+    {
+        while(ptr<res_size && (res[ptr]==' ' || res[ptr]=='\n' || res[ptr]=='\t' || res[ptr]=='\r' || res[ptr]<0))
+        {
+            // these characters will be ignored, and '\n' will cause ++line
+            line_code+=res[ptr];
+            if(res[ptr++]=='\n')
+            {
+                ++line;
+                line_code="";
+            }
+        }
+        if(ptr>=res_size) break;
+        if(IS_IDENTIFIER(res[ptr]))
+        {
+            token_str=id_gen();
+            token_list.push_back({line,get_tok_type(token_str),token_str});
+            if(!token_list.back().type)
+                token_list.back().type=tok_id;
+        }
+        else if(IS_DIGIT(res[ptr]))
+            token_list.push_back({line,tok_num,num_gen()});
+        else if(IS_STRING(res[ptr]))
+            token_list.push_back({line,tok_str,str_gen()});
+        else if(IS_SINGLE_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
+        {
+            token_str=res[ptr];
+            line_code+=res[ptr];
+            int type=get_tok_type(token_str);
+            if(!type)
+                die("incorrect operator.");
+            token_list.push_back({line,type,token_str});
+            ++ptr;
+        }
         else if(res[ptr]=='.')
         {
             if(ptr+2<res_size && res[ptr+1]=='.' && res[ptr+2]=='.')
@@ -364,48 +327,36 @@ void nasal_lexer::scanner()
                 token_str=".";
                 ++ptr;
             }
-			line_code+=token_str;
-            token new_token(line,get_token_type(token_str),token_str);
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
+            line_code+=token_str;
+            token_list.push_back({line,get_tok_type(token_str),token_str});
         }
-		else if(IS_CALC_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
-		{
-			// get calculation operator
-			token_str=res[ptr++];
-			if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='=')
-				token_str+=res[ptr++];
-			line_code+=token_str;
-			token new_token(line,get_token_type(token_str),token_str);
-			token_list.push_back(new_token);
-		}
-		else if(IS_NOTE(res[ptr]))// avoid note, after this process ptr will point to a '\n', so next loop line counter+1
-			while(++ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!='\n');
-		else
-		{
-			line_code+=res[ptr++];
-			die(line_code,"unknown character.",line,line_code.length());
-		}
-	}
-	token tk(line,tok_eof,"");
-	token_list.push_back(tk);
-	return;
+        else if(IS_CALC_OPERATOR(res[ptr]))
+        {
+            // get calculation operator
+            token_str=res[ptr++];
+            if(ptr<res_size && res[ptr]=='=')
+                token_str+=res[ptr++];
+            line_code+=token_str;
+            token_list.push_back({line,get_tok_type(token_str),token_str});
+        }
+        else if(IS_NOTE(res[ptr]))// avoid note, after this process ptr will point to a '\n', so next loop line counter+1
+            while(++ptr<res_size && res[ptr]!='\n');
+        else
+        {
+            line_code+=res[ptr++];
+            die("unknown character.");
+        }
+    }
+    token_list.push_back({line,tok_eof,""});
+    res.clear();
+    return;
 }
 
 void nasal_lexer::print_token()
 {
-    int size=token_list.size();
-    for(int i=0;i<size;++i)
-        std::cout<<"("<<token_list[i].line<<" | "<<token_list[i].str<<")\n";
+    for(auto& tok:token_list)
+        std::cout<<"("<<tok.line<<" | "<<tok.str<<")\n";
     return;
 }
 
-int nasal_lexer::get_error()
-{
-    return error;
-}
-
-std::vector<token>& nasal_lexer::get_token_list()
-{
-	return token_list;
-}
 #endif

props.nas

@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ props.Node=
         foreach(var label;path)
             tmp=tmp.val[label];
         tmp.val=val;
-        if(typeof(val)=='string')
+        if(typeof(val)=='str')
         {
             if(val=='true' or val=='false')
                 tmp.type='BOOL';
             else
                 tmp.type='STRING';
         }
-        elsif(typeof(val)=='number')
+        elsif(typeof(val)=='num')
             tmp.type='DOUBLE';
         return;
     },
@@ -117,6 +117,11 @@ props.Node=
         if(typeof(me.val)=='hash')
         {
             var key=keys(me.val);
+            if(!size(key))
+            {
+                println("{}");
+                return;
+            }
             println('{');
             foreach(var k;key)
             {

stl/lib.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+var import=func(filename)
+{
+    return __builtin_import(filename);
+}
+var print=func(elems...)
+{
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
+};
+var println=func(elems...)
+{
+    __builtin_print(elems);
+    elems=['\n'];
+    return __builtin_print(elems);
+}
+var append=func(vec,elems...)
+{
+    return __builtin_append(vec,elems);
+}
+var setsize=func(vec,size)
+{
+    return __builtin_setsize(vec,size);
+}
+var system=func(str)
+{
+    return __builtin_system(str);
+}
+var input=func()
+{
+    return __builtin_input();
+}
+var sleep=func(duration)
+{
+    return __builtin_sleep(duration);
+}
+var split=func(deli,str)
+{
+    return __builtin_split(deli,str);
+}
+var rand=func(seed=nil)
+{
+    return __builtin_rand(seed);
+}
+var id=func(object)
+{
+    return __builtin_id(object);
+}
+var int=func(val)
+{
+    return __builtin_int(val);
+}
+var num=func(val)
+{
+    return __builtin_num(val);
+}
+var pop=func(vec)
+{
+    return __builtin_pop(vec);
+}
+var str=func(num)
+{
+    return __builtin_str(num);
+}
+var size=func(object)
+{
+    return __builtin_size(object);
+}
+var contains=func(hash,key)
+{
+    return __builtin_contains(hash,key);
+}
+var delete=func(hash,key)
+{
+    return __builtin_delete(hash,key);
+}
+var keys=func(hash)
+{
+    return __builtin_keys(hash);
+}
+var time=func(begin_time)
+{
+    return __builtin_time(begin_time);
+}
+var die=func(str)
+{
+    return __builtin_die(str);
+}
+var typeof=func(object)
+{
+    return __builtin_type(object);
+}
+var substr=func(str,begin,len)
+{
+    return __builtin_substr(str,begin,len);
+}
+var streq=func(a,b)
+{
+    return __builtin_streq(a,b);
+}
+var left=func(str,len)
+{
+    return __builtin_left(str,len);
+}
+var right=func(str,len)
+{
+    return __builtin_right(str,len);
+}
+var cmp=func(a,b)
+{
+    return __builtin_cmp(a,b);
+}
+var chr=func(code)
+{
+    return __builtin_chr(code);
+}
+
+var io=
+{
+    fin: func(filename){return __builtin_fin(filename);},
+    fout:func(filename,str){return __builtin_fout(filename,str);}
+};
+
+var bits=
+{
+    bitxor:  func(a,b){return __builtin_xor(a,b); },
+    bitand:  func(a,b){return __builtin_and(a,b); },
+    bitor:   func(a,b){return __builtin_or(a,b);  },
+    bitnand: func(a,b){return __builtin_nand(a,b);},
+    bitnot:  func(a)  {return __builtin_not(a);   }
+};
+
+var math=
+{
+    e:     2.7182818284590452354,
+    pi:    3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
+    sin:   func(x)  {return __builtin_sin(x);    },
+    cos:   func(x)  {return __builtin_cos(x);    },
+    tan:   func(x)  {return __builtin_tan(x);    },
+    exp:   func(x)  {return __builtin_exp(x);    }, 
+    ln:    func(x)  {return __builtin_ln(x);     },
+    sqrt:  func(x)  {return __builtin_sqrt(x);   },
+    atan2: func(x,y){return __builtin_atan2(x,y);},
+    inf:   1/0,
+    nan:   0/0,
+    isnan: func(x)  {return __builtin_isnan(x);  }
+};
+
+var D2R=math.pi/180;
+var FPS2KT=0.5925;
+var FT2M=0.3048;
+var GAL2L=3.7854;
+var IN2M=0.0254;
+var KG2LB=2.2046;
+var KT2FPS=1.6878;
+var KT2MPS=0.5144;
+var L2GAL=0.2642;
+var LB2KG=0.4536;
+var M2FT=3.2808;
+var M2IN=39.3701;
+var M2NM=0.00054;
+var MPS2KT=1.9438;
+var NM2M=1852;
+var R2D=180/math.pi;

stl/list.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# lib list.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var list=func()
+{
+    var (begin,end)=(nil,nil);
+    return
+    {
+        push_back:func(elem)
+        {
+            var tmp={elem:elem,prev:nil,next:nil};
+            if(end!=nil)
+            {
+                end.next=tmp;
+                tmp.prev=end;
+                end=tmp;
+            }
+            else
+                begin=end=tmp;
+            return;
+        },
+        push_front:func(elem)
+        {
+            var tmp={elem:elem,prev:nil,next:nil};
+            if(begin!=nil)
+            {
+                begin.prev=tmp;
+                tmp.next=begin;
+                begin=tmp;
+            }
+            else
+                begin=end=tmp;
+            return;
+        },
+        pop_back:func()
+        {
+            if(end!=nil)
+                end=end.prev;
+            if(end==nil)
+                begin=nil;
+            else
+                end.next=nil;
+            return;
+        },
+        pop_front:func()
+        {
+            if(begin!=nil)
+                begin=begin.next;
+            if(begin==nil)
+                end=nil;
+            else
+                begin.prev=nil;
+            return;
+        },
+        front:func()
+        {
+            if(begin!=nil)
+                return begin.elem;
+            return nil;
+        },
+        back:func()
+        {
+            if(end!=nil)
+                return end.elem;
+            return nil;
+        },
+    };
+}

stl/queue.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# lib queue.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var queue=func()
+{
+    var (begin,end)=(nil,nil);
+    return
+    {
+        push:func(elem)
+        {
+            var new_node=
+            {
+                elem:elem,
+                next:nil
+            };
+            if(begin==nil)
+                begin=end=new_node;
+            else
+            {
+                end.next=new_node;
+                end=new_node;
+            }
+            return;
+        },
+        pop:func()
+        {
+            if(begin!=nil)
+                begin=begin.next;
+            if(begin==nil)
+                end=nil;
+        },
+        front:func()
+        {
+            if(begin!=nil)
+                return begin.elem;
+            return nil;
+        },
+        clear:func()
+        {
+            begin=end=nil;
+        },
+        empty:func()
+        {
+            return begin==nil;
+        }
+    };
+}

stl/result.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+import("lib.nas");
+var ResultTrait={
+    Ok:func(val){
+        me.ok=val;
+        me.flag=0;
+        return me;
+    },
+    Err:func(info){
+        me.err=info;
+        me.flag=1;
+        return me;
+    },
+    unwrap:func(){
+        if(me.flag)
+            die("error: "~me.err);
+        return me.ok;
+    }
+};
+
+var Result=func(){
+    return{
+        ok:nil,
+        err:"",
+        flag:1,
+        parents:[ResultTrait]
+    };
+};

stl/sort.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# lib sort.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/4/2
+var sort=func(vec,left,right,cmp=func(a,b){return a<=b;})
+{
+    if(left>=right) return nil;
+    var (L,R,tmp)=(left,right,vec[left]);
+    while(left<right)
+    {
+        while(left<right and cmp(tmp,vec[right]))
+            right-=1;
+        while(left<right and cmp(vec[left],tmp))
+            left+=1;
+        if(left!=right)
+            (vec[left],vec[right])=(vec[right],vec[left]);
+    }
+    (vec[L],vec[left])=(vec[left],tmp);
+    sort(vec,L,left-1,cmp);
+    sort(vec,left+1,R,cmp);
+    return nil;
+}

stl/stack.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# lib stack.nas
+# valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
+var stack=func()
+{
+    var next=nil;
+    return
+    {
+        push:func(elem)
+        {
+            next={elem:elem,next:next};
+            return;
+        },
+        pop:func()
+        {
+            var tmp=next;
+            if(tmp!=nil)
+                next=tmp.next;
+            return;
+        },
+        top:func()
+        {
+            var tmp=next;
+            if(tmp!=nil)
+                return tmp.elem;
+            return nil;
+        },
+        clear:func()
+        {
+            next=nil;
+        },
+        empty:func()
+        {
+            return next==nil;
+        }
+    };
+}

test/ai.nas

@@ -1,332 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-var activate_function=
-{
-    sigmoid_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-x));
-    },
-    diffsigmoid_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t=func(x){return 1.0/(1.0+math.exp(-x));}(x);
-        return t*(1-t);
-    },
-    tanh_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t1=math.exp(x);
-        var t2=math.exp(-x);
-        return (t1-t2)/(t1+t2);
-    },
-    difftanh_func:func(x)
-    {
-        var t1=math.exp(x);
-        var t2=math.exp(-x);
-        var t=(t1-t2)/(t1+t2);
-        return 1-t*t;
-    },
-    relu_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return x>0? x:0;
-    },
-    diffrelu_func:func(x)
-    {
-        return x>0;
-    },
-    leaky_relu_func:func(k,x)
-    {
-        return x>0? x:k*x;
-    },
-    diffleaky_relu_func:func(k,x)
-    {
-        return x>0? 1:k;
-    }
-};
-
-var matrix=
-{
-    new:func(col,row)
-    {
-        var new_mat=
-        {
-            col:col,
-            row:row,
-            mat:[]
-        };
-        for(var i=0;i<row;i+=1)
-        {
-            append(new_mat.mat,[]);
-            for(var j=0;j<col;j+=1)
-                append(new_mat.mat[i],nil);
-        }
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    srand:func(x)
-    {
-        rand(x);
-        return nil;
-    },
-    rand_init:func(mat)
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<mat.col;j+=1)
-            {
-                if(rand()>0.5)
-                    mat.mat[i][j]=-rand();
-                else
-                    mat.mat[i][j]=rand();
-            }
-        return;
-    },
-    prt_mat:func(mat)
-    {
-        var prt_s='[\n';
-        foreach(var i;mat.mat)
-        {
-            var s='[';
-            foreach(var j;i)
-                s~=(j~',');
-            s~='],\n';
-            prt_s~=s;
-        }
-        prt_s~=']';
-        print(prt_s);
-        return nil;
-    },
-    mult_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-mult] mat1\'s col does not match mat2\'s row.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat2.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-            {
-                var sum=0;
-                for(var k=0;k<mat1.col;k+=1)
-                    sum+=mat1.mat[i][k]*mat2.mat[k][j];
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=sum;
-            }
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    add_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-add] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]+mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    sub_mat:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-sub] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]-mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    hadamard:func(mat1,mat2)
-    {
-        if(mat1.col!=mat2.col or mat1.row!=mat2.row)
-        {
-            die("[error-hadamard] mat1\'s col or row does not match mat2\'s.");
-            return nil;
-        }
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat1.col,mat1.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat1.mat[i][j]*mat2.mat[i][j];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    transpose:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.row,mat.col);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=mat.mat[j][i];
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    sigmoid:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.sigmoid_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffsigmoid:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffsigmoid_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    tanh:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.tanh_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    difftanh:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.difftanh_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    relu:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.relu_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffrelu:func(mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffrelu_func(mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    leaky_relu:func(k,mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.leaky_relu_func(k,mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    },
-    diffleaky_relu:func(k,mat)
-    {
-        var new_mat=me.new(mat.col,mat.row);
-        for(var i=0;i<new_mat.row;i+=1)
-            for(var j=0;j<new_mat.col;j+=1)
-                new_mat.mat[i][j]=activate_function.diffleaky_relu_func(k,mat.mat[i][j]);
-        return new_mat;
-    }
-};
-
-var bp=
-{
-    inum:2,
-    hnum:4,
-    onum:1,
-    learning_rate:nil,
-    hidden_layer:nil,
-    hidden_res:nil,
-    output_layer:nil,
-    output_res:nil,
-    result:nil,
-    training_set:[],
-    expect_set:[],
-    init:func()
-    {
-        matrix.srand(time(0));
-        me.hidden_layer=matrix.new(me.hnum,me.inum);
-        matrix.rand_init(me.hidden_layer);
-        me.output_layer=matrix.new(me.onum,me.hnum);
-        matrix.rand_init(me.output_layer);
-        return;
-    },
-    set_learning_rate:func(lr)
-    {
-        me.learning_rate=matrix.new(me.onum,1);
-        for(var i=0;i<me.onum;i+=1)
-            me.learning_rate.mat[i][0]=lr;
-        return;
-    },
-    set_training_set:func()
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            append(me.training_set,matrix.new(me.inum,1));
-        me.training_set[0].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.training_set[0].mat[0][1]=0;
-        me.training_set[1].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.training_set[1].mat[0][1]=1;
-        me.training_set[2].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.training_set[2].mat[0][1]=0;
-        me.training_set[3].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.training_set[3].mat[0][1]=1;
-        return;
-    },
-    set_expect_set:func()
-    {
-        for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            append(me.expect_set,matrix.new(me.onum,1))
-        me.expect_set[0].mat[0][0]=0;
-        me.expect_set[1].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.expect_set[2].mat[0][0]=1;
-        me.expect_set[3].mat[0][0]=0;
-        return;
-    },
-    forward:func(i)
-    {
-        var tmp=nil;
-        me.hidden_res=matrix.mult_mat(me.training_set[i],me.hidden_layer);
-        tmp=matrix.sigmoid(me.hidden_res);
-        me.output_res=matrix.mult_mat(tmp,me.output_layer);
-        tmp=matrix.sigmoid(me.output_res);
-        me.result=tmp;
-        return;
-    },
-    backward:func(i)
-    {
-        var output_diff=matrix.sub_mat(me.expect_set[i],me.result);
-        output_diff=matrix.hadamard(output_diff,me.learning_rate);
-        output_diff=matrix.hadamard(output_diff,matrix.diffsigmoid(me.output_res));
-        output_diff=matrix.mult_mat(output_diff,matrix.transpose(me.output_layer));
-        matrix.prt_mat(output_diff);
-        var hidden_diff=matrix.mult_mat();
-        matrix.prt_mat(hidden_diff);
-
-        output_layer=matrix.add_mat(output_layer,output_diff);
-        var error=0;
-        foreach(var i;tmp.mat[0])
-            error+=i;
-        error*=0.5;
-        return error;
-    },
-    training_process:func()
-    {
-        var cnt=0;
-        var error=1e8;
-        while(error>0.01)
-        {
-            error=0;
-            for(var i=0;i<4;i+=1)
-            {
-                me.forward(i);
-                error+=me.backward(i);
-            }
-            print(error);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-};
-var main=func()
-{
-    bp.init();
-    bp.set_learning_rate(0.1);
-    bp.set_training_set();
-    bp.set_expect_set();
-    bp.training_process();
-    return nil;
-}
-
-main();

test/ascii-art.nas

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ var char_ttf=[
     ["    ████╗","   ██╔██║","  ██╔╝██║"," ███████║","██╔═══██║","╚═╝   ╚═╝"],
     ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██████╔╝","██╔══██╗","██████╔╝","╚═════╝ "],
     [" ██████╗","██╔════╝","██║     ","██║     ","╚██████╗"," ╚═════╝"],
-    ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██║  ██║","██║  ██║","██████╔╝","╚═════╝  "],
+    ["██████╗ ","██╔══██╗","██║  ██║","██║  ██║","██████╔╝","╚═════╝ "],
     ["███████╗","██╔════╝","█████╗  ","██╔══╝  ","███████╗","╚══════╝"],
     ["███████╗","██╔════╝","█████╗  ","██╔══╝  ","██║     ","╚═╝     "],
     [" █████╗ ","██╔═══╝ ","██║ ██╗ ","██║ ╚██╗","╚█████╔╝"," ╚════╝ "],
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ var curve1=func()
     var shadow=["░","▒","▓","█","▀","▄","▐","▌"];
     rand(100);
     var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
+    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
     {
-        for(var j=0;j<100;j+=1)
+        for(var j=0;j<40;j+=1)
             s~=shadow[int(8*rand())];
         s~='\n';
     }
@@ -66,28 +66,15 @@ var curve2=func()
     var table=["╚","═","╝","╔","║","╗"];
     rand(100);
     var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
+    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
     {
-        for(var j=0;j<100;j+=1)
+        for(var j=0;j<40;j+=1)
             s~=table[int(6*rand())];
         s~='\n';
     }
     print(s);
 }
 var curve3=func()
-{
-    var block=["░░","▒▒","▓▓","██","▀▀","▄▄","▄▀","▀▄","▐▐","▌▌"];
-    rand(100);
-    var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<25;i+=1)
-    {
-        for(var j=0;j<50;j+=1)
-            s~=block[int(10*rand())];
-        s~='\n';
-    }
-    print(s);
-}
-var curve4=func()
 {
     var s=["","","","","",""];
     var cnt=0;
@@ -108,12 +95,12 @@ var curve4=func()
     }
     return;
 }
-var curve5=func()
+var curve4=func()
 {
-    for(var loop=0;loop<100;loop+=1)
+    var arr=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
+    for(var loop=0;loop<10;loop+=1)
     {
-        var arr=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8];
-        for(var i=17;i>=0;i-=1)
+        for(var i=26;i>=0;i-=1)
         {
             var rand_index=int(i*rand());
             (arr[i],arr[rand_index])=(arr[rand_index],arr[i]);
@@ -128,9 +115,8 @@ var curve5=func()
     return;
 }
 trans_ttf("just for test");
-trans_ttf("ValKmjolnir");
+trans_ttf(" ValKmjolnir ");
 curve1();
 curve2();
 curve3();
-curve4();
-curve5();
+curve4();

test/auto_crash.nas

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
-# Road check and auto pilot(??) by ValKmjolnir
-
+# Road check and auto pilot by ValKmjolnir
+import("lib.nas");
+import("props.nas");
+var dt=0.01;
+var intergral=0;
+var derivative=0;
+var previous_error=0;
 var position_change = func(position_val,value){
     if(position_val+value>180)
         position_val += value-360;
@@ -10,12 +15,11 @@ var position_change = func(position_val,value){
     return position_val;
 }
 var road_check_func = func(){
-    
+
     var lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue();
     var lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue();
     var position_info = geodinfo(lat,lon);
     var position_names = position_info[1].names;
-    # the friction_factor of freeway runway and road is 1
 
     if((position_names[0]=="Freeway") or (position_names[0]=="Road"))
     {
@@ -24,14 +28,14 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
         var lon_change  = 0;
         var left_range  = 0;
         var right_range = 0;
-        
+
         for(var i=0;i>-0.00005;i-=0.000001)
         {
             car_heading = props.getNode("/orientation/heading-deg",1).getValue();
-            lat_change  = math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon_change  = -math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
+            lat_change  = math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon_change  = -math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
             var other_position_info = geodinfo(position_change(lat,i*lat_change),position_change(lon,i*lon_change));
             var other_names = other_position_info[1].names;
             if((other_names[0]=="Freeway") or (other_names[0]=="Road"))
@@ -42,10 +46,10 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
         for(var i=0;i<0.00005;i+=0.000001)
         {
             car_heading = props.getNode("/orientation/heading-deg",1).getValue();
-            lat_change  = math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon_change  = -math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(math.pi*car_heading/180);
-            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(math.pi*car_heading/180);
+            lat_change  = math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon_change  = -math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lat = props.getNode("/position/latitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.cos(D2R*car_heading);
+            lon = props.getNode("/position/longitude-deg",1).getValue()+0.0001*math.sin(D2R*car_heading);
             var other_position_info = geodinfo(position_change(lat,i*lat_change),position_change(lon,i*lon_change));
             var other_names = other_position_info[1].names;
             if((other_names[0]=="Freeway") or (other_names[0]=="Road"))
@@ -53,25 +57,26 @@ var road_check_func = func(){
             else
                 break;
         }
-        #if(left_range>right_range)
-        #{
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",-(right_range-left_range)*(right_range-left_range)/10000);
-        #    print("right ",right_range);
-        #}
-        #else if(left_range<right_range)
-        #{
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",(right_range-left_range)*(right_range-left_range)/10000);
-        #    print("left ",left_range);
-        #}
-        #else
-        #    setprop("/controls/flight/rudder",0);
-        props.getNode("/controls/flight/rudder",1).setValue((right_range-left_range)/200);
+        var error=right_range-left_range;
+        intergral+=error*dt;
+        derivative=(error-previous_error)/dt;
+        var (Kp,Ki,Kd)=(1/900,0.05,0.005);
+        # print("change p ",Kp*error*error,' i ',Ki*intergral,' d ',Kd*derivative);
+        if(error<0)
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",-Kp*error*error+Ki*intergral+Kd*derivative);
+        else if(error>0)
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",Kp*error*error+Ki*intergral+Kd*derivative);
+        else
+            props.getNode("/", 1).setValue("/controls/flight/rudder",0);
+        previous_error=error;
     }
 };
-var road_check_timer = maketimer(0.1,road_check_func);
+
+var road_check_timer = maketimer(0.01,road_check_func);
 var toggle_auto_pilot = func(){
     if(!road_check_timer.isRunning)
     {
+        intergral=0;
         road_check_timer.start();
         props.getNode("/sim/messages/copilot",1).setValue("ze dong sheng teaan see tong yee tse yung. Auto Sheng Teaan System Activated!");
     }
@@ -80,4 +85,4 @@ var toggle_auto_pilot = func(){
         road_check_timer.stop();
         props.getNode("/sim/messages/copilot",1).setValue("ze dong sheng teaan see tong yee guan bee. Auto Sheng Teaan System is off.");
     }
-}
+}

test/bf.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var mandelbrot=
+"[A mandelbrot set fractal viewer in brainf*** written by Erik Bosman]
++++++++++++++[->++>>>+++++>++>+<<<<<<]>>>>>++++++>--->>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-]>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+
+<<<<<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+[>>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-]>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>
+>>>>>[-]+<<<<<<++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<+++++++[-[->>>
+>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[
+>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[
+-<<+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>
+>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+
+<<<<<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<
++>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<
+<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->
+>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<[->+>>>-<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++++++
++++++++>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>[<<<<<<<+<[-<+>>>>+<<[-]]>[-<<[->+>>>-
+<<<<]>>>]>>>>>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-<<<<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-
+]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+>>]<
+<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>
+>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>
+[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>
+]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>++++++++
++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[
+-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>>]>[-<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>]<[->+<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>[-]<<<<<<+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<
+[->>>>->>>>>[>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]
++>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<
+<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>>+<<<<]>]<[->>>>-<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>>+<<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>+<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
++>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<<<<<<
+<<<<<]]>[-]>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<
+<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[
+[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>
+[-<<+>>]<<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<
+<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[
+>[-]<->>>[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[
+>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<
+<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<
+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-
+<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>>>
+[-<<<->>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>[-<<
++>>]<]>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<<<]>>[-<+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>
+[-<<+>>]<<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[-<+>]>]<[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>
+>>>>>>>]<<]>>>[-<<+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[-<+>]<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>+<<<<<
+]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>
+>]>>[-<<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>>]<<[->>+<<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<
+<<<]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>->>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<
+<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<
+<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<
+<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+
+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]>]<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>+<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>
+>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[
+->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>
+>>]<<<<[->>>>+>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<
+<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<+
+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>
+]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<
+<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<+>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+
+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<<<<]
+>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<
+]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<
+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>->>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>]<<+>>>>[-<<<<
+->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<.>>]>>>>[-<<<<<<<.>>>>>>>]<<<[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>[
+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>+++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+[-]>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-]+>>>]<<<<
+<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+>>[>+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]<<<<[->>>
+>+<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<+<<<<<<<[>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<
++<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>-<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>->>[>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]+<<<<<[->>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<
+<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>-<<[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<
+<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>-<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]]>>>]<<<<.>>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<
+<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+[-]>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+>>]<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+>[>+>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>
+>>]<+<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<-
+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>-<<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>->[>>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>
++>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<<->>>>>>]+<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>
+-<<[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<++++
++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>-<<<<<<[<<<<
+<<<<<]]>>>]";
+
+var paper=[];
+var (ptr,pc)=(0,0);
+var (code,inum,stack)=(nil,nil,nil);
+var (add,mov,jt,jf,in,out)=(0,1,2,3,4,5);
+var func_table=[
+    func paper[ptr]+=inum[pc],
+    func ptr+=inum[pc],
+    func if(paper[ptr])pc=inum[pc],
+    func if(!paper[ptr])pc=inum[pc],
+    func paper[ptr]=input()[0],
+    func print(chr(paper[ptr]))
+];
+
+var bf=func(program)
+{
+    setsize(paper,131072);
+    (ptr,code,inum,stack)=(0,[],[],[]);
+    var len=size(program);
+
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+    {
+        var c=chr(program[i]);
+        if(c=='+' or c=='-')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[add]);
+            append(inum,0);
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='+')
+                    inum[-1]+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='-')
+                    inum[-1]-=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])!='\n')
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        elsif(c=='<' or c=='>')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[mov]);
+            append(inum,0);
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='>')
+                    inum[-1]+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='<')
+                    inum[-1]-=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])!='\n')
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        elsif(c==',')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[in]);
+            append(inum,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c=='.')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[out]);
+            append(inum,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c=='[')
+        {
+            append(code,func_table[jf]);
+            append(inum,0);
+            append(stack,size(code)-1);
+        }
+        elsif(c==']')
+        {
+            if(!size(stack))
+                die("lack [");
+            var label=pop(stack);
+            append(code,func_table[jt]);
+            append(inum,label-1);
+            inum[label]=size(code)-2;
+        }
+    }
+    if(size(stack))
+    {
+        die("lack ]");
+        return;
+    }
+    len=size(code);
+    for(pc=0;pc<len;pc+=1)
+        code[pc]();
+    return;
+}
+
+bf(mandelbrot);

test/bfconvertor.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var mandelbrot=
+"[A mandelbrot set fractal viewer in brainf*** written by Erik Bosman]
++++++++++++++[->++>>>+++++>++>+<<<<<<]>>>>>++++++>--->>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-]>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+
+<<<<<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+[>>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-]>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>
+>>>>>[-]+<<<<<<++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<+++++++[-[->>>
+>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[
+>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[
+>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[
+-<<+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>
+>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+
+<<<<<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<
++>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<
+<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->
+>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<[->+>>>-<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++++++
++++++++>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>[<<<<<<<+<[-<+>>>>+<<[-]]>[-<<[->+>>>-
+<<<<]>>>]>>>>>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>>>>>>[>>>>>
+[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-<<<<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-
+]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+>>]<
+<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>
+>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>
+[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>+>>>>>>>>
+]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>++++++++
++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[
+-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>>]>[-<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<
+<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>]<[->+<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>[-]<<<<<<+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<
+[->>>>->>>>>[>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]
++>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<
+<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<
+<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<
+<<<<<+<[>[->>>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>>+<<<<]>]<[->>>>-<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>>+<<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>+<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[>[->>>>>+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]<]>[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
++>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>>+<<<]<<<<<<<
+<<<<<]]>[-]>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<
+<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[
+[>>>>>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>
+[-<<+>>]<<[->>+>+<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<
+<[>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[
+>[-]<->>>[-<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>]<<[->>+<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[
+>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<
+<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<
+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-
+<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>>>
+[-<<<->>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>[-<<
++>>]<]>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<<<]>>[-<+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>
+[-<<+>>]<<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->+>>[-<<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[-<+>]>]<[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>
+>>>>>>>]<<]>>>[-<<+>[-<-<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[-<+>]<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>+<<<<<
+]>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>+>[-<-<<<<+>>>>
+>]>>[-<<<<<<<[->>>>>+<++<<<<]>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<->+>>]<<[->>+<<]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<
+<<<]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>->>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>-<[-<<+>>]<<[->>+<<
+<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>[-<<->>]+<<[->>->[-<<<+>>>]<
+<<[->>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<
+<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>>>>>>[>+>[-<->]<[->+
+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>[->>>+<<<]>]<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]<]>>[->>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>]>]<[->>>+<<<
+]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]]>>>>[-<<<<+>
+>>>]<<<<[->>>>+>>>>>[>+>>[-<<->>]<<[->>+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<+<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-
+<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[
+->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>[-]<<<<]>>>>[-<<<<+>>
+>>]<<<<[->>>>+>[-]>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<+<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[->>>>+<<<[->>>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>[->>+<<]<]>[->>-<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<<]>[->>>+<<[->>-<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>]<]>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<
+<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>[-]>[-]>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]>[-]>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<+
+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>
+]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<+<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>
+>>>>>]+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+[>+>>
+>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<[->>[-<<+
+>>]<<[->>+>>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>
+[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<]>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-
+]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>
+[>+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>->>>>>[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<
+<<[->>>[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+>+<<<<]+>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<<<<<<<<<<]>>[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]<<+>>>
+>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>[-<<<<+>[<->-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<[->+<]>>>>]<<<[->>>+<<<]<+
+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>[-<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>+++++++++++++++[[>>>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<<<-<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>-]+>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<[<<<<<<<<<]
+>>>>>>>>>[>>>[-<<<->>>]+<<<[->>>->[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<
+]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<[-<<<+>>>]<<<[->>>+<
+<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>
+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>->>[-<<<<+>>>>]<<<<[->>>>+<<[-]<<]>>]<<+>>>>[-<<<<
+->>>>]+<<<<[->>>>-<<<<<<.>>]>>>>[-<<<<<<<.>>>>>>>]<<<[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>[
+>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<
+[<<<<<<<<<]>+++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<
+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+[-]>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>[-]+>>>]<<<<
+<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+>>[>+>>>>[-<<<<->>>>]<<<<[->>>
+>+<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<+<<<<<<<[>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<
+<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<
++<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>-<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>->>[>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<<+>>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>+<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]+<<<<<[->>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>]<<<<
+<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>[-<
+<<<<<<->>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>-<<[-<<<<<+>>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<
+<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<
+<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>-<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]]>>>]<<<<.>>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>++++++++++[-[->>>>>>>>
+>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>+>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<
+<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+[-]>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<+>>>>>>
+>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>[-]+>>]<<<<<<<<<<]]>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<
+<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+>[>+>>>>>[-<<<<<->>>>>]<<<<<[->>>>>+<<<<<]>>>>>>
+>>]<+<<<<<<<<[>>>>>>[->>+<<]<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<-
+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<
+<<<]>>>>>>>>-<<<<<[-]+<<<]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>->[>>>
+>>>[->>+<<]>>>]<<<<<<<<<[>[-]<->>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<+>[<->-<<+>>]<[->+<]>>>>>>>>]<<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>>+<<<<<<<]<+<<<<<<<<<]>+++++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>
++>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>[>>>>>>[-<<<<<<->>>>>>]+<
+<<<<<[->>>>>>->>[-<<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<
+<<]>>>>[-]+>>>>>[>>>>>>>>>]>+<]]+>>>>>>>>[-<<<<<<<<->>>>>>>>]+<<<<<<<<[->>>>>>>>
+-<<[-<<<<<<+>>>>>>]<<<<<<[->>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>[-]+>>>>>>[>>>>>>
+>>>]>[-]+<]]+>[-<[>>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>]<<<<<<<<<[<<<<<<<<<]>>>>[-]<<<++++
++[-[->>>>>>>>>+<<<<<<<<<]>>>>>>>>>]>>>>>->>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>-<<<<<<[<<<<
+<<<<<]]>>>]";
+
+var bf=func(program)
+{
+    var stack=[];
+    var len=size(program);
+    var f="import('lib.nas');\nvar ptr=0;\nvar paper=[];\nsetsize(paper,131072);\n";
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+    {
+        var c=chr(program[i]);
+        if(c=='+' or c=='-')
+        {
+            var cnt=0;
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='+')
+                    cnt+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='-')
+                    cnt-=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])!='\n')
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if(cnt!=0)
+                for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                    f~='\t';
+            if(cnt>0)
+                f~="paper[ptr]+="~cnt~";\n";
+            elsif(cnt<0)
+                f~="paper[ptr]-="~(-cnt)~";\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='<' or c=='>')
+        {
+            var cnt=0;
+            for(;i<len;i+=1)
+            {
+                if(chr(program[i])=='>')
+                    cnt+=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])=='<')
+                    cnt-=1;
+                elsif(chr(program[i])!='\n')
+                {
+                    i-=1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if(cnt!=0)
+                for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                    f~='\t';
+            if(cnt>0)
+                f~="ptr+="~cnt~";\n";
+            elsif(cnt<0)
+                f~="ptr-="~(-cnt)~";\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c==',')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="paper[ptr]=input();\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='.')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="print(chr(paper[ptr]));\n";
+        }
+        elsif(c=='[')
+        {
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="while(paper[ptr])\n";
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="{\n";
+            append(stack,0);
+        }
+        elsif(c==']')
+        {
+            if(!size(stack))
+            {
+                println("lack [");
+                return;
+            }
+            pop(stack);
+            for(var j=0;j<size(stack);j+=1)
+                f~='\t';
+            f~="}\n";
+        }
+    }
+    if(size(stack))
+    {
+        println("lack ]");
+        return;
+    }
+    io.fout("mandel.nas",f);
+    return;
+}
+
+bf(mandelbrot);

test/bfs.nas

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-import("queue.nas");
+import("stl/lib.nas");
+import("stl/queue.nas");
 
 rand(time(0));
 
+var pixel=[' ','#','.','*'];
 var map=[];
 for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
 {
@@ -17,35 +18,37 @@ var prt=func()
     for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
     {
         for(var j=0;j<10;j+=1)
-            s~=map[i][j];
+            s~=pixel[map[i][j]];
         s~='\n';
     }
-    print(s,'\n');
+    s~='----------\n';
+    print(s);
 }
 
 var bfs=func(begin,end)
 {
     var move=[[1,0],[0,1],[-1,0],[0,-1]];
-    var queue=new_queue();
-    queue_push(queue,begin);
-    map[begin[0]][begin[1]]=3;
-    while(!queue_empty(queue))
+    var que=queue();
+    que.push(begin);
+    map[begin[0]][begin[1]]=2;
+    while(!que.empty())
     {
-        var vertex=queue_front(queue);
-        queue_pop(queue);
+        var vertex=que.front();
+        que.pop();
         foreach(var i;move)
         {
             var x=vertex[0]+i[0];
             var y=vertex[1]+i[1];
             if(x==end[0] and y==end[1])
             {
-                map[x][y]='*';
+                map[x][y]=3;
+                prt();
                 return;
             }
             if(0<=x and x<10 and 0<=y and y<10 and map[x][y]==0)
             {
-                queue_push(queue,[x,y]);
-                map[x][y]=3;
+                que.push([x,y]);
+                map[x][y]=2;
             }
         }
         prt();
@@ -54,8 +57,4 @@ var bfs=func(begin,end)
     return;
 }
 
-prt();
-var begin=[input(),input()];
-var end=[input(),input()];
-bfs(begin,end);
-prt();
+bfs([0,0],[9,9]);

test/bigloop.nas

@@ -1 +1 @@
-for(var i=0;i<4000000;i+=1);
+for(var i=0;i<4e6;i+=1);

test/bp.nas

@@ -4,14 +4,13 @@ rand(time(0));
 
 var new_neuron=func()
 {
-    var neuron={
+    return {
         in:0,
         out:0,
         w:[],
         bia:0,
         diff:0
     };
-    return neuron;
 }
 
 var sigmoid=func(x)
@@ -24,12 +23,9 @@ var diffsigmoid=func(x)
     return x*(1-x);
 }
 
-var inum=2;
-var hnum=4;
-var onum=1;
-var lr=0.1;
+var (inum,hnum,onum,lr)=(2,4,1,0.1);
 var training_set=[[0,0],[0,1],[1,0],[1,1]];
-var expect=[[0],[1],[1],[0]];
+var expect=[0,1,1,0];
 
 var hidden=[];
 for(var i=0;i<hnum;i+=1)
@@ -89,19 +85,12 @@ var run=func(vec)
 }
 var get_error=func(x)
 {
-    var error=0;
-    var expect_set=expect[x];
-    for(var i=0;i<onum;i+=1)
-        error+=(expect_set[i]-output[i].out)*(expect_set[i]-output[i].out);
-    error*=0.5;
-    return error;
+    return 0.5*(expect[x]-output[0].out)*(expect[x]-output[0].out);
 }
 var backward=func(x)
 {
     var input=training_set[x];
-    var expect_set=expect[x];
-    for(var i=0;i<onum;i+=1)
-        output[i].diff=(expect_set[i]-output[i].out)*diffsigmoid(output[i].in);
+    output[0].diff=(expect[x]-output[0].out)*diffsigmoid(output[0].in);
     for(var i=0;i<hnum;i+=1)
     {
         hidden[i].diff=0;
@@ -124,9 +113,7 @@ var backward=func(x)
     return;
 }
 
-var cnt=0;
-var show=0;
-var error=1e8;
+var (cnt,error)=(0,100);
 while(error>0.0005)
 {
     error=0;
@@ -137,21 +124,9 @@ while(error>0.0005)
         backward(i);
     }
     cnt+=1;
-    show+=1;
-    if(show==200)
-    {
-        show=0;
-        print('epoch ',cnt,':',error,'\r');
-    }
 }
 print('finished after ',cnt,' epoch.\n');
-var vec=[
-    [0,0],
-    [0,1],
-    [1,0],
-    [1,1]
-];
-foreach(var v;vec)
+foreach(var v;training_set)
 {
     run(v);
     print(v,': ',output[0].out,'\n');

test/calc.nas

@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
 import("lib.nas");
+var filename=["main.cpp","nasal_ast.h","nasal_builtin.h","nasal_codegen.h","nasal_gc.h","nasal_import.h","nasal_lexer.h","nasal_parse.h","nasal_vm.h","nasal.h"];
+var space=["       ","    ","","","     "," ","  ","  ","     ","        "];
+var enter_cnt=func(s)
+{
+    var (cnt,len,enter)=(0,size(s),'\n'[0]);
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+        cnt+=(s[i]==enter);
+    return cnt;
+}
+var semic_cnt=func(s)
+{
+    var (cnt,len,semi)=(0,size(s),';'[0]);
+    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
+        cnt+=(s[i]==semi);
+    return cnt;
+}
 func(){
-    var filename=[
-        "main.cpp",
-        "nasal_ast.h",
-        "nasal_builtin.h",
-        "nasal_codegen.h",
-        "nasal_gc.h",
-        "nasal_import.h",
-        "nasal_lexer.h",
-        "nasal_parse.h",
-        "nasal_vm.h",
-        "nasal.h"
-    ];
-    var max_size=size('nasal_codegen.h');
-    var (cnt,semi)=[0,0];
-    foreach(var file;filename)
+    var (bytes,line,semi)=(0,0,0);
+    forindex(var i;filename)
     {
-        var s=io.fin(file);
-        var name=file;
-        for(var i=size(name);i<max_size;i+=1)
-            name~=' ';
-        var line_cnt=size(split('\n',s));
-        var semi_cnt=size(split(';' ,s))-1;
-        println(name,'| ',line_cnt,' \tline | ',semi_cnt,' \tsemi');
-        cnt +=line_cnt;
+        var s=io.fin(filename[i]);
+        bytes+=size(s);
+        var line_cnt=enter_cnt(s);
+        var semi_cnt=semic_cnt(s);
+        println(filename[i],space[i],'| ',line_cnt,' \tline | ',semi_cnt,' \tsemi');
+        line+=line_cnt;
         semi+=semi_cnt;
     }
-    println('total: ',cnt,' line | ',semi,' semi');
+    println('total:         | ',line,' \tline | ',semi,' \tsemi');
+    println('bytes:         | ',bytes,' bytes| ',int(bytes/1024),' \tkb');
 }();

test/call_ide.nas

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-id[0] and id[1];
-1 or 2;
-"str" ==1;
-1*1/1+1;
-2*3*4/1-2+3;
-1-1+20-2*10;
-1+s1*(s2+s3[0])-1;
-var e=1+s1*(s2+s3[0])-1;
-id;
-"str";
-id(id);
-id("str",1,1);
-var e=1;
-var x=10*2-20;
-var id;
-var id=[1,2,3,4];
-var id={id:"str"};
-id();
-id.id();
-id.id.id();
-id[0].id.id(id,"str",1,2,3,4).id[10];
-id(0)[1].id;
-var hash={
-   h:"hello",
-   parent:[id],
-};
-function_test([1,2,3,4,55],1,2,3,{str:"str"});
-var (i,j,k,l,m,n) =[1,2,3,4,5,6];
-(var i,j,k)=[1,2,3];
-e=e[1:][0];

test/choice.nas

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-
+import("lib.nas");
 var condition_true=1;
 var condition_false=0;
 if(condition_true)

test/class.nas

@@ -1,19 +1,68 @@
 import("lib.nas");
 
-var student=
+var student=func(name,age)
 {
-    new:func(name,age)
-    {
-        return {
-            parents:[student],
-            name:name,
-            age:age
-        };
-    },
-    print_info:func(){println(me.name,' ',me.age);},
-    get_age:func(){return me.age;},
-    get_name:func(){return me.name;}
-};
-var s=student.new('tiansuohaoer',24);
+    var (n,a)=(name,age);
+    return {
+        print_info:func println(n,' ',a),
+        set_age:   func(age) a=age,
+        get_age:   func return a,
+        set_name:  func(name) n=name,
+        get_name:  func return n
+    };
+}
+var s=student('valk',24);
 s.print_info();
-println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+s.set_age(20);
+s.set_name('aluo');
+s.print_info();
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+s.set_age(20);
+s.set_name('Sidi Liang');
+s.print_info();
+println(s.get_age(),' ',s.get_name());
+# flightgear nasal-console cannot use this kind of object initializing
+var m=func(){
+    var (_1,_2)=(0,1);
+    return {
+        a:func(){
+            print(_1,' ',_2,'\n');
+        },
+        b:func(x){
+            _1=x;
+        },
+        c:func(x){
+            _2=x;
+        },
+        d:func(x){
+            return func{
+                print(_1,' ',_2,' ',x,'\n');
+            };
+        },
+        g:func(x){
+            var y=x;
+            return func{
+                print(_1,' ',_2,' ',x,' ',y,'\n');
+            }
+        },
+        h:func(){
+            return func(x){
+                _1=x;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}();
+
+m.a(); # 0 1
+m.b(2048);
+m.c(1024);
+var a=m.d(-1);
+var b=m.g(1);
+a(); # 2048 1024 -1
+b(); # 2048 1024 1 1
+
+m.h()(2147483647);
+m.a();
+# flightgear-nasal-console: 2147483647 1024
+# nasal-interpreter 2048 1024

test/exception.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var ResultTrait={
+    Ok:func(val){
+        me.ok=val;
+        me.flag=0;
+        return me;
+    },
+    Err:func(info){
+        me.err=info;
+        me.flag=1;
+        return me;
+    },
+    unwrap:func(){
+        if(me.flag)
+            die("error: "~me.err);
+        return me.ok;
+    }
+};
+
+var Result=func(){
+    return{
+        ok:nil,
+        err:"",
+        flag:1,
+        parents:[ResultTrait]
+    };
+};
+
+var a=func(){
+    return Result().Ok("hello world");
+}
+
+var b=func(){
+    return Result().Err("unknown");
+}
+
+println(a().unwrap());
+b().unwrap();

test/fib.nas

@@ -1,27 +1,9 @@
-var print=func(elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
-};
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
-}
+import("lib.nas");
 var fib=func(x)
 {
 	if(x<2) return x;
 	return fib(x-1)+fib(x-2);
 }
-print(fib(30),'\n');
-
-var m=[0,1,1,2,3,5,8];
-setsize(m,101);
-var fib=func(n)
-{
-    if(m[n]!=nil) return m[n];
-    var t=fib(n-1)+fib(n-2);
-    m[n]=t;
-    return t;
-}
-print(fib(100),'\n');
+for(var i=0;i<31;i+=1)
+	print(fib(i),'\n');
+    

test/hexdump.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# hexdump.nas by ValKmjolnir
+# 2021/8/13
+
+import("lib.nas");
+
+# init
+var hex_num=[
+    '0','1','2','3',
+    '4','5','6','7',
+    '8','9','a','b',
+    'c','d','e','f'
+];
+var hex=[];
+foreach(var i;hex_num)
+    foreach(var j;hex_num)
+        append(hex,i~j);
+
+# read file
+var s=func()
+{
+    var filename=[
+        "nasal.h",
+        "main.cpp",
+        "nasal_ast.h",
+        "nasal_builtin.h",
+        "nasal_codegen.h",
+        "nasal_gc.h",
+        "nasal_import.h",
+        "nasal_lexer.h",
+        "nasal_parse.h",
+        "nasal_vm.h",
+    ];
+    var ret="";
+    foreach(var elem;filename)
+        ret~=io.fin(elem);
+    return ret;
+}();
+
+# used to change line and control the spaces
+var cnt=0;
+
+# used to print hex index
+var hex_index=[0,0,0,0];
+
+# print binary in text format
+var textprint=func(index)
+{
+    print(' |');
+    for(var i=index-cnt;i<index;i+=1)
+        print((0<=s[i] and s[i]<32)?'.':chr(s[i]));
+    for(var i=cnt;i<16;i+=1)
+        print('.');
+    print('|\n');
+}
+
+# print index
+var indexprint=func(index)
+{
+    forindex(var i;hex_index)
+    {
+        hex_index[i]=index-int(index/256)*256;
+        index=int(index/256);
+    }
+    for(var i=3;i>=0;i-=1)
+        print(hex[hex_index[i]]);
+    print('  ');
+    return;
+}
+
+# main
+func()
+{
+    indexprint(0);
+    for(var i=0;i<size(s);i+=1)
+    {
+        if(cnt==16){
+            textprint(i);
+            cnt=0;
+            indexprint(i);
+        }elsif(cnt==8){
+            print(' ');
+        }
+        cnt+=1;
+        print(hex[s[i]],' ');
+    }
+    for(var l=cnt;l<16;l+=1)
+        print('   ');
+    if(cnt<=8)
+        print(' ');
+    textprint(i);
+}();

test/json.nas

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #lib json.nas
+import("lib.nas");
 var json={
     text:'',
     line:1,

test/leetcode1319.nas

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import("lib.nas");
-# 并查集
+# union set
 var n=4;
 var input=[[0,1],[0,2],[1,2]];
 
@@ -23,10 +23,10 @@ var makeConnect=func(n,connections)
     var cnt=n-1;
     var parent=[];
     setsize(parent,n);
-    for(var i=0;i<size(connections);i+=1)
-        if(union_root(connections[i][0],connections[i][1],parent))
+    foreach(var i;connections)
+        if(union_root(i[0],i[1],parent))
             cnt-=1;
     return cnt;
 }
 
-print(makeConnect(n,input));
+println(makeConnect(n,input));

test/lexer.nas

@@ -1,182 +1,193 @@
 import("lib.nas");
 
-var s=split('',io.fin(input()));
-var len=size(s);
-var ptr=0;
-
-var jump_note=func()
+var lexer=func(file)
 {
-    while(ptr<len and s[ptr]!='\n')
-        ptr+=1;
-    ptr+=1;
-    return;
-}
-
-var generate_id=func()
-{
-    var tmp="";
-    while(ptr<len)
+    var (ptr,token)=(0,[]);
+    var s=io.fin(file);
+    var len=size(s);
+    return
     {
-        if('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='z'
-        or 'A'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='Z'
-        or s[ptr]=='_'
-        or '0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9')
-            tmp~=s[ptr];
-        else
-            break;
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    return tmp;
-}
-
-var generate_str=func()
-{
-    var tok_str="";
-    var mark=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    while(ptr<len and s[ptr]!=mark)
-    {
-        if(s[ptr]=='\\')
+        jmp_note:func()
         {
+            while(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])!='\n')
+                ptr+=1;
             ptr+=1;
-            if(s[ptr]=='a') tok_str~='\a';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='b') tok_str~='\b';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='f') tok_str~='\f';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='n') tok_str~='\n';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='r') tok_str~='\r';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='t') tok_str~='\t';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='v') tok_str~='\v';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='?') tok_str~='?';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='0') tok_str~='\0';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\\') tok_str~='\\';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\'') tok_str~='\'';
-            elsif(s[ptr]=='\"') tok_str~='\"';
-            else tok_str~=s[ptr];
-        }
-        else
-            tok_str~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(ptr>=len)
-        print("read eof when generating string.\n");
-    ptr+=1;
-    return tok_str;
-}
-
-var generate_number=func()
-{
-    var number=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    if(s[ptr]=='x')
-    {
-        ptr+=1;
-        while(ptr<len and ('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='f' or '0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
+        },
+        id_gen:func()
         {
-            number~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return num(number);
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='o')
-    {
-        ptr+=1;
-        while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='7'))
-        {
-            number~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return num(number);
-    }
-
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(s[ptr]=='.')
-        number~=s[ptr];
-    else
-        return num(number);
-    ptr+=1;
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    if(s[ptr]=='e' or s[ptr]=='E')
-        number~=s[ptr];
-    else
-        return num(number);
-    ptr+=1;
-    if(s[ptr]=='-' or s[ptr]=='+')
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    while(ptr<len and ('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'))
-    {
-        number~=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-    }
-    return num(number);
-}
-
-var generate_operator=func()
-{
-    var tmp="";
-    if(s[ptr]=='+' or s[ptr]=='-' or s[ptr]=='~' or s[ptr]=='/' or s[ptr]=='*' or s[ptr]=='>' or s[ptr]=='<' or s[ptr]=='!' or s[ptr]=='=')
-    {
-        tmp=s[ptr];
-        ptr+=1;
-        if(ptr<len and s[ptr]=='=')
-        {
-            tmp~=s[ptr];
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return tmp;
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='.')
-    {
-        if(ptr+2<len and s[ptr+1]=='.' and s[ptr+2]=='.')
-        {
-            tmp='...';
-            ptr+=3;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            tmp='.';
-            ptr+=1;
-        }
-        return tmp;
-    }
-    elsif(s[ptr]!=' ' and s[ptr]!='\t' and s[ptr]!='\n' and s[ptr]!='\r' and s[ptr][0]>0)
-        tmp=s[ptr];
-    ptr+=1;
-    return tmp;
-}
-var cnt=0;
-var token=[];
-while(ptr<len)
-{
-    if(s[ptr]=='#')
-        jump_note();
-    elsif('a'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='z' or 'A'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='Z' or s[ptr]=='_')
-        append(token,generate_id());
-    elsif(s[ptr]=='\'' or s[ptr]=='\"')
-        append(token,generate_str());
-    elsif('0'<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9')
-        append(token,generate_number());
-    else
-    {
-        var tmp=generate_operator();
-        if(size(tmp))
+            var tmp="";
+            while(ptr<len)
+            {
+                var c=s[ptr];
+                if(('a'[0]<=c and c<='z'[0])
+                or ('A'[0]<=c and c<='Z'[0])
+                or ('0'[0]<=c and c<='9'[0])
+                or c=='_'[0])
+                    tmp~=chr(c);
+                else
+                    break;
+                ptr+=1;
+            }
             append(token,tmp);
-    }
-    if(ptr>=len)
-        break;
+        },
+        str_gen:func()
+        {
+            var str="";
+            var mark=chr(s[ptr]);
+            ptr+=1;
+            while(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])!=mark)
+            {
+                if(chr(s[ptr])=='\\')
+                {
+                    ptr+=1;
+                    var c=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    if   (c=='a' ) str~='\a';
+                    elsif(c=='b' ) str~='\b';
+                    elsif(c=='f' ) str~='\f';
+                    elsif(c=='n' ) str~='\n';
+                    elsif(c=='r' ) str~='\r';
+                    elsif(c=='t' ) str~='\t';
+                    elsif(c=='v' ) str~='\v';
+                    elsif(c=='?' ) str~='\?';
+                    elsif(c=='0' ) str~='\0';
+                    elsif(c=='\\') str~='\\';
+                    elsif(c=='\'') str~='\'';
+                    elsif(c=='\"') str~='\"';
+                    else           str~=c;
+                }
+                else
+                    str~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                ptr+=1;
+            }
+            if(ptr>=len)
+                print("read eof when generating string.\n");
+            ptr+=1;
+            append(token,str);
+        },
+        num_gen:func()
+        {
+            var number=chr(s[ptr]);
+            ptr+=1;
+            if(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])=='x')
+            {
+                ptr+=1;
+                while(ptr<len and
+                ('a'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='f'[0]
+                or '0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(token,num(number));
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])=='o')
+            {
+                ptr+=1;
+                while(ptr<len and ('0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='7'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(token,num(number));
+                return;
+            }
+            while(ptr<len and ('0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'[0]))
+            {
+                number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                ptr+=1;
+            }
+            if(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])=='.')
+            {
+                number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                ptr+=1;
+                while(ptr<len and ('0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+            }
+            if(chr(s[ptr])=='e' or chr(s[ptr])=='E')
+            {
+                number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                ptr+=1;
+                if(chr(s[ptr])=='-' or chr(s[ptr])=='+')
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                while(ptr<len and ('0'[0]<=s[ptr] and s[ptr]<='9'[0]))
+                {
+                    number~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+            }
+            var last_c=chr(number[-1]);
+            if(last_c=='.' or last_c=='e' or last_c=='E' or last_c=='-' or last_c=='+')
+                println("error number: ",number);
+            append(token,num(number));
+        },
+        opr_gen:func()
+        {
+            var c=chr(s[ptr]);
+            if(c=='+' or c=='-' or c=='~' or c=='/' or c=='*' or c=='>' or c=='<' or c=='!' or c=='=')
+            {
+                var tmp=c;
+                ptr+=1;
+                if(ptr<len and chr(s[ptr])=='=')
+                {
+                    tmp~=chr(s[ptr]);
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                append(token,tmp);
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(c=='.')
+            {
+                if(ptr+2<len and chr(s[ptr+1])=='.' and chr(s[ptr+2])=='.')
+                {
+                    append(token,"...");
+                    ptr+=3;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    append(token,".");
+                    ptr+=1;
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+            elsif(c!=' ' and c!='\t' and c!='\n' and c!='\r' and s[ptr]>0)
+                append(token,c);
+            ptr+=1;
+            return;
+        },
+        main:func()
+        {
+            while(ptr<len)
+            {
+                var c=s[ptr];
+                if(c=='#'[0])
+                    me.jmp_note();
+                elsif('a'[0]<=c and c<='z'[0]
+                    or 'A'[0]<=c and c<='Z'[0]
+                    or c=='_'[0])
+                    me.id_gen();
+                elsif(c=='\''[0] or c=='\"'[0])
+                    me.str_gen();
+                elsif('0'[0]<=c and c<='9'[0])
+                    me.num_gen();
+                else
+                    me.opr_gen();
+            }
+            return;
+        },
+        get_token:func(){return token;}
+    };
 }
-foreach(var i;token)
-{
-    print("(",cnt," | ",i,")\n");
-    cnt+=1;
-}
+
+var nasal_lexer=lexer("test/lexer.nas");
+nasal_lexer.main();
+var info="";
+foreach(var tok;nasal_lexer.get_token())
+    info~=tok~' ';
+println(info);

test/lib.nas

@@ -1,157 +0,0 @@
-var import=func(filename)
-{
-    nasal_call_import(filename);
-    return nil;
-}
-var print=func(elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    return nil;
-};
-var println=func(elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_std_cout(elements);
-    print('\n');
-    return nil;
-}
-var append=func(vector,elements...)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_push_back(vector,elements);
-    return nil;
-}
-var setsize=func(vector,size)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_set_size(vector,size);
-    return nil;
-}
-var system=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_system(str);
-    return;
-}
-var input=func()
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_input();
-}
-var sleep=func(duration)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_sleep(duration);
-    return;
-}
-var split=func(delimeter,string)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_split(delimeter,string);
-}
-var rand=func(seed=nil)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_rand(seed);
-}
-var id=func(thing)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_id(thing);
-}
-var int=func(value)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_int(value);
-}
-var num=func(value)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_num(value);
-}
-var pop=func(vector)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_pop_back(vector);
-}
-var str=func(number)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_trans_str(number);
-}
-var size=func(object)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_size(object);
-}
-var contains=func(hash,key)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_contains(hash,key);
-}
-var delete=func(hash,key)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_delete(hash,key);
-    return;
-}
-var keys=func(hash)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_get_keys(hash);
-}
-var time=func(begin_time)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_time(begin_time);
-}
-var die=func(str)
-{
-    nasal_call_builtin_die(str);
-    return nil;
-}
-var typeof=func(object)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_type(object);
-}
-var substr=func(str,begin,length)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_substr(str,begin,length);
-}
-var streq=func(a,b)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_streq(a,b);
-}
-var left=func(string,length)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_left(string,length);
-}
-var right=func(string,length)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_right(string,length);
-}
-var cmp=func(a,b)
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_cmp(a,b);
-}
-var chr=func(code) #//Unlike in FG, this chr does not support Extended ASCII
-{
-    return nasal_call_builtin_chr(code);
-}
-
-var io=
-{
-    fin:func(filename)
-    {
-        return nasal_call_builtin_finput(filename);
-    },
-    fout:func(filename,str)
-    {
-        nasal_call_builtin_foutput(filename,str);
-        return;
-    }
-};
-
-var bits=
-{
-    bitxor:  func(a,b){return nasal_call_builtin_xor(a,b); },
-    bitand:  func(a,b){return nasal_call_builtin_and(a,b); },
-    bitor:   func(a,b){return nasal_call_builtin_or(a,b);  },
-    bitnand: func(a,b){return nasal_call_builtin_nand(a,b);},
-    bitnot:  func(a)  {return nasal_call_builtin_not(a);   }
-};
-
-var math=
-{
-    e:     2.7182818284590452354,
-    pi:    3.14159265358979323846264338327950288,
-    sin:   func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_sin(x);          },
-    cos:   func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_cos(x);          },
-    tan:   func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_tan(x);          },
-    exp:   func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_exp(x);          }, 
-    ln:    func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_ln(x);  },
-    sqrt:  func(x)  {return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_math_sqrt(x);},
-    atan2: func(x,y){return nasal_call_builtin_cpp_atan2(x,y);  }
-};

test/life.nas

@@ -4,21 +4,19 @@ var map=nil;
 
 var check=func(x,y)
 {
-    if(x>=30) x=0;
-    if(x<0)   x=19;
-    if(y>=40) y=0;
-    if(y<0)   y=39;
+    if(x>14) x=0;
+    if(y>19) y=0;
     return map[x][y];
 }
 
 var new_map=func()
 {
     var tmp=[];
-    setsize(tmp,30);
+    setsize(tmp,15);
     forindex(var i;tmp)
     {
         tmp[i]=[];
-        setsize(tmp[i],40);
+        setsize(tmp[i],20);
     }
     return tmp;
 }
@@ -44,12 +42,12 @@ func()
         forindex(var j;map[i])
             map[i][j]=rand()>0.7?'O':' ';
     var calc=[[0,1],[1,0],[0,-1],[-1,0],[1,1],[1,-1],[-1,-1],[-1,1]];
-    for(var r=0;r<200;r+=1)
+    for(var r=0;r<100;r+=1)
     {
         prt(map);
         var tmp=new_map();
-        forindex(var i;map)
-            forindex(var j;map[i])
+        for(var i=0;i<15;i+=1)
+            for(var j=0;j<20;j+=1)
             {
                 var cnt=0;
                 foreach(var k;calc)

test/mandelbrot.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var (yMin,yMax,xMin,xMax,line)=(-0.2,0.2,-1.5,-1.0,"");
+var (yDel,xDel)=(yMax-yMin,xMax-xMin);
+for(var yPixel=0;yPixel<24;yPixel+=1)
+{
+    var y=(yPixel/24)*yDel+yMin;
+    for(var xPixel=0;xPixel<80;xPixel+=1)
+    {
+        var x=(xPixel/80)*xDel+xMin;
+        var pixel=" ";
+        var (x0,y0)=(x,y);
+        for(var iter=0;iter<80;iter+=1)
+        {
+            var x1=(x0*x0)-(y0*y0)+x;
+            var y1=2*x0*y0+y;
+            (x0,y0)=(x1,y1);
+            if((x0*x0)+(y0*y0)>4)
+            {
+                pixel=chr(" .:;+=xX$&"[iter/8]);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        line~=pixel;
+    }
+    line~='\n';
+}
+print(line);

test/multiplayer.nas

@@ -1,643 +0,0 @@
-###############################################################################
-##
-## Nasal module for dual control over the multiplayer network.
-##
-##  Copyright (C) 2007 - 2010  Anders Gidenstam  (anders(at)gidenstam.org)
-##  This file is licensed under the GPL license version 2 or later.
-##
-###############################################################################
-## MP properties
-var lat_mpp     = "position/latitude-deg";
-var lon_mpp     = "position/longitude-deg";
-var alt_mpp     = "position/altitude-ft";
-var heading_mpp = "orientation/true-heading-deg";
-var pitch_mpp   = "orientation/pitch-deg";
-var roll_mpp    = "orientation/roll-deg";
-
-# Import components from the mp_broadcast module.
-var Binary         = mp_broadcast.Binary;
-var MessageChannel = mp_broadcast.MessageChannel;
-
-###############################################################################
-# Utility classes
-
-############################################################
-# Translate a property into another.
-#  Factor and offsets are only used for numeric values.
-#   src    - source      : property node
-#   dest   - destination : property node
-#   factor -             : double
-#   offset -             : double
-var Translator = {};
-Translator.new = func (src = nil, dest = nil, factor = 1, offset = 0) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [Translator],
-              src       : src,
-              dest      : dest,
-              factor    : factor,
-              offset    : offset };
-  if (obj.src == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("Translator[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-Translator.update = func () {
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (is_num(v)) {
-    me.dest.setValue(me.factor * v + me.offset);
-  } else {
-    if (typeof(v) == "scalar")
-      me.dest.setValue(v);
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Detects flanks on two insignals encoded in a property.
-# - positive signal up/down flank
-# - negative signal up/down flank
-#   n                 - source : property node
-#   on_positive_flank - action : func (v)
-#   on_negative_flank - action : func (v)
-var EdgeTrigger = {};
-EdgeTrigger.new = func (n, on_positive_flank, on_negative_flank) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [EdgeTrigger],
-              old       : 0,
-              node      : n, 
-              pos_flank : on_positive_flank,
-              neg_flank : on_negative_flank };
-  if (obj.node == nil) {
-    print("EdgeTrigger[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.node));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-  return obj;
-}
-EdgeTrigger.update = func {
-  # NOTE: float MP properties get interpolated.
-  #       This detector relies on that steady state is reached between
-  #       flanks.
-  var val = me.node.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(val)) return;
-  if (me.old == 1) {
-    if (val < me.old) {
-      me.pos_flank(0);
-    }
-  } elsif (me.old == 0) {
-    if (val > me.old) {
-      me.pos_flank(1);
-    } elsif (val < me.old) {
-      me.neg_flank(1);
-    }
-  } elsif (me.old == -1) {
-    if (val > me.old) {
-      me.neg_flank(0);
-    }
-  }
-  me.old = val;
-}
-
-############################################################
-# StableTrigger: Triggers an action when a MPP property
-#                becomes stable (i.e. doesn't change for
-#                MIN_STABLE seconds).
-#   src     - MP prop : property node
-#   action  - action to take when the value becomes stable : [func(v)]
-# An action is triggered when value has stabilized.
-var StableTrigger = {};
-StableTrigger.new = func (src, action) {
-  var obj = { parents      : [StableTrigger],
-              src          : src,
-              action       : action,
-              old          : 0,
-              stable_since : 0,
-              wait         : 0,
-              MIN_STABLE   : 0.01 };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.src == nil) or (action = nil);
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("StableTrigger[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.action));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-StableTrigger.update = func () {
-  var v   = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-
-  if ((me.old == v) and
-      ((t - me.stable_since) > me.MIN_STABLE) and (me.wait == 1)) {
-    # Trigger action.
-    me.action(v);
-
-    me.wait = 0;
-  } elsif (me.old == v) {
-    # Wait. This is either before the signal is stable or after the action. 
-  } else {
-    me.stable_since = t;
-    me.wait         = 1;
-    me.old          = me.src.getValue();
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Selects the most recent value of two properties.
-#   src1      -  : property node
-#   src2      -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-#   threshold -  : double
-var MostRecentSelector = {};
-MostRecentSelector.new = func (src1, src2, dest, threshold) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [MostRecentSelector],
-              old1      : 0,
-              old2      : 0,
-              src1      : src1,
-              src2      : src2,
-              dest      : dest,
-              thres     : threshold };
-  if (obj.src1 == nil or obj.src2 == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("MostRecentSelector[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src1));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src2));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-MostRecentSelector.update = func {
-  var v1 = me.src1.getValue();
-  var v2 = me.src2.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v1) and !is_num(v2)) return;
-  elsif (!is_num(v1)) me.dest.setValue(v2);
-  elsif (!is_num(v2)) me.dest.setValue(v1);
-  else {
-      if (abs (v2 - me.old2) > me.thres) {
-          me.old2 = v2;
-          me.dest.setValue(me.old2);
-      }
-      if (abs (v1 - me.old1) > me.thres) {
-          me.old1 = v1;
-          me.dest.setValue(me.old1);
-      }
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Adds two input properties.
-#   src1      -  : property node
-#   src2      -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-var Adder = {};
-Adder.new = func (src1, src2, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [DeltaAccumulator],
-              src1    : src1,
-              src2    : src2,
-              dest    : dest };
-  if (obj.src1 == nil or obj.src2 == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("Adder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src1));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src2));
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-Adder.update = func () {
-  var v1 = me.src1.getValue();
-  var v2 = me.src2.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v1) or !is_num(v2)) return;
-  me.dest.setValue(v1 + v2);
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Adds the delta of src to dest.
-#   src       -  : property node
-#   dest      -  : property node
-var DeltaAdder = {};
-DeltaAdder.new = func (src, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [DeltaAdder],
-              old     : 0,
-              src     : src,
-              dest    : dest };
-  if (obj.src == nil or obj.dest == nil) {
-    print("DeltaAdder[", debug.string(obj.src), ", ",
-          debug.string(obj.dest), "]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-DeltaAdder.update = func () {
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-  me.dest.setValue((v - me.old) + me.dest.getValue());
-  me.old = v;
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Switch encoder: Encodes upto 32 boolean properties in one
-# int property.
-#   inputs    - list of property nodes
-#   dest      - where the bitmask is stored : property node
-var SwitchEncoder = {};
-SwitchEncoder.new = func (inputs, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents : [SwitchEncoder],
-              inputs  : inputs,
-              dest    : dest };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.dest == nil);
-  foreach (var i; inputs) {
-    if (i == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("SwitchEncoder[");
-    foreach (var i; inputs) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(i));
-    }
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.dest));
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-SwitchEncoder.update = func () {
-  var v = 0;
-  var b = 1;
-  forindex (var i; me.inputs) {
-    if (me.inputs[i].getBoolValue()) {
-      v = v + b;
-    }
-    b *= 2;
-  }
-  me.dest.setIntValue(v);
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Switch decoder: Decodes a bitmask in an int property.
-#   src     -                 : property node
-#   actions - list of actions : [func(b)]
-# Actions are triggered when their input bit change.
-# Due to interpolation the decoder needs to wait for a
-# stable input value.
-var SwitchDecoder = {};
-SwitchDecoder.new = func (src, actions) {
-  var obj = { parents : [SwitchDecoder],
-              wait         : 0,
-              old          : 0,
-              old_stable   : 0,
-              stable_since : 0,
-              reset        : 1,
-              src          : src,
-              actions      : actions,
-              MIN_STABLE   : 0.1 };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (obj.src == nil);
-  foreach (var a; obj.actions) {
-    if (a == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-  
-  if (bad) {
-    print("SwitchDecoder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(obj.src));
-    foreach (var a; obj.actions) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(a));
-    }
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-SwitchDecoder.update = func () {
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-  var v = me.src.getValue();
-  if (!is_num(v)) return;
-
-  if ((me.old == v) and ((t - me.stable_since) > me.MIN_STABLE) and
-      (me.wait == 1)) {
-    var ov = me.old_stable;
-# Use this to improve.
-#<cptf> here's the boring version:  var bittest = func(u, b) { while (b) { u = int(u / 2); b -= 1; } u != int(u / 2) * 2; }
-    forindex (var i; me.actions) {
-      var m  = math.mod(v, 2);
-      var om = math.mod(ov, 2);
-      if ((m != om or me.reset)) { me.actions[i](m?1:0); }
-      v  = (v - m)/2;
-      ov = (ov - om)/2;
-    }
-    me.old_stable = me.src.getValue();
-    me.wait  = 0;
-    me.reset = 0;
-  } elsif (me.old == v) {
-    # Wait. This is either before the bitmask is stable or after
-    # it has been processed. 
-  } else {
-    me.stable_since = t;
-    me.wait         = 1;
-    me.old          = me.src.getValue();
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Time division multiplexing encoder: Transmits a list of
-# properties over a MP enabled string property.
-#   inputs  - input properties : [property node]
-#   dest    - MP string prop   : property node
-# Note: TDM can have high latency so it is best used for
-# non-time critical properties.
-var TDMEncoder = {};
-TDMEncoder.new = func (inputs, dest) {
-  var obj = { parents   : [TDMEncoder],
-              inputs    : inputs,
-              channel   : MessageChannel.new(dest,
-                                             func (msg) {
-                                               print("This should not happen!");
-                                             }),
-              MIN_INT   : 0.25,
-              last_time : 0,
-              next_item : 0,
-              old       : [] };
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (dest == nil) or (obj.channel == nil);
-  foreach (var i; inputs) {
-    if (i == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("TDMEncoder[");
-    foreach (var i; inputs) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(i));
-    }
-    print("  ", debug.string(dest));
-    print("]");
-  }
-
-  setsize(obj.old, size(obj.inputs));
-
-  return obj;
-}
-TDMEncoder.update = func () {
-  var t = getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"); # NOTE: simulated time.
-  if (t > me.last_time + me.MIN_INT) {
-    var n = size(me.inputs);
-    while (1) {
-      var v = me.inputs[me.next_item].getValue();
-
-      if ((n <= 0) or (me.old[me.next_item] != v)) {
-        # Set the MP properties to send the next item.
-        me.channel.send(Binary.encodeByte(me.next_item) ~
-                        Binary.encodeDouble(v));
-
-        me.old[me.next_item] = v;
-
-        me.last_time = t;
-        me.next_item += 1;
-        if (me.next_item >= size(me.inputs)) { me.next_item = 0; }
-        return;
-      } else {
-        # Search for changed property.
-        n -= 1;
-        me.next_item += 1;
-        if (me.next_item >= size(me.inputs)) { me.next_item = 0; }
-      }         
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-############################################################
-# Time division multiplexing decoder: Receives a list of
-# properties over a MP enabled string property.
-#   src     - MP string prop  : property node
-#   actions - list of actions : [func(v)]
-# An action is triggered when its value is received.
-# Note: TDM can have high latency so it is best used for
-# non-time critical properties.
-var TDMDecoder = {};
-TDMDecoder.new = func (src, actions) {
-  var obj = { parents      : [TDMDecoder],
-              actions      : actions };
-  obj.channel = MessageChannel.new(src,
-                                   func (msg) {
-                                     obj.process(msg);
-                                   });
-
-  # Error checking.
-  var bad = (src == nil) or (obj.channel == nil);
-  foreach (var a; actions) {
-    if (a == nil) { bad = 1; }
-  }
-
-  if (bad) {
-    print("TDMDecoder[");
-    print("  ", debug.string(src));
-    foreach (var a; actions) {
-      print("  ", debug.string(a));
-    }
-    print("]");
-    fail();
-  }
-
-  return obj;
-}
-TDMDecoder.process = func (msg) {
-  var v1 = Binary.decodeByte(msg);
-  var v2 = Binary.decodeDouble(substr(msg, 1));
-  # Trigger action.
-  me.actions[v1](v2);
-}
-TDMDecoder.update = func {
-  me.channel.update();
-}
-
-###############################################################################
-# Internal utility functions
-
-var is_num = func (v) {
-    return num(v) != nil;
-}
-
-# fail causes a Nasal runtime error so we get a backtrace.
-var fail = func {
-    error_detected_in_calling_context();
-}
-
-###############################################################################
-
-###############################################################################
-# Copilot selection dialog.
-#
-# Usage: dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.show(<copilot type string>);
-#
-var COPILOT_DLG = 0;
-var copilot_dialog = {};
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.init = func (copilot_type, x = nil, y = nil) {
-    me.x = x;
-    me.y = y;
-    me.bg = [0, 0, 0, 0.3];    # background color
-    me.fg = [[1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]]; 
-    #
-    # "private"
-    if (contains(aircraft_dual_control, "copilot_view")) {
-        me.title = "Pilot selection";
-    } else {
-        me.title = "Copilot selection";
-    }
-    me.basenode = props.globals.getNode("sim/remote", 1);
-    me.dialog = nil;
-    me.namenode = props.Node.new({"dialog-name" : me.title });
-    me.listeners = [];
-    me.copilot_type = copilot_type;
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.create = func {
-    if (me.dialog != nil)
-        me.close();
-
-    me.dialog = gui.Widget.new();
-    me.dialog.set("name", me.title);
-    if (me.x != nil)
-        me.dialog.set("x", me.x);
-    if (me.y != nil)
-        me.dialog.set("y", me.y);
-
-    me.dialog.set("layout", "vbox");
-    me.dialog.set("default-padding", 0);
-    var titlebar = me.dialog.addChild("group");
-    titlebar.set("layout", "hbox");
-    titlebar.addChild("empty").set("stretch", 1);
-    if (contains(aircraft_dual_control, "copilot_view")) {
-        titlebar.addChild("text").set("label", "Book your flight");
-    } else {
-        titlebar.addChild("text").set("label", "Passengers online");
-    }
-    var w = titlebar.addChild("button");
-    w.set("pref-width", 16);
-    w.set("pref-height", 16);
-    w.set("legend", "");
-    w.set("default", 0);
-    w.set("key", "esc");
-    w.setBinding("nasal", "dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.destroy(); ");
-    w.setBinding("dialog-close");
-    me.dialog.addChild("hrule");
-
-    var content = me.dialog.addChild("group");
-    content.set("layout", "vbox");
-    content.set("halign", "center");
-    content.set("default-padding", 5);
-
-    # Generate the dialog contents.
-    me.players = me.find_copilot_players();
-    var i = 0;
-    var tmpbase  = me.basenode.getNode("dialog", 1);
-    var selected = me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").getValue();
-    foreach (var p; me.players) {
-        var tmp = tmpbase.getNode("b[" ~ i ~ "]", 1);
-        tmp.setBoolValue(streq(selected, p));
-        var w = content.addChild("checkbox");
-        w.node.setValues({"label"    : p,
-                          "halign"   : "left",
-                          "property" : tmp.getPath()});
-        w.setBinding
-            ("nasal",
-             "dual_control_tools.copilot_dialog.select_action(" ~ i ~ ");");
-        i = i + 1;
-    }
-    me.dialog.addChild("hrule");
-
-    # Display the dialog.
-    fgcommand("dialog-new", me.dialog.prop());
-    fgcommand("dialog-show", me.namenode);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.close = func {
-    fgcommand("dialog-close", me.namenode);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.destroy = func {
-    COPILOT_DLG = 0;
-    me.close();
-    foreach(var l; me.listeners)
-        removelistener(l);
-    delete(gui.dialog, "\"" ~ me.title ~ "\"");
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.show = func (copilot_type) {
-#    print("Showing MPCopilots dialog!");
-    if (!COPILOT_DLG) {
-        COPILOT_DLG = int(getprop("/sim/time/elapsed-sec"));
-        me.init(copilot_type);
-        me.create();
-        me._update_(COPILOT_DLG);
-    }
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog._redraw_ = func {
-    if (me.dialog != nil) {
-        me.close();
-        me.create();
-    }
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog._update_ = func (id) {
-    if (COPILOT_DLG != id) return;
-    me._redraw_();
-    settimer(func { me._update_(id); }, 4.1);
-}
-############################################################
-copilot_dialog.select_action = func (n) {
-    var selected = me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").getValue();
-    var bs = me.basenode.getNode("dialog").getChildren();
-    # Assumption: There are two true b:s or none. The one not matching selected
-    #             is the new selection.
-    var i = 0;
-    me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").setValue("");
-    foreach (var b; bs) {
-        if (!b.getValue() and (i == n)) {
-            b.setValue(1);
-            me.basenode.getNode("pilot-callsign").setValue(me.players[i]);
-        } else {
-            b.setValue(0);
-        }
-        i = i + 1;
-    }
-    dual_control.main.reset();
-    me._redraw_();
-}
-############################################################
-# Return a list containing all nearby copilot players of the right type.
-copilot_dialog.find_copilot_players = func {
-    var mpplayers =
-        props.globals.getNode("ai/models").getChildren("multiplayer");
-
-    var res = [];
-    foreach (var pilot; mpplayers) {
-        if ((pilot.getNode("valid") != nil) and
-            (pilot.getNode("valid").getValue()) and
-            (pilot.getNode("sim/model/path") != nil)) {
-            var type = pilot.getNode("sim/model/path").getValue();
-
-            if (type == me.copilot_type) {
-                append(res, pilot.getNode("callsign").getValue());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-#    debug.dump(res);
-    return res; 
-}
-###############################################################################

test/nasal_test.nas

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-#//This is written for Nasal Intepreter
-#//Sidi Liang
-
+# This is written for Nasal Intepreter
+# Sidi Liang
+import("lib.nas");
 var w = 1;
 var x = "hello";
 var f = func(){
-    print("f is called");
+    println("f is called");
 }
 var f2 = func(){
     return 2;
@@ -28,71 +28,27 @@ var z1 = {
     hashh:z
 };
 var y2 = [w, x, y, z1];
-
 var z2 = {
     hashh: z1,
     listt2: y2,
 };
 
-print(w);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(x);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(y);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(z);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(z1);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(y2);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-print(y[0]);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(y1[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(z.numb);#//1
-print("\n");
-print(z.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(z1.hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(y2[3].hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-print(f);#//Empty
-print("\n");
+println(w);#//1
+println(x);#//hello
+println(y);#//[1,hello]
+println(z);#//{...}
+println(z1);#//{...}
+println(y2);#//[...]
+println(y[0]);#//1
+println(y1[2][1]);#//hello
+println(z.numb);#//1
+println(z.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(z1.hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(y2[3].hashh.listt[2][1]);#//hello
+println(f);#//func(...){...}
 f();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(z.funcc);#//Empty
-print("\n");
+println(z.funcc);#//func(...){...}
 z.funcc();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(z.funcccall);#//Empty
-print("\n");
-z.funcccall();#//f is called
-print("\n");
+println(z.funcccall);#//func(...){...}
 z2.listt2[3].hashh.funcc();#//f is called
-print("\n");
-print(y1[f2()][w]);#//hello
-print("\n");
-#//print(z.f3()); Error
-call(f);#//f is called
-print("\n");
-call(z.funcc);#//f is called
-print("\n");
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
+println(y1[f2()][w]);#//hello

test/neo4j.nas

@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-
-rand(time(0));
-var chartable=split('','abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789');
-var node=func(type)
-{
-    var s="";
-    for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
-        s~=chartable[rand()*62];
-    return {name:s,type:type,next:[]};
-}
-var film_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<1000;i+=1)
-    append(film_node,node("film"));
-var director_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<200;i+=1)
-    append(director_node,node("direct"));
-var actor_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<400;i+=1)
-    append(actor_node,node("actor"));
-var writer_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<100;i+=1)
-    append(writer_node,node("writer"));
-var type_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<40;i+=1)
-    append(type_node,node("type"));
-var lang_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<120;i+=1)
-    append(lang_node,node("lang"));
-var country_node=[];
-for(var i=0;i<120;i+=1)
-    append(country_node,node("country"));
-
-func()
-{
-    var director_size=size(director_node);
-    var actor_size=size(actor_node);
-    var writer_size=size(writer_node);
-    var type_size=size(type_node);
-    var lang_size=size(lang_node);
-    var country_size=size(country_node);
-
-    foreach(var film;film_node)
-    {
-        var director_link=int(1+rand()*2);
-        var actor_link=int(1+rand()*20);
-        var writer_link=int(1+rand()*2);
-        var type_link=int(1+rand()*5);
-        var lang_link=int(1+rand()*4);
-        var country_link=int(1+rand()*4);
-        for(var i=0;i<director_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var director=director_node[rand()*director_size];
-            append(film.next,director);
-            append(director.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<actor_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var actor=actor_node[rand()*actor_size];
-            append(film.next,actor);
-            append(actor.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<writer_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var writer=writer_node[rand()*writer_size];
-            append(film.next,writer);
-            append(writer.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<type_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var _type=type_node[rand()*type_size];
-            append(film.next,_type);
-            append(_type.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<lang_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var lang=lang_node[rand()*lang_size];
-            append(film.next,lang);
-            append(lang.next,film);
-        }
-        for(var i=0;i<country_link;i+=1)
-        {
-            var country=country_node[rand()*country_size];
-            append(film.next,country);
-            append(country.next,film);
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}();
-
-
-var film_list=[];
-var count_list=[];
-for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1)
-{
-    append(film_list,film_node[i]);
-    append(count_list,1);
-}
-
-var sort_list=func(begin,end)
-{
-    for(var i=begin;i<end;i+=1)
-    {
-        var index=i;
-        for(var j=i+1;j<end;j+=1)
-            if(count_list[index]<count_list[j])
-                index=j;
-        if(index!=i)
-        {
-            var tmp=film_list[i];
-            film_list[i]=film_list[index];
-            film_list[index]=tmp;
-            tmp=count_list[i];
-            count_list[i]=count_list[index];
-            count_list[index]=tmp;
-        }
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-var get_next=func(index)
-{
-    var label_list=film_list[index].next;
-    film_list=[];
-    count_list=[];
-    foreach(var label;label_list)
-        foreach(var film;label.next)
-        {
-            var has=0;
-            for(var i=0;i<size(film_list);i+=1)
-                if(film_list[i].name==film.name)
-                {
-                    has=1;
-                    count_list[i]+=1;
-                    break;
-                }
-            if(has==0)
-            {
-                append(film_list,film);
-                append(count_list,1);
-            }
-        }
-    sort_list(0,size(film_list));
-    return;
-}
-
-while(1)
-{
-    var list_size=size(film_list);
-    list_size=list_size>10?10:list_size;
-    for(var i=1;i<list_size;i+=1)
-        println('| ',i,'\t:',film_list[i].name,'\t',count_list[i]);
-    var choose=input();
-    if(choose=="exit")
-        break;
-    if(num(choose)==0 or num(choose)>=list_size)
-        die("choose a correct index");
-    get_next(num(choose));
-}
-
-foreach(var film;film_node)
-    setsize(film.next,0);

test/pi.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var (t,res)=(1,0);
+for(var m=1;m<4e6;m+=2)
+{
+    res+=t*1/m;
+    t=-t;
+}
+println(res*4);

test/prime.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var is_prime=func(x){
+    for(var i=2;i<x;i+=1)
+        if(x/i==int(x/i))
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+var is_prime_sqrt=func(x){
+    for(var i=2;i<=math.sqrt(x);i+=1)
+        if(x/i==int(x/i))
+            return 0;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+var primes=[];
+var filter=func(x){
+    foreach(var i;primes){
+        if(x/i==int(x/i))
+            return 0;
+        if(x>=i){
+            for(var j=i+1;j<=math.sqrt(x);j+=1)
+                if(x/j==int(x/j))
+                    return 0;
+            append(primes,x);
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    append(primes,x);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+func(){
+    var cnt=0;
+    for(var i=2;i<50000;i+=1)
+        if(filter(i))
+            cnt+=1;
+    println(cnt);
+}();

test/queue.nas

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-# lib queue.nas
-# valkmjolnir 2021/3/3
-var new_queue=func()
-{
-    return {begin:nil,end:nil};
-}
-var queue_push=func(queue_head,elem)
-{
-    var new_node=
-    {
-        elem:elem,
-        next:nil
-    };
-    if(queue_head.begin==nil)
-        queue_head.begin=queue_head.end=new_node;
-    else
-    {
-        queue_head.end.next=new_node;
-        queue_head.end=new_node;
-    }
-    return;
-}
-var queue_pop=func(queue_head)
-{
-    var t=queue_head.begin;
-    queue_head.begin=queue_head.begin.next;
-    if(queue_head.begin==nil)
-        queue_head.end=nil;
-    return t;
-}
-var queue_front=func(queue_head)
-{
-    if(queue_head.begin!=nil)
-        return queue_head.begin.elem;
-    return nil;
-}
-var queue_empty=func(queue_head)
-{
-    return queue_head.begin==nil;
-}

test/quick_sort.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+var sort=func(vec,left,right)
+{
+    if(left>=right) return;
+    var (L,R,tmp)=(left,right,vec[left]);
+    while(left<right)
+    {
+        while(left<right and tmp<=vec[right])
+            right-=1;
+        while(left<right and tmp>=vec[left])
+            left+=1;
+        if(left!=right)
+            (vec[left],vec[right])=(vec[right],vec[left]);
+    }
+    (vec[L],vec[left])=(vec[left],tmp);
+    sort(vec,L,left-1);
+    sort(vec,left+1,R);
+    return;
+}
+var vec=[];
+rand(time(0));
+for(var i=0;i<200;i+=1)
+    append(vec,int(rand()*1000));
+sort(vec,0,size(vec)-1);
+println(vec);

test/scalar.nas

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ var multi_assign_2=[10,9,8,7];
 ((-1*2+9))/7-1;
 ((({num:2})))["num"]*2*2*2;
 ((((([0,1,2])[0:2]))[0:2]))[1]-1;
-(((((((((((((((((((1+1+2+3+5)+8))+13)))+21))))+34)))))+55))))*89;
+println((((((((((((((((((((1+1+2+3+5)+8))+13)))+21))))+34)))))+55))))*89); # 12727
 number_1*(number_2+number_3)/90-number_4;
 (func test_func)()-1;
 hash_3.member_3+(func {return {what:"i don't tell you.",case_small:80,case_large:100}})()["case_large"]/10;
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ nil and 1+7*8;
 var hash={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
 var tmp_f=hash.f;
 hash=1;
-print(tmp_f());
+println(tmp_f());
 # undefined symbol 'me'
 # this means that 
 # when generating local_scope for function f,
@@ -138,13 +138,13 @@ print(tmp_f());
 var h1={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
 var h2={str:'world',f:func{return nil;}};
 h2.f=h1.f;
-print(h2.f());
+println(h2.f());
 # print 'world'
 # this means that 'me' in hash's functions
 # only points to the hash this function belongs to
 
-var f1=func(){print(1);return 1;}
-var f2=func(){print(2);return 0;}
+var f1=func(){println(1);return 1;}
+var f2=func(){println(2);return 0;}
 f1() or f2();
 # print '1'
 # this means that when using 'or' or 'and',

test/scope.nas

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-import("lib.nas");
-var global_value=0;
-var global_hash=
-{
-    var1:1,
-    var2:2,
-    var3:func(){return me.var2;}
-};
-println(global_value);
-println(global_hash.var3());
-
-var func1=func()
-{
-    global_value=1;
-    println(global_value);
-    var closure_value=1;
-    var temp_value=1;
-    println(temp_value);
-    return func{return closure_value;};
-}
-
-var func2=func()
-{
-    for(var temp_value=0;temp_value<100;temp_value+=1)
-    {
-        if(temp_value<10)
-            println(temp_value,"< 10");
-        elsif(10<=temp_value and temp_value<50)
-            println(temp_value,"< 50");
-    }
-    return;
-}
-
-var func3=func()
-{
-    var fake_closure_value=1;
-    return func()
-    {
-        var fake_closure_value=2;
-        return fake_closure_value;
-    };
-}
-
-println(func1()());
-func2();
-println(func3()());
-
-if(!global_value)
-{
-    var temp_value=1;
-    if(temp_value)
-    {
-        var temp_value=2;
-        if(temp_value>=1)
-        {
-            var temp_value=3;
-            print(temp_value);
-        }
-        print(temp_value);
-    }
-    print(temp_value);
-}

test/smartscreen.nas

@@ -1,210 +0,0 @@
-var smartScreen = canvas.new({
-  "name": "smartScreen",   # The name is optional but allow for easier identification
-  "size": [2048, 2048], # Size of the underlying texture (should be a power of 2, required) [Resolution]
-  "view": [768, 768],  # Virtual resolution (Defines the coordinate system of the canvas [Dimensions]
-                        # which will be stretched the size of the texture, required)
-  "mipmapping": 1       # Enable mipmapping (optional)
-});
-
-smartScreen.addPlacement({"node": "screen", "texture": "screen.jpeg"});
-var group = smartScreen.createGroup();
-
-# Create a text element and set some values
-var text = group.createChild("text", "optional-id-for element")
-          .setTranslation(10, 20)      # The origin is in the top left corner
-          .setAlignment("left-center") # All values from osgText are supported (see $FG_ROOT/Docs/README.osgtext)
-          .setFont("LiberationFonts/LiberationSans-Regular.ttf") # Fonts are loaded either from $AIRCRAFT_DIR/Fonts or $FG_ROOT/Fonts
-          .setFontSize(14, 1.2)        # Set fontsize and optionally character aspect ratio
-          .setColor(1,0,0)             # Text color
-          .setText("This is a text element");
-text.hide();
-text.setText("SELF TEST NORMAL").show();
-
-
-
-var ui_root = smartScreen.createGroup();
-var vbox = canvas.VBoxLayout.new();
-smartScreen.setLayout(vbox);
-
-
-var button_onl = canvas.gui.widgets.Button.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {}).setText("Online OSM").listen("clicked", func showOnlineMap());
-var button_offl = canvas.gui.widgets.Button.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {}).setText("Offline OSM").listen("clicked", func showOfflineMap());
-button_onl.setSizeHint([32, 128]);
-button_offl.setSizeHint([32, 128]);
-
-var label = canvas.gui.widgets.Label.new(ui_root, canvas.style, {});
-
-var button_box = canvas.HBoxLayout.new();
-button_box.addItem(button_onl);
-button_box.addItem(button_offl);
-button_box.addItem(label);
-button_box.addStretch(1);
-
-vbox.addItem(button_box);
-vbox.addStretch(1);
-
-
-var showOnlineMap = func(){
-  TestMap.show();
-  g.hide();
-  label.setText("Online Mode");
-}
-
-
-var showOfflineMap = func(){
-  TestMap.hide();
-  g.show();
-  label.setText("Offline Mode");
-}
-
-
-# Online Map using MapStructure
-var TestMap = smartScreen.createGroup().createChild("map");
-TestMap.setTranslation(smartScreen.get("view[0]")/2,smartScreen.get("view[1]")/2);
-
-
-var ctrl_ns = canvas.Map.Controller.get("Aircraft position");
-var source = ctrl_ns.SOURCES["map-dialog"];
-if (source == nil) {
-  # TODO: amend
-  var source = ctrl_ns.SOURCES["map-dialog"] = {
-    getPosition: func subvec(geo.aircraft_position().latlon(), 0, 2),# ? ? ?
-    getAltitude: func getprop('/position/altitude-ft'),
-    getHeading:  func {
-      if (me.aircraft_heading)
-        getprop('/orientation/heading-deg');
-      else
-        0;
-    },
-    aircraft_heading: 1,
-  };
-}
-setlistener("/sim/gui/dialogs/map-canvas/aircraft-heading-up", func(n){source.aircraft_heading = n.getBoolValue();}, 1);
-TestMap.setController("Aircraft position", "map-dialog");
-TestMap.setRange(1); 
-
-var r = func(name,vis=1,zindex=nil){return caller(0)[0];};
-# TODO: we'll need some z-indexing here, right now it's just random
-
-foreach(var type; [r('APS')] ){
-    TestMap.addLayer(factory: canvas.SymbolLayer, type_arg: type.name, visible: type.vis, priority: 2);
-}
-
-foreach(var type; [ r('OSM')]) {
-    TestMap.addLayer(factory: canvas.OverlayLayer,
-                    type_arg: type.name,
-                     visible: type.vis,
-                    priority: 1);
-}
-
-
-TestMap.hide();
-
-# Offline map
-
-var g = smartScreen.createGroup();
-var zoom = 15;
-var type = "intl";
-var tile_size = 256;
-
-
-var changeZoom = func(d)
-{
-  zoom = math.max(2, math.min(19, zoom + d));
-  updateTiles();
-}
-
-# http://polymaps.org/docs/
-# https://github.com/simplegeo/polymaps
-# https://github.com/Leaflet/Leaflet
-
-var maps_base = getprop("/sim/fg-home") ~ '/cache/maps';
-
-var makePath =
-string.compileTemplate(maps_base ~ '/osm-{type}/{z}/{x}/{y}.jpg');
-var num_tiles = [4, 4];
-
-var center_tile_offset = [(num_tiles[0]-1)/2, (num_tiles[1]-1)/ 2];
-
-# simple aircraft icon at current position/center of the map
-g.createChild("path")
-  .moveTo( tile_size*center_tile_offset[0]-10, tile_size*center_tile_offset[1])
-  .horiz(20)
-  .move(-10,-10)
-  .vert(20)
-  .set("stroke", "red")
-  .set("stroke-width", 2)
-  .set("z-index", 1);
-
-# initialize the map by setting up
-# a grid of raster images  
-
-var tiles = setsize([], num_tiles[0]);
-for(var x=0; x<num_tiles[0]; x+=1)
-{
-  tiles[x] = setsize([], num_tiles[1]);
-  for(var y=0; y<num_tiles[1]; y+=1)
-    tiles[x][y] = g.createChild("image", "map-tile");
-}
-
-var last_tile = [-1,-1];
-var last_type = type;
-
-# this is the callback that will be regularly called by the timer
-# to update the map
-var updateTiles = func()
-{
-  # get current position
-  var lat = getprop('/position/latitude-deg');
-  var lon = getprop('/position/longitude-deg');
-
-  var n = math.pow(2, zoom);
-  var offset = [n*((lon+180)/360)-center_tile_offset[0], (1-math.ln(math.tan(lat*math.pi/180)+1/math.cos(lat*math.pi/180))/math.pi)/2*n-center_tile_offset[1]];
-  var tile_index = [int(offset[0]), int(offset[1])];
-
-  var ox = tile_index[0] - offset[0];
-  var oy = tile_index[1] - offset[1];
-
-  for(var x = 0; x < num_tiles[0]; x += 1)
-    for(var y = 0; y < num_tiles[1]; y += 1)
-      tiles[x][y].setTranslation(int((ox + x) * tile_size + 0.5), int((oy + y) * tile_size + 0.5));
-
-  if(  tile_index[0] != last_tile[0]
-    or tile_index[1] != last_tile[1]
-    or type != last_type )
-  {
-    for(var x = 0; x < num_tiles[0]; x += 1)
-      for(var y = 0; y < num_tiles[1]; y += 1)
-      {
-        var pos = {
-          z: zoom,
-          x: int(offset[0] + x),
-          y: int(offset[1] + y),
-          type: type
-        };
-
-        (func {
-            var img_path = makePath(pos);
-            var tile = tiles[x][y];
-            print('loading ' ~ img_path);
-            tile.set("src", img_path);
-          })();
-        # lambda
-      }
-
-      last_tile = tile_index;
-      last_type = type;
-  }
-};
-
-# set up a timer that will invoke updateTiles at 2-second intervals
-var update_timer = maketimer(2, updateTiles);
-# actually start the timer
-update_timer.start();
-
-# set up default zoom level
-changeZoom(0);
-
-#g.hide();
-
-

test/special.nas

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-var hash={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
-var tmp_f=hash.f;
-hash=1;
-print(tmp_f());
-# undefined symbol 'me'
-# this means that 
-# when generating local_scope for function f,
-# nasal_gc will not count 'me' as one reference of this hash
-
-var h1={str:'hello',f:func{return me.str;}};
-var h2={str:'world',f:func{return nil;}};
-h2.f=h1.f;
-print(h2.f());
-# print 'world'
-# this means that 'me' in hash's functions
-# only points to the hash this function belongs to
-
-var f1=func(){print(1);return 1;}
-var f2=func(){print(2);return 0;}
-f1() or f2();
-# print '1'
-# this means that when using 'or' or 'and',
-# if the result is clear when calculating,
-# objects behind will not be calculated

test/stack.nas

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-# lib stack.nas
-var block_alloc=func()
-{
-    return {elem:nil,next:nil};
-}
-var new_stack=func()
-{
-    return {next:nil};
-}
-var stack_push=func(stack,elem)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    stack.next=block_alloc();
-    stack.next.elem=elem;
-    stack.next.next=tmp;
-}
-var stack_pop=func(stack)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        stack.next=tmp.next;
-    return;
-}
-var stack_top=func(stack)
-{
-    var tmp=stack.next;
-    if(tmp!=nil)
-        return tmp.elem;
-    return nil;
-}
-var stack_empty=func(stack)
-{
-    return stack.next==nil;
-}

test/trait.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var trait={
+    get:func{return me.val;},
+    set:func(x){me.val=x;}
+};
+
+var class={
+    new:func(){
+        return {
+            val:nil,
+            parents:[trait]
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+var class2={
+    new:func(){
+        return {
+            val:nil,
+            parents:[trait],
+            set:func(x){me.val=typeof(x);}
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+var class_obj=[];
+for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1){
+    append(class_obj,class.new());
+    class_obj[i].set(i);
+}
+for(var i=0;i<10;i+=1){
+    append(class_obj,class2.new());
+    class_obj[10+i].set(i);
+}
+
+foreach(var object;class_obj){
+    println(object.get(),' ',keys(object));
+}

test/ycombinator.nas

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Y combinator by ValKmjolnir
+
+import("lib.nas");
+
+var fib=func(f){
+    return f(f);
+}(
+    func(f){
+        return func(x){
+            if(x<2) return x;
+            return f(f)(x-1)+f(f)(x-2);
+        }
+    }
+);
+
+for(var i=1;i<31;i+=1)
+    println(fib(i));