diff --git a/source/libs/executor/inc/executorimpl.h b/source/libs/executor/inc/executorimpl.h
index 7d597217ee..17a06a40c1 100644
--- a/source/libs/executor/inc/executorimpl.h
+++ b/source/libs/executor/inc/executorimpl.h
@@ -773,7 +773,9 @@ SOperatorInfo* createAggregateOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo* downstream, SExprInfo*
 SOperatorInfo* createProjectOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo* downstream, SExprInfo* pExprInfo, int32_t num, SSDataBlock* pResBlock, SLimit* pLimit, SLimit* pSlimit, SNode* pCondition, SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo);
 SOperatorInfo *createSortOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo* downstream, SSDataBlock* pResBlock, SArray* pSortInfo, SExprInfo* pExprInfo, int32_t numOfCols,
                                       SArray* pIndexMap, SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo);
-
+SOperatorInfo* createMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo** downStreams, int32_t numStreams,
+                                                   SSDataBlock* pResBlock, SArray* pSortInfo, SArray* pColMatchColInfo,
+                                                   SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo);
 SOperatorInfo* createSortedMergeOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo** downstream, int32_t numOfDownstream, SExprInfo* pExprInfo, int32_t num, SArray* pSortInfo, SArray* pGroupInfo, SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo);
 
 SOperatorInfo* createIntervalOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo* downstream, SExprInfo* pExprInfo, int32_t numOfCols,
diff --git a/source/libs/executor/src/executorimpl.c b/source/libs/executor/src/executorimpl.c
index 92b3195f36..beb5e1152f 100644
--- a/source/libs/executor/src/executorimpl.c
+++ b/source/libs/executor/src/executorimpl.c
@@ -4517,6 +4517,19 @@ SOperatorInfo* createOperatorTree(SPhysiNode* pPhyNode, SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo
         extractColMatchInfo(pSortPhyNode->pTargets, pDescNode, &numOfOutputCols, pTaskInfo, COL_MATCH_FROM_SLOT_ID);
 
     pOptr = createSortOperatorInfo(ops[0], pResBlock, info, pExprInfo, numOfCols, pColList, pTaskInfo);
+  }  else if (QUERY_NODE_PHYSICAL_PLAN_MERGE == type) {
+    SMergePhysiNode* pMergePhyNode = (SMergePhysiNode*)pPhyNode;
+
+    SDataBlockDescNode* pDescNode = pPhyNode->pOutputDataBlockDesc;
+    SSDataBlock* pResBlock = createResDataBlock(pDescNode);
+
+    SArray*      sortInfo = createSortInfo(pMergePhyNode->pMergeKeys);
+    int32_t numOfOutputCols = 0;
+    SArray* pColList = NULL;
+        //extractColMatchInfo(pMergePhyNode->pTargets, pDescNode, &numOfOutputCols, pTaskInfo, COL_MATCH_FROM_SLOT_ID);
+
+
+    pOptr = createMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo(ops, size, pResBlock, sortInfo, pColList, pTaskInfo);
   } else if (QUERY_NODE_PHYSICAL_PLAN_SESSION_WINDOW == type) {
     SSessionWinodwPhysiNode* pSessionNode = (SSessionWinodwPhysiNode*)pPhyNode;
 
diff --git a/source/libs/executor/src/sortoperator.c b/source/libs/executor/src/sortoperator.c
index 5e1b47cc91..c84d4491af 100644
--- a/source/libs/executor/src/sortoperator.c
+++ b/source/libs/executor/src/sortoperator.c
@@ -13,17 +13,18 @@
  * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-#include "tdatablock.h"
 #include "executorimpl.h"
+#include "tdatablock.h"
 
 static SSDataBlock* doSort(SOperatorInfo* pOperator);
-static int32_t doOpenSortOperator(SOperatorInfo* pOperator);
-static int32_t getExplainExecInfo(SOperatorInfo* pOptr, void** pOptrExplain, uint32_t* len);
+static int32_t      doOpenSortOperator(SOperatorInfo* pOperator);
+static int32_t      getExplainExecInfo(SOperatorInfo* pOptr, void** pOptrExplain, uint32_t* len);
 
 static void destroyOrderOperatorInfo(void* param, int32_t numOfOutput);
 
-SOperatorInfo* createSortOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo* downstream, SSDataBlock* pResBlock, SArray* pSortInfo, SExprInfo* pExprInfo, int32_t numOfCols,
-                                      SArray* pColMatchColInfo, SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo) {
+SOperatorInfo* createSortOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo* downstream, SSDataBlock* pResBlock, SArray* pSortInfo,
+                                      SExprInfo* pExprInfo, int32_t numOfCols, SArray* pColMatchColInfo,
+                                      SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo) {
   SSortOperatorInfo* pInfo = taosMemoryCalloc(1, sizeof(SSortOperatorInfo));
   SOperatorInfo*     pOperator = taosMemoryCalloc(1, sizeof(SOperatorInfo));
   int32_t            rowSize = pResBlock->info.rowSize;
@@ -32,33 +33,33 @@ SOperatorInfo* createSortOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo* downstream, SSDataBlock* pR
     goto _error;
   }
 
-  pOperator->pExpr    = pExprInfo;
+  pOperator->pExpr = pExprInfo;
   pOperator->numOfExprs = numOfCols;
-  pInfo->binfo.pCtx   = createSqlFunctionCtx(pExprInfo, numOfCols, &pInfo->binfo.rowCellInfoOffset);
-  pInfo->binfo.pRes   = pResBlock;
+  pInfo->binfo.pCtx = createSqlFunctionCtx(pExprInfo, numOfCols, &pInfo->binfo.rowCellInfoOffset);
+  pInfo->binfo.pRes = pResBlock;
 
   initResultSizeInfo(pOperator, 1024);
 
-  pInfo->pSortInfo    = pSortInfo;
-  pInfo->pColMatchInfo= pColMatchColInfo;
-  pOperator->name     = "SortOperator";
+  pInfo->pSortInfo = pSortInfo;
+  pInfo->pColMatchInfo = pColMatchColInfo;
+  pOperator->name = "SortOperator";
   pOperator->operatorType = QUERY_NODE_PHYSICAL_PLAN_SORT;
   pOperator->blocking = true;
-  pOperator->status   = OP_NOT_OPENED;
-  pOperator->info     = pInfo;
+  pOperator->status = OP_NOT_OPENED;
+  pOperator->info = pInfo;
 
   // lazy evaluation for the following parameter since the input datablock is not known till now.
-//  pInfo->bufPageSize  = rowSize < 1024 ? 1024 * 2 : rowSize * 2;  // there are headers, so pageSize = rowSize + header
-//  pInfo->sortBufSize  = pInfo->bufPageSize * 16;  // TODO dynamic set the available sort buffer
+  //  pInfo->bufPageSize  = rowSize < 1024 ? 1024 * 2 : rowSize * 2;  // there are headers, so pageSize = rowSize +
+  //  header pInfo->sortBufSize  = pInfo->bufPageSize * 16;  // TODO dynamic set the available sort buffer
 
   pOperator->pTaskInfo = pTaskInfo;
-  pOperator->fpSet =
-      createOperatorFpSet(doOpenSortOperator, doSort, NULL, NULL, destroyOrderOperatorInfo, NULL, NULL, getExplainExecInfo);
+  pOperator->fpSet = createOperatorFpSet(doOpenSortOperator, doSort, NULL, NULL, destroyOrderOperatorInfo, NULL, NULL,
+                                         getExplainExecInfo);
 
   int32_t code = appendDownstream(pOperator, &downstream, 1);
   return pOperator;
 
-  _error:
+_error:
   pTaskInfo->code = TSDB_CODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
   taosMemoryFree(pInfo);
   taosMemoryFree(pOperator);
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ SOperatorInfo* createSortOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo* downstream, SSDataBlock* pR
 void appendOneRowToDataBlock(SSDataBlock* pBlock, STupleHandle* pTupleHandle) {
   for (int32_t i = 0; i < pBlock->info.numOfCols; ++i) {
     SColumnInfoData* pColInfo = taosArrayGet(pBlock->pDataBlock, i);
-    bool isNull = tsortIsNullVal(pTupleHandle, i);
+    bool             isNull = tsortIsNullVal(pTupleHandle, i);
     if (isNull) {
       colDataAppendNULL(pColInfo, pBlock->info.rows);
     } else {
@@ -80,7 +81,8 @@ void appendOneRowToDataBlock(SSDataBlock* pBlock, STupleHandle* pTupleHandle) {
   pBlock->info.rows += 1;
 }
 
-SSDataBlock* getSortedBlockData(SSortHandle* pHandle, SSDataBlock* pDataBlock, int32_t capacity, SArray* pColMatchInfo) {
+SSDataBlock* getSortedBlockData(SSortHandle* pHandle, SSDataBlock* pDataBlock, int32_t capacity,
+                                SArray* pColMatchInfo) {
   blockDataCleanup(pDataBlock);
   ASSERT(taosArrayGetSize(pColMatchInfo) == pDataBlock->info.numOfCols);
 
@@ -129,10 +131,11 @@ SSDataBlock* loadNextDataBlock(void* param) {
 
 // todo refactor: merged with fetch fp
 void applyScalarFunction(SSDataBlock* pBlock, void* param) {
-  SOperatorInfo* pOperator = param;
+  SOperatorInfo*     pOperator = param;
   SSortOperatorInfo* pSort = pOperator->info;
   if (pOperator->pExpr != NULL) {
-    int32_t code = projectApplyFunctions(pOperator->pExpr, pBlock, pBlock, pSort->binfo.pCtx, pOperator->numOfExprs, NULL);
+    int32_t code =
+        projectApplyFunctions(pOperator->pExpr, pBlock, pBlock, pSort->binfo.pCtx, pOperator->numOfExprs, NULL);
     if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
       longjmp(pOperator->pTaskInfo->env, code);
     }
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ void applyScalarFunction(SSDataBlock* pBlock, void* param) {
 
 int32_t doOpenSortOperator(SOperatorInfo* pOperator) {
   SSortOperatorInfo* pInfo = pOperator->info;
-  SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo = pOperator->pTaskInfo;
+  SExecTaskInfo*     pTaskInfo = pOperator->pTaskInfo;
 
   if (OPTR_IS_OPENED(pOperator)) {
     return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
@@ -150,8 +153,8 @@ int32_t doOpenSortOperator(SOperatorInfo* pOperator) {
   pInfo->startTs = taosGetTimestampUs();
 
   //  pInfo->binfo.pRes is not equalled to the input datablock.
-  pInfo->pSortHandle = tsortCreateSortHandle(pInfo->pSortInfo, pInfo->pColMatchInfo, SORT_SINGLESOURCE_SORT,
-                                             -1, -1, NULL, pTaskInfo->id.str);
+  pInfo->pSortHandle = tsortCreateSortHandle(pInfo->pSortInfo, pInfo->pColMatchInfo, SORT_SINGLESOURCE_SORT, -1, -1,
+                                             NULL, pTaskInfo->id.str);
 
   tsortSetFetchRawDataFp(pInfo->pSortHandle, loadNextDataBlock, applyScalarFunction, pOperator);
 
@@ -166,7 +169,7 @@ int32_t doOpenSortOperator(SOperatorInfo* pOperator) {
     longjmp(pTaskInfo->env, terrno);
   }
 
-  pOperator->cost.openCost = (taosGetTimestampUs() - pInfo->startTs)/1000.0;
+  pOperator->cost.openCost = (taosGetTimestampUs() - pInfo->startTs) / 1000.0;
   pOperator->status = OP_RES_TO_RETURN;
 
   OPTR_SET_OPENED(pOperator);
@@ -186,7 +189,8 @@ SSDataBlock* doSort(SOperatorInfo* pOperator) {
     longjmp(pTaskInfo->env, code);
   }
 
-  SSDataBlock* pBlock = getSortedBlockData(pInfo->pSortHandle, pInfo->binfo.pRes, pOperator->resultInfo.capacity, pInfo->pColMatchInfo);
+  SSDataBlock* pBlock =
+      getSortedBlockData(pInfo->pSortHandle, pInfo->binfo.pRes, pOperator->resultInfo.capacity, pInfo->pColMatchInfo);
 
   if (pBlock != NULL) {
     pOperator->resultInfo.totalRows += pBlock->info.rows;
@@ -208,10 +212,147 @@ int32_t getExplainExecInfo(SOperatorInfo* pOptr, void** pOptrExplain, uint32_t*
   ASSERT(pOptr != NULL);
   SSortExecInfo* pInfo = taosMemoryCalloc(1, sizeof(SSortExecInfo));
 
-  SSortOperatorInfo *pOperatorInfo = (SSortOperatorInfo*)pOptr->info;
+  SSortOperatorInfo* pOperatorInfo = (SSortOperatorInfo*)pOptr->info;
 
   *pInfo = tsortGetSortExecInfo(pOperatorInfo->pSortHandle);
   *pOptrExplain = pInfo;
   *len = sizeof(SSortExecInfo);
   return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
 }
+
+typedef struct SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo {
+  SOptrBasicInfo binfo;
+
+  int32_t  bufPageSize;
+  uint32_t sortBufSize;  // max buffer size for in-memory sort
+
+  SArray*      pSortInfo;
+  SSortHandle* pSortHandle;
+  SArray*      pColMatchInfo;  // for index map from table scan output
+
+  int64_t startTs;  // sort start time
+} SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo;
+
+int32_t doOpenMultiwaySortMergeOperator(SOperatorInfo* pOperator) {
+  SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo* pInfo = pOperator->info;
+  SExecTaskInfo*                  pTaskInfo = pOperator->pTaskInfo;
+
+  if (OPTR_IS_OPENED(pOperator)) {
+    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
+  }
+
+  pInfo->startTs = taosGetTimestampUs();
+
+  int32_t numOfBufPage = pInfo->sortBufSize / pInfo->bufPageSize;
+
+  pInfo->pSortHandle = tsortCreateSortHandle(pInfo->pSortInfo, pInfo->pColMatchInfo, SORT_MULTISOURCE_MERGE,
+                                             pInfo->bufPageSize, numOfBufPage, NULL, pTaskInfo->id.str);
+
+  tsortSetFetchRawDataFp(pInfo->pSortHandle, loadNextDataBlock, NULL, NULL);
+
+  for (int32_t i = 0; i < pOperator->numOfDownstream; ++i) {
+    SSortSource ps = {0};
+    ps.param = pOperator->pDownstream[i];
+    tsortAddSource(pInfo->pSortHandle, &ps);
+  }
+
+  int32_t code = tsortOpen(pInfo->pSortHandle);
+
+  if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
+    longjmp(pTaskInfo->env, terrno);
+  }
+
+  pOperator->cost.openCost = (taosGetTimestampUs() - pInfo->startTs) / 1000.0;
+  pOperator->status = OP_RES_TO_RETURN;
+
+  OPTR_SET_OPENED(pOperator);
+  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+SSDataBlock* doMultiwaySortMerge(SOperatorInfo* pOperator) {
+  if (pOperator->status == OP_EXEC_DONE) {
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  SExecTaskInfo*                  pTaskInfo = pOperator->pTaskInfo;
+  SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo* pInfo = pOperator->info;
+
+  int32_t code = pOperator->fpSet._openFn(pOperator);
+  if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
+    longjmp(pTaskInfo->env, code);
+  }
+
+  SSDataBlock* pBlock =
+      getSortedBlockData(pInfo->pSortHandle, pInfo->binfo.pRes, pOperator->resultInfo.capacity, pInfo->pColMatchInfo);
+
+  if (pBlock != NULL) {
+    pOperator->resultInfo.totalRows += pBlock->info.rows;
+  } else {
+    doSetOperatorCompleted(pOperator);
+  }
+  return pBlock;
+}
+
+void destroyMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo(void* param, int32_t numOfOutput) {
+  SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo * pInfo = (SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo*)param;
+  pInfo->binfo.pRes = blockDataDestroy(pInfo->binfo.pRes);
+
+  taosArrayDestroy(pInfo->pSortInfo);
+  taosArrayDestroy(pInfo->pColMatchInfo);
+}
+
+int32_t getMultiwaySortMergeExplainExecInfo(SOperatorInfo* pOptr, void** pOptrExplain, uint32_t* len) {
+  ASSERT(pOptr != NULL);
+  SSortExecInfo* pInfo = taosMemoryCalloc(1, sizeof(SSortExecInfo));
+
+  SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo* pOperatorInfo = (SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo*)pOptr->info;
+
+  *pInfo = tsortGetSortExecInfo(pOperatorInfo->pSortHandle);
+  *pOptrExplain = pInfo;
+  *len = sizeof(SSortExecInfo);
+  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+SOperatorInfo* createMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo(SOperatorInfo** downStreams, int32_t numStreams,
+                                                   SSDataBlock* pResBlock, SArray* pSortInfo, SArray* pColMatchColInfo,
+                                                   SExecTaskInfo* pTaskInfo) {
+  SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo* pInfo = taosMemoryCalloc(1, sizeof(SMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo));
+  SOperatorInfo*                  pOperator = taosMemoryCalloc(1, sizeof(SOperatorInfo));
+  int32_t                         rowSize = pResBlock->info.rowSize;
+
+  if (pInfo == NULL || pOperator == NULL || rowSize > 100 * 1024 * 1024) {
+    goto _error;
+  }
+
+  pInfo->binfo.pRes = pResBlock;
+
+  initResultSizeInfo(pOperator, 1024);
+
+  pInfo->pSortInfo = pSortInfo;
+  pInfo->pColMatchInfo = pColMatchColInfo;
+  pOperator->name = "MultiwaySortMerge";
+  pOperator->operatorType = QUERY_NODE_PHYSICAL_PLAN_MERGE;
+  pOperator->blocking = true;
+  pOperator->status = OP_NOT_OPENED;
+  pOperator->info = pInfo;
+
+  pInfo->bufPageSize = rowSize < 1024 ? 1024 : rowSize * 2;
+  pInfo->sortBufSize = pInfo->bufPageSize * 16;
+
+  pOperator->pTaskInfo = pTaskInfo;
+  pOperator->fpSet =
+      createOperatorFpSet(doOpenMultiwaySortMergeOperator, doMultiwaySortMerge, NULL, NULL,
+                          destroyMultiwaySortMergeOperatorInfo, NULL, NULL, getMultiwaySortMergeExplainExecInfo);
+
+  int32_t code = appendDownstream(pOperator, downStreams, numStreams);
+  if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
+    goto _error;
+  }
+  return pOperator;
+
+_error:
+  pTaskInfo->code = TSDB_CODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  taosMemoryFree(pInfo);
+  taosMemoryFree(pOperator);
+  return NULL;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/source/libs/index/src/indexFilter.c b/source/libs/index/src/indexFilter.c
index 2e30ca704a..db0d097d29 100644
--- a/source/libs/index/src/indexFilter.c
+++ b/source/libs/index/src/indexFilter.c
@@ -171,8 +171,10 @@ static int32_t sifInitJsonParam(SNode *node, SIFParam *param, SIFCtx *ctx) {
   param->colId = l->colId;
   param->colValType = l->node.resType.type;
   memcpy(param->dbName, l->dbName, sizeof(l->dbName));
-
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-overflow"
   sprintf(param->colName, "%s_%s", l->colName, r->literal);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
   param->colValType = r->typeData;
   return 0;
   // memcpy(param->colName, l->colName, sizeof(l->colName));