docs: add password tutorial for all components (#30253)
Close [TS-6000](https://jira.taosdata.com:18080/browse/TS-6000)
This commit is contained in:
Linhe Huo
GitHub
parent
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---
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title: Usage of Special Characters in Passwords
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description: Usage of special characters in user passwords in TDengine
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---
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import Tabs from "@theme/Tabs";
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import TabItem from "@theme/TabItem";
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TDengine user passwords must meet the following rules:
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1. The username must not exceed 23 bytes.
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2. The password length must be between 8 and 255 characters.
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3. The range of password characters:
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1. Uppercase letters: `A-Z`
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2. Lowercase letters: `a-z`
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3. Numbers: `0-9`
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4. Special characters: `! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) - _ + = [ ] { } : ; > < ? | ~ , .`
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4. When strong password is enabled (EnableStrongPassword 1, enabled by default), the password must contain at least three of the following categories: uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. When not enabled, there are no restrictions on character types.
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## Usage Guide for Special Characters in Different Components
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Take the username `user1` and password `Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}` as an example.
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```sql
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CREATE USER user1 PASS 'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}';
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```
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<Tabs defaultValue="shell" groupId="component">
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<TabItem label="CLI" value="shell">
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In the [TDengine Command Line Interface (CLI)](../../tdengine-reference/tools/tdengine-cli/), note the following:
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- If the `-p` parameter is used without a password, you will be prompted to enter a password, and any acceptable characters can be entered.
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- If the `-p` parameter is used with a password, and the password contains special characters, single quotes must be used.
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Login with user `user1`:
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```shell
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taos -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}'
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taos -u user1 -pAb1\!\@\#\$\%\^\&\*\(\)\-\_\+\=\[\]\{\}
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="taosdump" value="taosdump">
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In [taosdump](../../tdengine-reference/tools/taosdump/), note the following:
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- If the `-p` parameter is used without a password, you will be prompted to enter a password, and any acceptable characters can be entered.
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- If the `-p` parameter is used with a password, and the password contains special characters, single quotes or escaping must be used.
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Backup database `test` with user `user1`:
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```shell
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taosdump -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' -D test
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taosdump -u user1 -pAb1\!\@\#\$\%\^\&\*\(\)\-\_\+\=\[\]\{\} -D test
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="taosBenchmark" value="benchmark">
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In [taosBenchmark](../../tdengine-reference/tools/taosbenchmark/), note the following:
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- If the `-p` parameter is used without a password, you will be prompted to enter a password, and any acceptable characters can be entered.
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- If the `-p` parameter is used with a password, and the password contains special characters, single quotes or escaping must be used.
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Example of data write test with user `user1`:
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```shell
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taosBenchmark -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' -d test -y
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```
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When using `taosBenchmark -f <JSON>`, there are no restrictions on the password in the JSON file.
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="taosX" value="taosx">
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[taosX](../../tdengine-reference/components/taosx/) uses DSN to represent TDengine connections, in the format: `(taos|tmq)[+ws]://<user>:<pass>@<ip>:<port>`, where `<pass>` can contain special characters, such as: `taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@192.168.10.10:6041`.
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Example of exporting data with user `user1`:
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```shell
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taosx -f 'taos://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6030?query=select * from test.t1' -t 'csv:./test.csv'
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```
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Note that if the password can be URL decoded, the URL decoded result will be used as the password. For example: `taos+ws://user1:Ab1%21%40%23%24%25%5E%26%2A%28%29-_%2B%3D%5B%5D%7B%7D@localhost:6041` is equivalent to `taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6041`.
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Explorer" value="explorer">
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No special handling is required in [Explorer](../../tdengine-reference/components/taosexplorer/), just use it directly.
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Java" value="java">
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When using special character passwords in JDBC, the password needs to be URL encoded, as shown below:
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```java
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package com.taosdata.example;
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import java.sql.Connection;
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import java.sql.DriverManager;
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import java.sql.SQLException;
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import java.util.Properties;
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import java.net.URLEncoder;
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import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
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import com.taosdata.jdbc.TSDBDriver;
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public class JdbcPassDemo {
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public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
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String password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}";
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String encodedPassword = URLEncoder.encode(password, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
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String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:TAOS-WS://localhost:6041";
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Properties connProps = new Properties();
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connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_USER, "user1");
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connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_PASSWORD, encodedPassword);
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connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_ENABLE_AUTO_RECONNECT, "true");
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connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_CHARSET, "UTF-8");
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connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_TIME_ZONE, "UTC-8");
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try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, connProps)) {
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System.out.println("Connected to " + jdbcUrl + " successfully.");
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// you can use the connection for execute SQL here
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} catch (Exception ex) {
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// please refer to the JDBC specifications for detailed exceptions info
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System.out.printf("Failed to connect to %s, %sErrMessage: %s%n",
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jdbcUrl,
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ex instanceof SQLException ? "ErrCode: " + ((SQLException) ex).getErrorCode() + ", " : "",
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ex.getMessage());
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// Print stack trace for context in examples. Use logging in production.
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ex.printStackTrace();
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throw ex;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Python" value="python">
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No special handling is required for special character passwords in Python, as shown below:
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```python
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import taos
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import taosws
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def create_connection():
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host = "localhost"
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port = 6030
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return taos.connect(
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user="user1",
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password="Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}",
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host=host,
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port=port,
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)
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def create_ws_connection():
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host = "localhost"
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port = 6041
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return taosws.connect(
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user="user1",
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password="Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}",
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host=host,
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port=port,
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)
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def show_databases(conn):
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cursor = conn.cursor()
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cursor.execute("show databases")
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print(cursor.fetchall())
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cursor.close()
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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print("Connect with native protocol")
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conn = create_connection()
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show_databases(conn)
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print("Connect with websocket protocol")
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conn = create_ws_connection()
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show_databases(conn)
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Go" value="go">
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Starting from version 3.6.0, Go supports passwords containing special characters, which need to be encoded using encodeURIComponent.
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"database/sql"
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"fmt"
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"log"
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"net/url"
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_ "github.com/taosdata/driver-go/v3/taosWS"
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)
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func main() {
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var user = "user1"
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var password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}"
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var encodedPassword = url.QueryEscape(password)
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var taosDSN = user + ":" + encodedPassword + "@ws(localhost:6041)/"
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taos, err := sql.Open("taosWS", taosDSN)
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if err != nil {
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log.Fatalln("Failed to connect to " + taosDSN + "; ErrMessage: " + err.Error())
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}
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fmt.Println("Connected to " + taosDSN + " successfully.")
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defer taos.Close()
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}
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Rust" value="rust">
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In Rust, DSN is used to represent TDengine connections, in the format: `(taos|tmq)[+ws]://<user>:<pass>@<ip>:<port>`, where `<pass>` can contain special characters, such as: `taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@192.168.10.10:6041`.
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```rust
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let dsn = "taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6041";
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let connection = TaosBuilder::from_dsn(&dsn)?.build().await?;
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Node.js" value="node">
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```js
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const taos = require("@tdengine/websocket");
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let dsn = 'ws://localhost:6041';
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async function createConnect() {
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try {
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let conf = new taos.WSConfig(dsn);
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conf.setUser('user1');
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conf.setPwd('Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}');
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conf.setDb('test');
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conn = await taos.sqlConnect(conf);
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console.log("Connected to " + dsn + " successfully.");
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return conn;
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} catch (err) {
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console.log("Failed to connect to " + dsn + ", ErrCode: " + err.code + ", ErrMessage: " + err.message);
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throw err;
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}
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}
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createConnect()
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="C#" value="csharp">
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When using passwords in C#, note that connection strings do not support semicolons (as semicolons are delimiters). In this case, you can construct the `ConnectionStringBuilder` without a password, and then set the username and password.
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As shown below:
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```csharp
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var builder = new ConnectionStringBuilder("host=localhost;port=6030");
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builder.Username = "user1";
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builder.Password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}";
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using (var client = DbDriver.Open(builder)){}
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="C" value="c">
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There are no restrictions on passwords in C.
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```c
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TAOS *taos = taos_connect("localhost", "user1", "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}", NULL, 6030);
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="REST API" value="rest">
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When using passwords in REST API, note the following:
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- Passwords use Basic Auth, in the format `Authorization: Basic base64(<user>:<pass>)`.
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- Passwords containing colons `:` are not supported.
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The following two methods are equivalent:
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```shell
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curl -u'user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' -d 'show databases' http://localhost:6041/rest/sql
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curl -H 'Authorization: Basic dXNlcjE6QWIxIUAjJCVeJiooKS1fKz1bXXt9' -d 'show databases' http://localhost:6041/rest/sql
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
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---
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title: 密码中特殊字符的使用
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description: TDengine 用户密码中特殊字符的使用
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---
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import Tabs from "@theme/Tabs";
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import TabItem from "@theme/TabItem";
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TDengine 用户密码需满足以下规则：
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1. 用户名最长不超过 23 个字节。
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2. 密码长度必须为 8 到 255 位。
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3. 密码字符的取值范围
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1. 大写字母：`A-Z`
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2. 小写字母：`a-z`
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3. 数字：`0-9`
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4. 特殊字符： `! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) - _ + = [ ] { } : ; > < ? | ~ , .`
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4. 强密码启用（EnableStrongPassword 1，默认开启）时，至少包含大写字母、小写字母、数字、特殊字符中的三类，不启用时，字符种类不做约束。
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## 各组件特殊字符使用指南
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以用户名 `user1`，密码 `Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}` 为例。
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```sql
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CREATE USER user1 PASS 'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}';
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```
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<Tabs defaultValue="shell" groupId="component">
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<TabItem label="CLI" value="shell">
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在 [TDengine 命令行客户端（CLI）](../../reference/tools/taos-cli/) 中使用需要注意以下几点：
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- 使用参数 `-p` 后不带密码，会提示输入密码，可输入任意可接收字符。
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- 使用参数 `-p` 后带密码，如果密码中包含特殊字符，需使用单引号。
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使用用户 `user1` 登录：
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```shell
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taos -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}'
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taos -u user1 -pAb1\!\@\#\$\%\^\&\*\(\)\-\_\+\=\[\]\{\}
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="taosdump" value="taosdump">
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在 [taosdump](../../reference/tools/taosdump/) 中使用需要注意以下几点：
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- 使用参数 `-p` 后不带密码，会提示输入密码，可输入任意可接收字符。
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- 使用参数 `-p` 后带密码，如果密码中包含特殊字符，需使用单引号或进行转义。
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使用用户 `user1` 备份数据库 `test`：
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```shell
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taosdump -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' -D test
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taosdump -u user1 -pAb1\!\@\#\$\%\^\&\*\(\)\-\_\+\=\[\]\{\} -D test
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="taosBenchmark" value="benchmark">
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在 [taosBenchmark](../../reference/tools/taosbenchmark/) 中使用需要注意以下几点：
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- 使用参数 `-p` 后不带密码，会提示输入密码，可输入任意可接收字符。
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- 使用参数 `-p` 后带密码，如果密码中包含特殊字符，需使用单引号或进行转义。
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使用用户 `user1` 进行数据写入测试示例如下：
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```shell
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taosBenchmark -u user1 -p'Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' -d test -y
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```
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使用 `taosBenchmark -f <JSON>` 方式时，JSON 文件中密码使用无限制。
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="taosX" value="taosx">
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[taosX](../../reference/components/taosx/) 使用 DSN 表示 TDengine 连接，使用如下格式：`(taos|tmq)[+ws]://<user>:<pass>@<ip>:<port>`，其中 `<pass>` 可以包含特殊字符，如：`taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@192.168.10.10:6041`。
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使用用户 `user1` 导出数据示例如下：
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```shell
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taosx -f 'taos://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6030?query=select * from test.t1' -t 'csv:./test.csv'
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```
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需要注意的是，如果密码可被 URL decode，则会使用 URL decoded 结果作为密码。如：`taos+ws://user1:Ab1%21%40%23%24%25%5E%26%2A%28%29-_%2B%3D%5B%5D%7B%7D@localhost:6041` 与 `taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6041` 是等价的。
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Explorer" value="explorer">
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在 [Explorer](../../reference/components/explorer/) 中无需特殊处理，直接使用即可。
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem label="Java" value="java">
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在 JDBC 中使用特殊字符密码时，密码需要通过 URL 编码，示例如下：
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```java
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package com.taosdata.example;
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import java.sql.Connection;
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import java.sql.DriverManager;
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import java.sql.SQLException;
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import java.util.Properties;
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import java.net.URLEncoder;
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import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
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import com.taosdata.jdbc.TSDBDriver;
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public class JdbcPassDemo {
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public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
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String password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}";
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String encodedPassword = URLEncoder.encode(password, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.toString());
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String jdbcUrl = "jdbc:TAOS-WS://localhost:6041";
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Properties connProps = new Properties();
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connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_USER, "user1");
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connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_PASSWORD, encodedPassword);
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connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_ENABLE_AUTO_RECONNECT, "true");
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||||
connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_CHARSET, "UTF-8");
|
||||
connProps.setProperty(TSDBDriver.PROPERTY_KEY_TIME_ZONE, "UTC-8");
|
||||
|
||||
try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcUrl, connProps)) {
|
||||
System.out.println("Connected to " + jdbcUrl + " successfully.");
|
||||
|
||||
// you can use the connection for execute SQL here
|
||||
|
||||
} catch (Exception ex) {
|
||||
// please refer to the JDBC specifications for detailed exceptions info
|
||||
System.out.printf("Failed to connect to %s, %sErrMessage: %s%n",
|
||||
jdbcUrl,
|
||||
ex instanceof SQLException ? "ErrCode: " + ((SQLException) ex).getErrorCode() + ", " : "",
|
||||
ex.getMessage());
|
||||
// Print stack trace for context in examples. Use logging in production.
|
||||
ex.printStackTrace();
|
||||
throw ex;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
</TabItem>
|
||||
<TabItem label="Python" value="python">
|
||||
|
||||
在 Python 中使用特殊字符密码无需特殊处理，示例如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```python
|
||||
import taos
|
||||
import taosws
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def create_connection():
|
||||
host = "localhost"
|
||||
port = 6030
|
||||
return taos.connect(
|
||||
user="user1",
|
||||
password="Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}",
|
||||
host=host,
|
||||
port=port,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
def create_ws_connection():
|
||||
host = "localhost"
|
||||
port = 6041
|
||||
return taosws.connect(
|
||||
user="user1",
|
||||
password="Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}",
|
||||
host=host,
|
||||
port=port,
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def show_databases(conn):
|
||||
cursor = conn.cursor()
|
||||
cursor.execute("show databases")
|
||||
print(cursor.fetchall())
|
||||
cursor.close()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||||
print("Connect with native protocol")
|
||||
conn = create_connection()
|
||||
show_databases(conn)
|
||||
print("Connect with websocket protocol")
|
||||
conn = create_ws_connection()
|
||||
show_databases(conn)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
</TabItem>
|
||||
|
||||
<TabItem label="Go" value="go">
|
||||
|
||||
从 3.6.0 版本开始，Go 语言中支持密码中包含特殊字符，使用时需要 encodeURIComponent 编码。
|
||||
|
||||
```go
|
||||
package main
|
||||
|
||||
import (
|
||||
"database/sql"
|
||||
"fmt"
|
||||
"log"
|
||||
"net/url"
|
||||
|
||||
_ "github.com/taosdata/driver-go/v3/taosWS"
|
||||
)
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
var user = "user1"
|
||||
var password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}"
|
||||
var encodedPassword = url.QueryEscape(password)
|
||||
var taosDSN = user + ":" + encodedPassword + "@ws(localhost:6041)/"
|
||||
taos, err := sql.Open("taosWS", taosDSN)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
log.Fatalln("Failed to connect to " + taosDSN + "; ErrMessage: " + err.Error())
|
||||
}
|
||||
fmt.Println("Connected to " + taosDSN + " successfully.")
|
||||
defer taos.Close()
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
</TabItem>
|
||||
|
||||
<TabItem label="Rust" value="rust">
|
||||
|
||||
Rust 中使用 DSN 表示 TDengine 连接，使用如下格式：`(taos|tmq)[+ws]://<user>:<pass>@<ip>:<port>`，其中 `<pass>` 可以包含特殊字符，如：`taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@192.168.10.10:6041`。
|
||||
|
||||
```rust
|
||||
let dsn = "taos+ws://user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}@localhost:6041";
|
||||
let connection = TaosBuilder::from_dsn(&dsn)?.build().await?;
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
</TabItem>
|
||||
<TabItem label="Node.js" value="node">
|
||||
|
||||
```js
|
||||
const taos = require("@tdengine/websocket");
|
||||
|
||||
let dsn = 'ws://localhost:6041';
|
||||
async function createConnect() {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
let conf = new taos.WSConfig(dsn);
|
||||
conf.setUser('user1');
|
||||
conf.setPwd('Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}');
|
||||
conf.setDb('test');
|
||||
conn = await taos.sqlConnect(conf);
|
||||
console.log("Connected to " + dsn + " successfully.");
|
||||
return conn;
|
||||
} catch (err) {
|
||||
console.log("Failed to connect to " + dsn + ", ErrCode: " + err.code + ", ErrMessage: " + err.message);
|
||||
throw err;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
createConnect()
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
</TabItem>
|
||||
<TabItem label="C#" value="csharp">
|
||||
|
||||
在 C# 中使用密码时，需要注意：使用连接字符串时，不支持分号（因分号为分隔符）；此时可使用不带密码的字符串构建 `ConnectionStringBuilder`，之后再设置用户名和密码。
|
||||
|
||||
示例如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```csharp
|
||||
var builder = new ConnectionStringBuilder("host=localhost;port=6030");
|
||||
builder.Username = "user1";
|
||||
builder.Password = "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}";
|
||||
using (var client = DbDriver.Open(builder)){}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
</TabItem>
|
||||
<TabItem label="C" value="c">
|
||||
|
||||
C 语言中使用密码无限制。
|
||||
|
||||
```c
|
||||
TAOS *taos = taos_connect("localhost", "user1", "Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}", NULL, 6030);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
</TabItem>
|
||||
<TabItem label="REST API" value="rest">
|
||||
|
||||
REST API 中使用密码时，需要注意以下几点：
|
||||
|
||||
- 密码使用 Basic Auth，格式为 `Authorization: Basic base64(<user>:<pass>)`。
|
||||
- 不支持密码中包含冒号 `:`。
|
||||
|
||||
以下两种方式等价：
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
curl -u'user1:Ab1!@#$%^&*()-_+=[]{}' -d 'show databases' http://localhost:6041/rest/sql
|
||||
curl -H 'Authorization: Basic dXNlcjE6QWIxIUAjJCVeJiooKS1fKz1bXXt9' -d 'show databases' http://localhost:6041/rest/sql
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
</TabItem>
|
||||
</Tabs>
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue