diff --git a/nasal_builtin.h b/nasal_builtin.h
index 4d6fb3e..69243ca 100644
--- a/nasal_builtin.h
+++ b/nasal_builtin.h
@@ -91,14 +91,11 @@ nas_ref builtin_fin(nas_ref* local,nasal_gc& gc)
     nas_ref val=local[1];
     if(val.type!=vm_str)
         return nas_err("io.fin","\"filename\" must be string");
-    std::ifstream fin(val.str());
+    std::ifstream fin(val.str(),std::ios::binary);
+    std::stringstream rd;
     if(!fin.fail())
-    {
-        std::stringstream rd;
         rd<<fin.rdbuf();
-        return gc.newstr(rd.str());
-    }
-    return nas_err("io.fin","cannot open <"+val.str()+">");
+    return gc.newstr(rd.str());
 }
 nas_ref builtin_fout(nas_ref* local,nasal_gc& gc)
 {
diff --git a/stl/stack.nas b/stl/stack.nas
index c4bef1e..3e6a14b 100644
--- a/stl/stack.nas
+++ b/stl/stack.nas
@@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
 # stack.nas
 # valkmjolnir 2021/3/31
 var stack=func(){
-    var next=nil;
+    var vec=[];
     return{
         push:func(elem){
-            next={elem:elem,next:next};
+            append(vec,elem);
         },
         pop:func(){
-            if(next!=nil)
-                next=next.next;
+            return pop(vec);
         },
         top:func(){
-            if(next!=nil)
-                return next.elem;
+            if(size(vec)!=0)
+                return vec[-1];
         },
         clear:func(){
-            next=nil;
+            vec=[];
         },
         empty:func(){
-            return next==nil;
+            return size(vec)==0;
         }
     };
 }
diff --git a/test/calc.nas b/test/calc.nas
index a4d221a..dd5c232 100644
--- a/test/calc.nas
+++ b/test/calc.nas
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ var getname=func(s){
 }
 
 var count=func(s,c){
-    var (cnt,len,ch)=(0,size(s),c[0]);
-    for(var i=0;i<len;i+=1)
-        cnt+=(s[i]==ch);
+    var cnt=0;
+    foreach(var i;split(c,s))
+        cnt+=(size(i)!=0 and i!="\r")
     return cnt;
 }