📝 update release notes and tutorials
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ValKmjolnir
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README.md
96
README.md
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@ -261,6 +261,30 @@ var (a,b,c)=[0,1,2]; # define multiple variables from a vector
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var (a,b,c)=(0,1,2); # define multiple variables from a tuple
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```
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Nasal has many special global symbols:
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```javascript
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globals; # hashmap including all global symbols and their values
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arg; # in global scope, arg is the command line arguments
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# in local scope, arg is the dynamic arguments of this function call
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```
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For example:
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```javascript
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var a = 1;
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println(globals); # will print {a:1}
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```
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```javascript
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# nasal a b c
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println(arg); # will print ["a", "b", "c"]
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func() {
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println(arg);
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}(1, 2, 3); # will print [1, 2, 3]
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```
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</details>
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<details><summary> Multi-assignment </summary>
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@ -767,6 +791,62 @@ If get this, Congratulations!
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</details>
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<details><summary> Ghost Type(for lib developers) </summary>
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It's quite easy to create a new ghost by yourself now.
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Look at the example below:
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```c++
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const auto ghost_for_test = "ghost_for_test";
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// declare destructor for ghost type
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void ghost_for_test_destructor(void* ptr) {
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std::cout << "ghost_for_test::destructor (0x";
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std::cout << std::hex << reinterpret_cast<u64>(ptr) << std::dec << ") {\n";
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delete static_cast<u32*>(ptr);
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std::cout << " delete 0x" << std::hex;
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std::cout << reinterpret_cast<u64>(ptr) << std::dec << ";\n";
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std::cout << "}\n";
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}
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var create_new_ghost(var* args, usize size, gc* ngc) {
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var res = ngc->alloc(vm_obj);
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// create ghost type
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res.obj().set(ghost_for_test, ghost_for_test_destructor, new u32);
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return res;
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}
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var print_new_ghost(var* args, usize size, gc* ngc) {
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var res = args[0];
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// check ghost type by the type name
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if (!res.objchk(ghost_for_test)) {
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std::cout << "print_new_ghost: not ghost for test type.\n";
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return nil;
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}
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std::cout << "print_new_ghost: " << res.obj() << " result = "
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<< *((u32*)res.obj().ptr) << "\n";
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return nil;
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}
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```
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We use this function to create a new ghost type:
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`void nas_ghost::set(const std::string&, nasal::nas_ghost::destructor, void*);`
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`const std::string&` is the name of the ghost type.
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`nasal::nas_ghost::destructor` is the pointer of the destructor of the ghost type.
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`void*` is the pointer of the ghost type instance.
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And we use this function to check if value is the correct ghost type:
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`bool var::objchk(const std::string&);`
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The parameter is the name of the ghost type.
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</details>
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## __Difference Between Andy's and This Interpreter__
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@ -1018,3 +1098,19 @@ We added experimental repl interpreter in v11.0.
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Use this command to use the repl interpreter:
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> nasal -r
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Then enjoy!
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```bash
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[nasal-repl] Initializating enviroment...
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[nasal-repl] Initialization complete.
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Nasal REPL interpreter version 11.0 (Oct 7 2023 17:28:31)
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.h, .help | show help
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.e, .exit | quit the REPL
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.q, .quit | quit the REPL
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.c, .clear | clear the screen
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.s, .source | show source code
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>>>
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```
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@ -247,6 +247,30 @@ var (a,b,c)=[0,1,2]; # 从数组中初始化多个变量
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var (a,b,c)=(0,1,2); # 从元组中初始化多个变量
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```
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Nasal 有很多特别的全局变量：
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```javascript
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globals; # 包含所有全局声明变量名和对应数据的哈希表
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arg; # 在全局作用域，arg 是包含命令行参数的数组
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# 在局部作用域，arg 是函数调用时的动态参数数组
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```
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具体实例：
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```javascript
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var a = 1;
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println(globals); # 输出 {a:1}
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```
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```javascript
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# nasal a b c
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println(arg); # 输出 ["a", "b", "c"]
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func() {
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println(arg);
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}(1, 2, 3); # 输出 [1, 2, 3]
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```
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</details>
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<details><summary>多变量赋值</summary>
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@ -741,6 +765,61 @@ dylib.dlclose(dlhandle.lib);
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</details>
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<details><summary> 自定义类型(开发者教程) </summary>
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创建一个自定义类型现在不是很困难。下面是使用示例：
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```c++
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const auto ghost_for_test = "ghost_for_test";
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// 声明自定义类型的析构函数
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void ghost_for_test_destructor(void* ptr) {
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std::cout << "ghost_for_test::destructor (0x";
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std::cout << std::hex << reinterpret_cast<u64>(ptr) << std::dec << ") {\n";
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delete static_cast<u32*>(ptr);
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std::cout << " delete 0x" << std::hex;
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std::cout << reinterpret_cast<u64>(ptr) << std::dec << ";\n";
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std::cout << "}\n";
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}
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var create_new_ghost(var* args, usize size, gc* ngc) {
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var res = ngc->alloc(vm_obj);
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// 创建自定义类型
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res.obj().set(ghost_for_test, ghost_for_test_destructor, new u32);
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return res;
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}
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var print_new_ghost(var* args, usize size, gc* ngc) {
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var res = args[0];
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// 用自定义类型的名字来检查是否是正确的自定义类型
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if (!res.objchk(ghost_for_test)) {
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std::cout << "print_new_ghost: not ghost for test type.\n";
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return nil;
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}
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std::cout << "print_new_ghost: " << res.obj() << " result = "
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<< *((u32*)res.obj().ptr) << "\n";
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return nil;
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}
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```
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我们使用下面这个函数来创建一个自定义类型：
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`void nas_ghost::set(const std::string&, nasal::nas_ghost::destructor, void*);`
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`const std::string&` 是自定义类型的类型名。
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`nasal::nas_ghost::destructor` 是自定义类型的析构函数指针。
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`void*` 是指向自定义类型实例的指针。
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我们使用下面的这个函数检测是否是正确的自定义类型：
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`bool var::objchk(const std::string&);`
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参数是自定义类型的类型名。
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</details>
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## __与andy解释器的不同之处__
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@ -982,3 +1061,19 @@ vm stack (0x7fffd0259138 <sp+65>, limit 10, total 7)
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v11.0 版本新增了交互式解释器 (REPL)，使用如下命令开启：
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> nasal -r
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接下来就可以随便玩了~
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```bash
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[nasal-repl] Initializating enviroment...
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[nasal-repl] Initialization complete.
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Nasal REPL interpreter version 11.0 (Oct 7 2023 17:28:31)
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.h, .help | show help
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.e, .exit | quit the REPL
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.q, .quit | quit the REPL
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.c, .clear | clear the screen
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.s, .source | show source code
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>>>
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```
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35
doc/dev.md
35
doc/dev.md
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@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
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* [v2.0](#version-20-ast-last-update-2020831)
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* [v3.0](#version-30-ast-last-update-20201023)
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* [v5.0](#version-50-ast-last-update-202137)
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* [v11.0](#version-110-ast-latest)
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* [__Bytecode VM__](#bytecode-virtual-machine)
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* [v4.0](#version-40-vm-last-update-20201217)
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* [v5.0](#version-50-vm-last-update-202137)
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@ -17,8 +18,10 @@
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* [v7.0](#version-70-vm-last-update-2021108)
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* [v8.0](#version-80-vm-last-update-2022212)
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* [v9.0](#version-90-vm-last-update-2022518)
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* [v10.0](#version-100-vm-latest)
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* [v10.0](#version-100-vm-last-update-2022816)
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* [__Release Notes__](#release-notes)
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* [v8.0](#version-80-release)
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* [v11.0](#version-110-release)
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## __Parser__
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@ -97,6 +100,10 @@ AST interpreter leaves me too much things to do.
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If i continue saving this interpreter,
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it will be harder for me to make the bytecode vm become more efficient.
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### version 11.0 ast (latest)
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Change ast framework. Now we use visitor pattern.
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## __Bytecode Virtual Machine__
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@ -513,7 +520,7 @@ func <0x2a3>:
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0x000002aa: 0c 00 00 00 6a happ 0x6a ("dlsym")
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```
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### version 10.0 vm (latest)
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### version 10.0 vm (last update 2022/8/16)
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2022/5/19 update:
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@ -664,7 +671,29 @@ If do not change this line, only the debugger runs abnormally. this bug is fixed
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Another bug is that in `nasal_err.h:class nasal_err`, we should add a constructor for this class:
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```C++
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nasal_err():error(0){}
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nasal_err(): error(0) {}
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```
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This bug is fixed in `v9.0`. So we suggest that do not use `v8.0`.
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### __version 11.0 release__
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1. Use C++ `std=c++17`.
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2. Change framework of ast, using visitor pattern.
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3. New ast structure dump info format.
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4. Change the way of module export, split library into different modules. Symbols begin with `_` will not be exported.
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5. Change `stl` to `std`.
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6. Add REPL interpreter.
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7. Improve structure of virtual machine, split global symbol stack(stores global symbols' values) and value stack(using in process).
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8. Delete operand `op_intg`, add operand `op_repl`.
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9. Add `CMakeLists.txt` for cmake user(including `Visual Studio`).
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10. New ghost type register process.
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@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
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* [v2.0](#version-20-ast-last-update-2020831)
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* [v3.0](#version-30-ast-last-update-20201023)
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* [v5.0](#version-50-ast-last-update-202137)
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* [v11.0](#version-110-ast-latest)
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* [__字节码虚拟机__](#字节码虚拟机)
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* [v4.0](#version-40-vm-last-update-20201217)
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* [v5.0](#version-50-vm-last-update-202137)
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@ -17,8 +18,10 @@
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* [v7.0](#version-70-vm-last-update-2021108)
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* [v8.0](#version-80-vm-last-update-2022212)
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* [v9.0](#version-90-vm-last-update-2022518)
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* [v10.0](#version-100-vm-latest)
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* [v10.0](#version-100-vm-last-update-2022816)
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* [__发行日志__](#发行日志)
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* [v8.0](#version-80-release)
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* [v11.0](#version-110-release)
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## __语法分析__
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@ -89,6 +92,10 @@ __该项目于2019/7/25正式开始__。
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我改变想法了，树解释器给维护带来了太大的麻烦。如果想继续保留这个解释器，那么为了兼容性，字节码虚拟机的优化工作会更难推进。
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### version 11.0 ast (latest)
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改变了语法树的设计模式，采用访问者模式。
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## __字节码虚拟机__
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@ -458,7 +465,7 @@ func <0x2a3>:
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0x000002aa: 0c 00 00 00 6a happ 0x6a ("dlsym")
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```
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### version 10.0 vm (latest)
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### version 10.0 vm (last update 2022/8/16)
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2022/5/19 update:
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@ -597,7 +604,29 @@ in __`nasal_dbg.h:215`__: `auto canary=gc.stack+STACK_MAX_DEPTH-1;`
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另外一个bug在 `nasal_err.h:class nasal_err`这边，要给这个类添加一个构造函数来进行初始化，否则会出问题:
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```C++
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nasal_err():error(0){}
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nasal_err(): error(0) {}
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```
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同样这个也在`v9.0`中修复了。所以我们建议不要使用`v8.0`。
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### __version 11.0 release__
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1. 使用C++标准 `std=c++17`。
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2. 改变语法树设计模式，采用访问者模式。
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3. 全新的语法树结构输出格式。
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4. 改变了导出模块的方式，把主要的库分成了多个模块。以`_`开头的变量不会被导出。
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5. 文件夹`stl`更名为`std`。
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6. 添加交互式解释器 (REPL)。
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7. 优化虚拟机结构, 将全局数据栈 (存储全局变量的数据) 和操作数据栈 (用于运算) 分离。
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8. 删除`op_intg`指令，添加`op_repl`指令。
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9. 添加`CMakeLists.txt` (可在`Visual Studio`中使用)。
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10. 全新的自定义类型注册流程。
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