modify web about lian framework
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多数嵌入式操作系统，应具备传输多种网络协议数据的能力，但是网络协议种类繁多，为每种协议都开放单独的接口，势必会增加操作系统使用者的开发负担，亦不利于嵌入式操作系统的普及与推广。
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XiUOS网络框架采用以网络适配器为中心的抽象方式，发送与接收数据时，只需要像Linux socket网络通信一样，仅关注发送与接收的数据，而不用把重点放在所使用的具体协议上。这种抽象方式有效屏蔽了种类繁多的网络协议细节，对外提供统一的网络接口，简化了基于嵌入式操作系统的网络开发。网络框架对各类协议的网络设备进行了抽象：
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* 一个网络协议设备，被抽象为一个xs_Adapter
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* 一个网络协议设备，被抽象为一个Adapter
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xs_Adapter可以被设计为采用类似面向对象的方法，针对不同的网络协议，扩展其数据成员与接口，从而为种类繁多的网络协议实现统一的管理架构。在网络应用开发的过程中，只需要使用对应网络协议的xs_Adapter实例，而无需关心网络协议的硬件细节，从而实现了网络数据收发功能与底层硬件的解耦。
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Adapter可以被设计为采用类似面向对象的方法，针对不同的网络协议，扩展其数据成员与接口，从而为种类繁多的网络协议实现统一的管理架构。在网络应用开发的过程中，只需要使用对应网络协议的Adapter实例，而无需关心网络协议的硬件细节，从而实现了网络数据收发功能与底层硬件的解耦。
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<center>
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<img src="./imagesrc/lian.png" width="110%"/>
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</center>
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## 1. XiUOS网络框架关键数据结构定义和解析
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* struct xs_Adapter结构
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* struct Adapter结构
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```c
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struct xs_Adapter
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struct Adapter
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{
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const char name[XS_NAME_MAX]; /* name of the adapter instance */
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enum xs_AdapterType type; /* type of adapter, such as lora adapter */
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xs_AdapterInfo info; /* adapter model info, such as vendor name and model name */
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struct xs_AdapterOps ops; /* socket-like APIs for data transferring */
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struct xs_AdapterInterface interface; /* physical interface for transferring data */
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struct XS_DOUBLE_LINKLIST_NODE link; /* link list node */
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enum AdapterType type; /* type of adapter, such as lora adapter */
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enum NetRoleType net_role_type;
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enum MeshType mesh_type;
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struct AdapterDone done; /* socket-like APIs for data transferring */
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struct SysDoubleLinklistNode link; /* link list node */
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};
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```
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name成员是一个可读的名字，用于唯一标识一个xs_Adapter结构。type成员表示该xs_Adapter所使用的网络协议，用一个枚举变量表示：
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AdapterType用于表示网络类型，比如WiFi，Ethernet。
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```c
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enum xs_AdapterType {
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XS_ADAPTER_LORA = 0, /* Lora */
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XS_ADAPTER_4G , /* 4G */
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enum AdapterType {
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ADAPTER_LORA = 0, /* Lora */
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ADAPTER_4G , /* 4G */
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/* ...... */
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XS_ADAPTER_WIFI , /* Wifi */
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ADAPTER_WIFI , /* Wifi */
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};
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```
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info成员包含此网络设备的基础信息，如厂家名vendor与型号product_model。
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NetRoleType表示Adapter作为什么身份参与网络构建。
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```c
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enum NetRoleType{
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ROLE_TYPE_SLAVE = 1,
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ROLE_TYPE_MASTER,
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ROLE_TYPE_NONE,
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};
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```
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MeshType成员表示该mesh_type是否使用自组网络协议，用一个枚举变量表示。
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```c
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enum MeshType{
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NET_P2P = 0,
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NET_ADHOC_SINGLE_GROUP,
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NET_ADHOC_MULTI_GROUP,
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};
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```
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AdapterDone成员包含统一的、类似文件系统的API，用于对网络适配器进行实际的数据读写。在使用一个网络适配器前后需要打开（NetAiitOpen）/关闭（NetAiitClose）该网络适配器，NetAiitSend、NetAiitReceive分别用与从网络适配器接收数据与向网络适配器发送数据，NetAiitIoctl用于配置Adapter属性：
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```c
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struct xs_AdapterInfo{
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const char *vendor;
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const char *product_model;
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struct AdapterDone {
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void (*NetAiitClose)(struct Adapter *padapter);
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int (*NetAiitOpen)(struct Adapter *padapter);
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int (*NetAiitJoin)(struct Adapter *padapter, int dev_type, char* net_id);
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int (*NetAiitSend)(struct Adapter *padapter, const char* data, int len, bool block, int time_out, int delay, send_success cb, void* param, void* reserved);
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int (*NetAiitReceive)(struct Adapter *padapter, char* rev_buffer, int buffer_len,int time_out, bool block, void* reserved);
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int (*NetAiitIoctl)(struct Adapter *padapter, int cmd, void *arg);
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};
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```
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ops成员包含统一的、类似文件系统的API，用于对网络适配器进行实际的数据读写。在使用一个网络适配器前后需要打开（open）/关闭（close）该网络适配器，send、receive分别用与从网络适配器接收数据与向网络适配器发送数据，ioctl用于配置Adapter属性：
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```c
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struct xs_AdapterOps {
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int (*open)(struct xs_Adapter *sadapter);
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void (*close)(struct xs_Adapter *sadapter);
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int (*join)(struct xs_Adapter *sadapter,int net_type, int dev_type, int net_number);
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int (*send)(struct xs_Adapter *sadapter, const char* data, int len, int des_dev, int time_out, bool block, int delay);
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int (*receive)(struct xs_Adapter *sadapter, char* rev_buffer, int buffer_len, int time_out, bool block);
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int (*ioctl)(struct xs_Adapter *sadapter, int cmd, void *arg);
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};
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```
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其中需要注意的是，join接口的所使用的net_type和dev_type参数，分别来自枚举：
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```c
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enum xs_net_type{
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XS_CENTRALIZATION = 0,
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XS_ADHOC,
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};
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enum xs_dev_type{
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XS_CLIENT = 0,
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XS_GATEWAY,
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};
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```
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net_type代表的含义是，使用传统的中心化网络或者自组网络。dev_type代表的含义是，此设备是普通设备或者网关设备。
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最后，在系统中每种网络协议的xs_Adapter被分别组织成不同双链表，如Lora的xs_Adapter链表、4G的xs_Adapter链表等，使用的链表节点即为link成员。
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最后，在系统中每种网络协议的Adapter被分别组织成不同双链表，如Lora的Adapter链表、4G的Adapter链表等，使用的链表节点即为link成员。
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## 2. XiUOS网络框架驱动开发
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以Lora网络适配器为例。网络框架针对每个具体的网络适配器将xs_Adapter进行扩充，采用类似面向对象的手段添加其他必要成员，如：
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以Lora网络适配器为例。网络框架针对每个具体的网络适配器将Adapter进行扩充，采用类似面向对象的手段添加其他必要成员，如：
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```c
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struct xs_AdapterLora {
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struct xs_Adapter parent; /* inherit from xs_Adapter */
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const char *deve_ui; /* Lora specific value */
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const char *app_key; /* Lora specific value */
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struct AdapterLora {
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struct Adapter parent; /* inherit from Adapter */
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const char * name; /* name of the adapter instance */
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const char *deve_ui; /* Lora specific value */
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const char *app_key; /* Lora specific value */
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int spi_lora_fd;
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};
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```
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实现xs_AdapterOps中的数据通信API，具体实现细节取决于所使用网络协议，无法实现的API可以置为NULL：
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实现AdapterOps中的数据通信API，具体实现细节取决于所使用网络协议，无法实现的API可以置为NULL：
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```c
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struct xs_AdapterOps lora_example_ops = {
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.open = lora_example_open;
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.close = lora_example_close;
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.send = lora_example_send;
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struct AdapterDone lora_example_done = {
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.open = LoraExampleOpen;
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.close = LoraExampleClose;
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.send = LoraExampleSend;
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.receive = NULL;
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.ioctl = lora_example_ioctl;
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.ioctl = LoraExampleIoctl;
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};
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```
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填充xs_AdapterLora,并将其注册。
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填充AdapterLora,并将其注册。
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```c
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int xs_AdapterRegister(struct xs_Adapter *sadapter);
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void LoraAdapterRegister(struct Adapter * padapter);
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extern struct xs_AdapterOps lora_example_ops;
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/* declare xs_AdapterLora */
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struct xs_AdapterLora lora_example_adapter;
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extern struct AdapterDone lora_example_done;
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/* declare AdapterLora */
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struct AdapterLora lora_example_adapter;
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void register_lora_adapter()
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{
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/* initialize and register the xs_Adapter object */
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/* initialize and register the Adapter object */
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memset(&lora_example_adapter, 0, sizeof(lora_example_adapter));
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lora_example_adapter.parent.name = "adapter1";
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lora_example_adapter.parent.type = XS_ADAPTER_LORA;
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lora_example_adapter.parent.info.vendor = "xxx";
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lora_example_adapter.parent.info.product_model = "yyy";
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lora_example_adapter.parent.ops = &lora_example_ops;
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lora_example_adapter.parent.interface.bus_device = xs_DeviceFind("uart1");
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lora_example_adapter.parent.type = ADAPTER_LORA;
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lora_example_adapter.parent.mesh_type = NET_ADHOC_SINGLE_GROUP;
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lora_example_adapter.parent.done = &lora_example_done;
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lora_example_adapter.spi_lora_fd = open(LORA_SPI_NAME,O_RDWR);
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lora_example_adapter.deve_ui = "mmm";
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lora_example_adapter.app_key = "nnn";
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xs_AdapterRegister(&lora_example_adapter);
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LoraAdapterRegister(&lora_example_adapter);
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}
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```
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## 3. XiUOS网络框架的使用实例
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网络应用开发者使用网络框架提供的API操作网络适配器，网络适配器API可以分为通用API与协议特有API。通用API用于网络适配器的获取、打开与关闭，协议特有API用于特定协议的数据采样。以Lora网络适配器为例：
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```c
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/* generic API: find a adapter instance by its name */
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struct xs_Adapter *xs_AdapterFind(const char *name);
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/* generic API: open/close a adapter instance */
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int xs_AdapterOpen(struct xs_Adapter *adapter);
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void xs_AdapterClose(struct xs_Adapter *adapter);
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/* Lora API: get current Lora adapter reading */
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uint32_t xs_AdapterReceive(struct xs_Adapter *adapter, char* rev_buffer, int buffer_len，int time_out, bool block);
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```
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网络应用开发者使用网络框架提供的API操作网络适配器，网络适配器API可以分为通用API与协议特有API。通用API用于网络适配器的获取、打开与关闭，协议特有API用于特定协议的传输功能。以Lora网络适配器为例：
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在获取数据前，需要先获取并打开要使用的网络适配器；网络适配器打开后可以随时对网络适配器数据进行读取；使用完毕后，须关闭网络适配器。完整的使用过程示例如下：
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```c
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#define BUFFER_MAX 512
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int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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int ret;
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int ret;
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char rev_buffer[BUFFER_MAX];
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struct xs_Adapter *adapter;
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struct xs_AdapterLora *lora_adapter;
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struct Adapter *adapter;
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struct AdapterLora *lora_adapter;
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/* get the Lora adapter instance */
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adapter = xs_AdapterFind("lora_1");
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XS_ASSERT(adapter->type == XS_ADAPTER_LORA);
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adapter = LoraAdapterFind("lora_1");
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XS_ASSERT(adapter->type == ADAPTER_LORA);
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/* open the Lora adapter instance */
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lora_adapter = (struct xs_AdapterLora *)adapter;
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ret = xs_AdapterOpen(adapter);
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lora_adapter = (struct AdapterLora *)adapter;
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ret = adapter->done.NetAiitOpen(adapter)
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XS_ASSERT(ret == XS_EOK);
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xs_AdapterReceive(adapter, rev_buffer, BUFFER_MAX, 0, true);
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xs_kprintf("Data read from lora_adapter is %s \n", rev_buffer);
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xs_AdapterClose(adapter);
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adapter->done.NetAiitReceive(adapter, rev_buffer, BUFFER_MAX, 0, 1, 0);
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printf("Data read from lora_adapter is %s \n", rev_buffer);
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adapter->done.NetAiitClose(adapter)
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return 0;
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}
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```
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