From f7617cdfec4a63a33658bc13f57555f788ddf6c7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MYP <yanpengma@163.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2020 09:47:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E8=AF=BE=E7=A8=8B=E5=86=85=E5=AE=B9=E6=8F=90?=
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---
 .../03 C#面向对象设计 I.md                    | 870 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../{03 数组.md => 04 数组.md}                |   0
 ...{04 顺序表和链表.md => 06 顺序表和链表.md} |   0
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 create mode 100644 DataStructureAndAlgorithm/03 C#面向对象设计 I.md
 rename DataStructureAndAlgorithm/{03 数组.md => 04 数组.md} (100%)
 rename DataStructureAndAlgorithm/{04 顺序表和链表.md => 06 顺序表和链表.md} (100%)
 rename DataStructureAndAlgorithm/{06 栈与递归.md => 07 栈与递归.md} (100%)
 rename DataStructureAndAlgorithm/{07 字符串.md => 08 字符串.md} (100%)

diff --git a/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/03 C#面向对象设计 I.md b/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/03 C#面向对象设计 I.md
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,870 @@
+# 03 C#���������� I
+
+
+**֪ʶ�ṹ��**
+
+![ͼ1 ֪ʶ�ṹ](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200908093951579.png)
+
+---
+## 1���������
+- �ࣺ�ø߼���������ʵ�ֵ�һ��ADT������
+- ����ͨ���������ı�����
+
+---
+## 2����װ
+
+**2.1 ʲô�Ƿ�װ**
+
+������ڲ����������Է�ֹ�ⲿ�����ڲ���ʵ�ֹ��̡�
+
+**2.2 ������װ**
+
+- ͨ���������η�`private`��`protected`��`public`��`internal`��ʵ�֡�
+- �����е����ݣ�Data���Ͳ�����Operation�����������η���
+    - `private`��ֻ��������ڲ����ʣ�Ĭ�ϣ���
+    - `protected`��ֻ��������ڲ���������ʡ�
+    - `public`������ڲ����ⲿ�����Է��ʡ�
+    - `internal`����ͬһ�����ڲ����ʣ��൱��`public`��
+- ��������������
+    - `public`��������ʹ�á�
+    - `internal`����ͬһ�����ڲ�ʹ�ã�Ĭ�ϣ���
+
+ע��`internal`���ε��࣬���������ԣ�ֻҪ����ͬһ�������е������඼���Է��ʣ�������߲���ͬһ�����ռ䣬ֻҪʹ��`using`��������Ӧ�������ռ伴�ɣ����������һ������Ҳ��ӿ��������ռ䲢���ǽ綨���ʼ���ģ����DZ�֤ȫ�ֵ���Ψһ�Եġ�
+
+�ο�ͼ�ģ�
+- [����ͼ�ģ��������C#��internal�޶����η���](https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIyNDA1NjA1NQ==&mid=2651012035&idx=1&sn=442e2b1e601082b6553ffa06e52c0ae4&chksm=f3e35c5bc494d54d43d9b78947f8e9995208e6404dcd1c92625f780338924261936d227f132d&token=1238973891&lang=zh_CN#rd)
+
+**2.3 ������ʾ**
+
+- ��ͼ��Class Diagram��
+    - -��`private`
+    - +��`public`
+    - #��`protected`
+
+![ͼ2 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020090718494457.png)
+
+��1������������ͼʵ��Animal���͡�
+
+
+![ͼ3 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200907185820336.png)
+
+```c
+public class Animal
+{
+    public int Age;
+    public double Weight;
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Eat.");
+    }
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Sleep.");
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Animal al = new Animal();
+        al.Eat();// Animal Eat.
+        al.Sleep();// Animal Sleep.
+    }
+}
+```
+
+---
+## 3���̳�
+
+**3.1 ʲô�Ǽ̳�**
+
+����ӵ�и���ijЩData��Operation�Ĺ��̡�
+
+**3.2 �����̳�**
+
+
+```c
+public class Child : Parent
+{ 
+    //�� 
+}
+````
+- `Child`�����ࣨ�����ࣩ��`Parent`�����ࣨ���ࣩ
+- ����������У����á�:����ʾ�̳С�
+
+C# ֻ֧�ֵ��̳У������Զ���һ��������������̳е��ࡣ
+```
+public sealed class Name
+{
+    //...
+}
+```
+- ����`sealed`�ؼ��ֿɷ�ֹ���������౻�̳С�
+
+
+�����븸��������������ļ̳й�ϵ��
+- ����  `public`  `protected`  `private`   `internal`
+- ����  `public`  `protected`  �޷��̳�  `internal`
+
+**3.3 �����������ʸ����Ա**
+
+����`base`�ؼ��֡�
+
+��2��������ʸ����Ҹ��๹�캯������������
+
+```c
+public class Parent
+{
+    private int _data1; // ֻ�ܱ�����ڲ�����
+    protected int Data2; // �ܱ�������ʺͼ̳�
+    public int Data3; // �ܱ�������ʺͼ̳�
+}
+
+public class Child : Parent
+{
+    public Child()
+    {
+        base.Data2 = 2;
+        base.Data3 = 3;
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Child cld = new Child();
+        Console.WriteLine(cld.Data3); // 3
+    }
+}
+```
+
+��3��������ʸ����Ҹ��๹�캯����������
+
+```c
+public class Parent
+{
+    private int _data1; // ֻ�ܱ�����ڲ�����
+    protected int Data2; // �ܱ�������ʺͼ̳�
+    public int Data3; // �ܱ�������ʺͼ̳�
+    public Parent(int dt1, int dt2, int dt3)
+    {
+        _data1 = dt1;
+        Data2 = dt2;
+        Data3 = dt3;
+    }
+}
+
+public class Child : Parent
+{
+    public Child() : base(0, 2, 3)
+    {
+        ;
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Child cld = new Child();
+        Console.WriteLine(cld.Data3);// 3
+    }
+}
+```
+
+**3.4 ������ʾ**
+
+- ͨ����ͼ����ʾ
+
+
+![ͼ4 �̳й�ϵ](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020090718590952.png)
+
+��4��������ͼʵ�ֳ�����룬ע����֮��ļ̳й�ϵ��
+
+
+![ͼ5 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200907185946630.png)
+
+```c
+public class Animal
+{
+    public int Age;
+    public double Weight;
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Eat.");
+    }
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Sleep.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Bird : Animal
+{
+    public void Fly()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Fly.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Dog : Animal
+{
+    public void Run()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Run.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Fish : Animal
+{
+    public void Swim()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Swim.");
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Dog dog = new Dog();
+        dog.Run(); //Dog Run.
+        Bird bird = new Bird();
+        bird.Fly(); //Bird Fly.
+        Fish fish = new Fish();
+        fish.Swim(); //Fish Swim.
+    }
+}
+```
+
+**3.5 ʵ����**
+
+Ϊ�������洢�ռ�Ĺ��̡�
+
+��5�����ʵ������
+
+```c
+public class Animal
+{
+    public int Age;
+    public double Weight;
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Eat.");
+    }
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Sleep.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Dog : Animal
+{
+    public void Run()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Run.");
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Animal al = new Animal(); // ʵ����Animal
+        al.Eat(); // Animal Eat.
+        al.Sleep(); // Animal Sleep.
+
+        Dog dg = new Dog(); // ʵ����Dog
+        dg.Age = 2;
+        dg.Weight = 4.5;
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Infor: Age:{0},Weight:{1}",
+            dg.Age, dg.Weight);
+        // Dog Infor: Age:2, Weight:4.5
+        dg.Sleep(); // Animal Sleep.
+        dg.Eat(); // Animal Eat.
+        dg.Run(); // Dog Run.
+    }
+}
+```
+
+��6�������븸��������������
+
+![ͼ6 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200907190525103.png)
+
+```c
+public class Animal
+{
+    public int Age;
+    public double Weight;
+
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Sleep.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Dog : Animal
+{
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Sleep.");
+    }
+
+    public void Run()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Run.");
+    }
+}
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Animal al = new Dog(); // �������ʵ��������
+        al.Eat(); // Animal Eat.�����������������⣩
+        al.Sleep(); // Animal Sleep.
+
+        Dog dg = al as Dog; //ǿ������ת����Dog dg = (Dog)al;
+        dg.Eat(); // Dog Eat.
+        dg.Sleep(); // Dog Sleep.
+        dg.Run(); // Dog Run.
+    }
+}
+```
+
+ע�⣺
+
+- `Animal al = new Dog();`����ȷ��
+- `Dog dg = new Animal();`������
+
+�������ʵ�������࣬�����಻����ʵ�������࣬����`Dog`һ����`Animal`����`Animal`��һ����`Dog`��
+
+- `Animal al = new Dog();`
+- `Dog dg = al;`��������Ҫǿ������ת����
+- `Dog dg = al as Dog;` ����ȷ����`al`����`Dog`���ͣ�����null��
+- `Dog dg = (Dog)al;` ����ȷ����`al`����`Dog`���ͣ�ϵͳ���׳��쳣��
+
+
+
+
+---
+## 4����̬
+
+**4.1 ʲô�Ƕ�̬**
+
+��ͬ�IJ�����Operation�������ڲ�ͬ�Ķ��󣬿����в�ͬ�Ľ��ͣ�������ͬ��ִ�н����
+
+**4.2 ��̬�ķ���**
+- ����ʱ��̬��������ʱ����ִ���ĸ�����ĸ���������override��д��
+- ����ʱ��̬���ڱ���ʱ����ִ�����е��ĸ���������overload���أ�
+
+**4.3 ��̬��ʵ��**
+
+����ʱ��̬��
+
+- �ڸ����ж��岢ʵ���鷽����virtual��
+- �������и�д��override�����鷽����
+- �鷽�������з�����
+- ��д�鷽����Ҫ�󷽷������βΣ�����ֵ���ͱ�����ͬ��
+
+��7��ʵ������ʱ��̬�Ĵ���
+
+![ͼ7 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200907192621578.png)
+
+```c
+public class Animal
+{
+    public int Age;
+    public double Weight;
+
+    public virtual void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public virtual void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Animal Sleep.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Dog : Animal
+{
+    public override void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public override void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Sleep.");
+    }
+
+    public virtual void Run()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Run.");
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Animal al = new Dog();
+        //��ִ��ʱ��ͨ���ж�al������������ִ���ĸ����е��ĸ�����;
+        al.Eat(); // Dog Eat.
+        al.Sleep(); // Dog Sleep.
+    }
+}
+```
+
+����ʱ��̬��
+
+- ���ж���ķ���������������в�ͬ�İ汾��
+- ���������أ�`operator`�ؼ���
+- public static ���� operator �����(�β��б�){ �� }
+- �������أ���������ͬ�ķ������������в�ͬ�IJ����б�����������ͬ�ķ���ֵ����
+
+��8��ͨ����ͼʵ�ֱ���ʱ��̬�Ĵ���
+
+![ͼ8 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020090808531193.png)
+
+```c
+public class Complex
+{
+    public int A;
+    public int B;
+
+    public Complex(int a, int b)
+    {
+        this.A = a; //this��ʾ���ڴ���Complex����
+        this.B = b;
+    }
+
+    public static Complex operator +(Complex c1, Complex c2)
+    {
+        return new Complex(c1.A + c2.A, c1.B + c2.B);
+    }
+
+    public override string ToString()
+    {
+        return string.Format("{0}+{1}i", A, B);
+    }
+}
+
+public class Math
+{
+    public int Add(int x, int y)
+    {
+        return x + y;
+    }
+
+    public double Add(double x, double y)
+    {
+        return x + y;
+    }
+
+    public Complex Add(Complex x, Complex y)
+    {
+        return x + y;
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Complex c1 = new Complex(1, 2);
+        Complex c2 = new Complex(3, 4);
+        Complex c3 = c1 + c2;
+        Console.WriteLine("C1={0}", c1); // C1=1+2i
+        Console.WriteLine("C2={0}", c2); // C2=3+4i
+        Console.WriteLine("C3={0}", c3); // C3=4+6i
+        Math mth = new Math();
+        Complex c4 = mth.Add(c2, c3);
+        //�ڱ���ʱ�����ݲ����б�����ִ���ĸ����е��ĸ�����;
+        Console.WriteLine("C4={0}", c4); // C4=7+10i
+    }
+}
+```
+
+�ܽ᣺`override`��`overload`
+
+
+![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020090809435588.png)
+
+
+
+**4.4 ���󷽷��������**
+
+- ���󷽷������Կ���û��ʵ������鷽����`abstract`������ֻ�з�������������Ҫ�������и�д��`override`���÷�����
+- �����ࣺ���г��󷽷����ࡣ�����಻����ֱ��ʵ��������
+
+��9��������ͼʵ�ִ���
+
+![ͼ9 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020090809021457.png)
+
+```c
+public abstract class Animal
+{
+    public int Age;
+    public double Weight;
+    public abstract void Eat();
+    public abstract void Sleep();
+}
+
+public class Dog : Animal
+{
+    public override void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Eat.");
+    }
+    public override void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Sleep.");
+    }
+    public void Run()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Run.");
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Animal al = new Dog();
+        al.Eat(); // Dog Eat.
+        al.Sleep(); // Dog Sleep.
+        ((Dog)al).Run(); // Dog Run.
+    }
+}
+```
+
+ע�⣺
+- `al.Run();`������
+- `((Dog)al).Run();`����ȷ��
+
+�������в�û��Run���������ʹ����Ҫǿ������ת����
+
+- `Animal al = new Animal ();`������
+
+�����಻����ֱ��ʵ��������ϵͳ���׳��쳣��
+
+�ܽ᣺���󷽷����鷽��![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200908094431953.png)
+
+
+��10������ϵͳ
+
+ij����Ա��Raiser����Ŀǰ״̬����Ҫ�������ֶ������Dog������Bird�����㣨Fish���������ֶ���ֻ��Ҫ����˯����Sleep���ͳԷ���Eat�����ɡ�
+
+����Ƹ�����ϵͳ��Ҫ������������Ƶġ�����ԭ�򡱡�
+
+����һ��
+
+![ͼ10 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200908091105732.png)
+
+```c++
+public class Bird
+{
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Eat.");
+    }
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Sleep.");
+    }
+    public void Fly()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Fly.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Dog
+{
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Eat.");
+    }
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Sleep.");
+    }
+    public void Run()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Run.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Fish
+{
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Eat.");
+    }
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Sleep.");
+    }
+    public void Swim()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Swim.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Raiser
+{
+    public void RaiseDog()
+    {
+        Dog dog = new Dog();
+        dog.Eat();
+        dog.Sleep();
+    }
+    public void RaisBird()
+    {
+        Bird bird = new Bird();
+        bird.Eat();
+        bird.Sleep();
+    }
+    public void RaisFish()
+    {
+        Fish fish = new Fish();
+        fish.Eat();
+        fish.Sleep();
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Raiser rar = new Raiser();
+        rar.RaiseDog();
+        // Dog Eat.
+        // Dog Sleep.
+        rar.RaisBird();
+        // Bird Eat.
+        // Bird Sleep.
+        rar.RaisFish();
+        // Fish Eat.
+        // Fish Sleep.
+    }
+}
+```
+
+��������
+
+![ͼ11 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200908092632785.png)
+
+```c
+public class Bird
+{
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Sleep.");
+    }
+
+    public void Fly()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Fly.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Dog
+{
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Sleep.");
+    }
+
+    public void Run()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Run.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Fish
+{
+    public void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Sleep.");
+    }
+
+    public void Swim()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Swim.");
+    }
+}
+
+public enum AnimalType
+{
+    Dog,
+    Bird,
+    Fish
+};
+
+public class Raiser
+{
+    public void Raise(AnimalType alt)
+    {
+        switch (alt)
+        {
+            case AnimalType.Bird:
+                Bird bird = new Bird();
+                bird.Eat();
+                bird.Sleep();
+                break;
+            case AnimalType.Dog:
+                Dog dog = new Dog();
+                dog.Eat();
+                dog.Sleep();
+                break;
+            case AnimalType.Fish:
+                Fish fish = new Fish();
+                fish.Eat();
+                fish.Sleep();
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Raiser rar = new Raiser();
+        rar.Raise(AnimalType.Dog);
+        // Dog Eat.
+        // Dog Sleep.
+        rar.Raise(AnimalType.Bird);
+        // Bird Eat.
+        // Bird Sleep.
+        rar.Raise(AnimalType.Fish);
+        // Fish Eat.
+        // Fish Sleep.
+    }
+}
+```
+
+��������
+
+![ͼ12 Class Diagram](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200908093122441.png)
+
+```c
+public abstract class Animal
+{
+    public int Age;
+    public double Weight;
+    public abstract void Eat();
+    public abstract void Sleep();
+}
+
+public class Bird : Animal
+{
+    public override void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public override void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Sleep.");
+    }
+
+    public void Fly()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Bird Fly.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Dog : Animal
+{
+    public override void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public override void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Sleep.");
+    }
+
+    public void Run()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Dog Run.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Fish : Animal
+{
+    public override void Eat()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Eat.");
+    }
+
+    public override void Sleep()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Sleep.");
+    }
+
+    public void Swim()
+    {
+        Console.WriteLine("Fish Swim.");
+    }
+}
+
+public class Raiser
+{
+    public void Raise(Animal al)
+    {
+        al.Eat();
+        al.Sleep();
+    }
+}
+
+
+class Program
+{
+    static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        Raiser rsr = new Raiser();
+        rsr.Raise(new Dog());
+        // Dog Eat.
+        // Dog Sleep.
+        rsr.Raise(new Bird());
+        // Bird Eat.
+        // Bird Sleep.
+        rsr.Raise(new Fish());
+        // Fish Eat.
+        // Fish Sleep.
+    }
+}
+```
+
diff --git a/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/03 数组.md b/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/04 数组.md
similarity index 100%
rename from DataStructureAndAlgorithm/03 数组.md
rename to DataStructureAndAlgorithm/04 数组.md
diff --git a/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/04 顺序表和链表.md b/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/06 顺序表和链表.md
similarity index 100%
rename from DataStructureAndAlgorithm/04 顺序表和链表.md
rename to DataStructureAndAlgorithm/06 顺序表和链表.md
diff --git a/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/06 栈与递归.md b/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/07 栈与递归.md
similarity index 100%
rename from DataStructureAndAlgorithm/06 栈与递归.md
rename to DataStructureAndAlgorithm/07 栈与递归.md
diff --git a/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/07 字符串.md b/DataStructureAndAlgorithm/08 字符串.md
similarity index 100%
rename from DataStructureAndAlgorithm/07 字符串.md
rename to DataStructureAndAlgorithm/08 字符串.md