331 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
331 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
|
|
.. _usage:
|
|
|
|
Usage and Invocations
|
|
==========================================
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _cmdline:
|
|
|
|
Calling pytest through ``python -m pytest``
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.0
|
|
|
|
You can invoke testing through the Python interpreter from the command line::
|
|
|
|
python -m pytest [...]
|
|
|
|
This is almost equivalent to invoking the command line script ``pytest [...]``
|
|
directly, except that python will also add the current directory to ``sys.path``.
|
|
|
|
Getting help on version, option names, environment variables
|
|
--------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
::
|
|
|
|
pytest --version # shows where pytest was imported from
|
|
pytest --fixtures # show available builtin function arguments
|
|
pytest -h | --help # show help on command line and config file options
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stopping after the first (or N) failures
|
|
---------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
To stop the testing process after the first (N) failures::
|
|
|
|
pytest -x # stop after first failure
|
|
pytest --maxfail=2 # stop after two failures
|
|
|
|
Specifying tests / selecting tests
|
|
---------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Several test run options::
|
|
|
|
pytest test_mod.py # run tests in module
|
|
pytest somepath # run all tests below somepath
|
|
pytest -k stringexpr # only run tests with names that match the
|
|
# "string expression", e.g. "MyClass and not method"
|
|
# will select TestMyClass.test_something
|
|
# but not TestMyClass.test_method_simple
|
|
pytest test_mod.py::test_func # only run tests that match the "node ID",
|
|
# e.g "test_mod.py::test_func" will select
|
|
# only test_func in test_mod.py
|
|
pytest test_mod.py::TestClass::test_method # run a single method in
|
|
# a single class
|
|
|
|
Import 'pkg' and use its filesystem location to find and run tests::
|
|
|
|
pytest --pyargs pkg # run all tests found below directory of pkg
|
|
|
|
Modifying Python traceback printing
|
|
----------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
Examples for modifying traceback printing::
|
|
|
|
pytest --showlocals # show local variables in tracebacks
|
|
pytest -l # show local variables (shortcut)
|
|
|
|
pytest --tb=auto # (default) 'long' tracebacks for the first and last
|
|
# entry, but 'short' style for the other entries
|
|
pytest --tb=long # exhaustive, informative traceback formatting
|
|
pytest --tb=short # shorter traceback format
|
|
pytest --tb=line # only one line per failure
|
|
pytest --tb=native # Python standard library formatting
|
|
pytest --tb=no # no traceback at all
|
|
|
|
The ``--full-trace`` causes very long traces to be printed on error (longer
|
|
than ``--tb=long``). It also ensures that a stack trace is printed on
|
|
**KeyboardInterrrupt** (Ctrl+C).
|
|
This is very useful if the tests are taking too long and you interrupt them
|
|
with Ctrl+C to find out where the tests are *hanging*. By default no output
|
|
will be shown (because KeyboardInterrupt is caught by pytest). By using this
|
|
option you make sure a trace is shown.
|
|
|
|
Dropping to PDB_ (Python Debugger) on failures
|
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. _PDB: http://docs.python.org/library/pdb.html
|
|
|
|
Python comes with a builtin Python debugger called PDB_. ``pytest``
|
|
allows one to drop into the PDB_ prompt via a command line option::
|
|
|
|
pytest --pdb
|
|
|
|
This will invoke the Python debugger on every failure. Often you might
|
|
only want to do this for the first failing test to understand a certain
|
|
failure situation::
|
|
|
|
pytest -x --pdb # drop to PDB on first failure, then end test session
|
|
pytest --pdb --maxfail=3 # drop to PDB for first three failures
|
|
|
|
Note that on any failure the exception information is stored on
|
|
``sys.last_value``, ``sys.last_type`` and ``sys.last_traceback``. In
|
|
interactive use, this allows one to drop into postmortem debugging with
|
|
any debug tool. One can also manually access the exception information,
|
|
for example::
|
|
|
|
>>> import sys
|
|
>>> sys.last_traceback.tb_lineno
|
|
42
|
|
>>> sys.last_value
|
|
AssertionError('assert result == "ok"',)
|
|
|
|
Setting a breakpoint / aka ``set_trace()``
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
If you want to set a breakpoint and enter the ``pdb.set_trace()`` you
|
|
can use a helper::
|
|
|
|
import pytest
|
|
def test_function():
|
|
...
|
|
pytest.set_trace() # invoke PDB debugger and tracing
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded: 2.0.0
|
|
|
|
Prior to pytest version 2.0.0 you could only enter PDB_ tracing if you disabled
|
|
capturing on the command line via ``pytest -s``. In later versions, pytest
|
|
automatically disables its output capture when you enter PDB_ tracing:
|
|
|
|
* Output capture in other tests is not affected.
|
|
* Any prior test output that has already been captured and will be processed as
|
|
such.
|
|
* Any later output produced within the same test will not be captured and will
|
|
instead get sent directly to ``sys.stdout``. Note that this holds true even
|
|
for test output occurring after you exit the interactive PDB_ tracing session
|
|
and continue with the regular test run.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded: 2.4.0
|
|
|
|
Since pytest version 2.4.0 you can also use the native Python
|
|
``import pdb;pdb.set_trace()`` call to enter PDB_ tracing without having to use
|
|
the ``pytest.set_trace()`` wrapper or explicitly disable pytest's output
|
|
capturing via ``pytest -s``.
|
|
|
|
.. _durations:
|
|
|
|
Profiling test execution duration
|
|
-------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded: 2.2
|
|
|
|
To get a list of the slowest 10 test durations::
|
|
|
|
pytest --durations=10
|
|
|
|
|
|
Creating JUnitXML format files
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
To create result files which can be read by Jenkins_ or other Continuous
|
|
integration servers, use this invocation::
|
|
|
|
pytest --junitxml=path
|
|
|
|
to create an XML file at ``path``.
|
|
|
|
record_xml_property
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.8
|
|
|
|
If you want to log additional information for a test, you can use the
|
|
``record_xml_property`` fixture:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
def test_function(record_xml_property):
|
|
record_xml_property("example_key", 1)
|
|
assert 0
|
|
|
|
This will add an extra property ``example_key="1"`` to the generated
|
|
``testcase`` tag:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: xml
|
|
|
|
<testcase classname="test_function" file="test_function.py" line="0" name="test_function" time="0.0009">
|
|
<properties>
|
|
<property name="example_key" value="1" />
|
|
</properties>
|
|
</testcase>
|
|
|
|
.. warning::
|
|
|
|
This is an experimental feature, and its interface might be replaced
|
|
by something more powerful and general in future versions. The
|
|
functionality per-se will be kept, however.
|
|
|
|
Currently it does not work when used with the ``pytest-xdist`` plugin.
|
|
|
|
Also please note that using this feature will break any schema verification.
|
|
This might be a problem when used with some CI servers.
|
|
|
|
LogXML: add_global_property
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 3.0
|
|
|
|
If you want to add a properties node in the testsuite level, which may contains properties that are relevant
|
|
to all testcases you can use ``LogXML.add_global_properties``
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
import pytest
|
|
|
|
@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
|
|
def log_global_env_facts(f):
|
|
|
|
if pytest.config.pluginmanager.hasplugin('junitxml'):
|
|
my_junit = getattr(pytest.config, '_xml', None)
|
|
|
|
my_junit.add_global_property('ARCH', 'PPC')
|
|
my_junit.add_global_property('STORAGE_TYPE', 'CEPH')
|
|
|
|
@pytest.mark.usefixtures(log_global_env_facts)
|
|
def start_and_prepare_env():
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class TestMe:
|
|
def test_foo(self):
|
|
assert True
|
|
|
|
This will add a property node below the testsuite node to the generated xml:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: xml
|
|
|
|
<testsuite errors="0" failures="0" name="pytest" skips="0" tests="1" time="0.006">
|
|
<properties>
|
|
<property name="ARCH" value="PPC"/>
|
|
<property name="STORAGE_TYPE" value="CEPH"/>
|
|
</properties>
|
|
<testcase classname="test_me.TestMe" file="test_me.py" line="16" name="test_foo" time="0.000243663787842"/>
|
|
</testsuite>
|
|
|
|
.. warning::
|
|
|
|
This is an experimental feature, and its interface might be replaced
|
|
by something more powerful and general in future versions. The
|
|
functionality per-se will be kept.
|
|
|
|
Creating resultlog format files
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. deprecated:: 3.0
|
|
|
|
This option is rarely used and is scheduled for removal in 4.0.
|
|
|
|
To create plain-text machine-readable result files you can issue::
|
|
|
|
pytest --resultlog=path
|
|
|
|
and look at the content at the ``path`` location. Such files are used e.g.
|
|
by the `PyPy-test`_ web page to show test results over several revisions.
|
|
|
|
.. _`PyPy-test`: http://buildbot.pypy.org/summary
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sending test report to online pastebin service
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
**Creating a URL for each test failure**::
|
|
|
|
pytest --pastebin=failed
|
|
|
|
This will submit test run information to a remote Paste service and
|
|
provide a URL for each failure. You may select tests as usual or add
|
|
for example ``-x`` if you only want to send one particular failure.
|
|
|
|
**Creating a URL for a whole test session log**::
|
|
|
|
pytest --pastebin=all
|
|
|
|
Currently only pasting to the http://bpaste.net service is implemented.
|
|
|
|
Disabling plugins
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
To disable loading specific plugins at invocation time, use the ``-p`` option
|
|
together with the prefix ``no:``.
|
|
|
|
Example: to disable loading the plugin ``doctest``, which is responsible for
|
|
executing doctest tests from text files, invoke pytest like this::
|
|
|
|
pytest -p no:doctest
|
|
|
|
.. _`pytest.main-usage`:
|
|
|
|
Calling pytest from Python code
|
|
----------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 2.0
|
|
|
|
You can invoke ``pytest`` from Python code directly::
|
|
|
|
pytest.main()
|
|
|
|
this acts as if you would call "pytest" from the command line.
|
|
It will not raise ``SystemExit`` but return the exitcode instead.
|
|
You can pass in options and arguments::
|
|
|
|
pytest.main(['-x', 'mytestdir'])
|
|
|
|
You can specify additional plugins to ``pytest.main``::
|
|
|
|
# content of myinvoke.py
|
|
import pytest
|
|
class MyPlugin:
|
|
def pytest_sessionfinish(self):
|
|
print("*** test run reporting finishing")
|
|
|
|
pytest.main(["-qq"], plugins=[MyPlugin()])
|
|
|
|
Running it will show that ``MyPlugin`` was added and its
|
|
hook was invoked::
|
|
|
|
$ python myinvoke.py
|
|
*** test run reporting finishing
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. include:: links.inc
|