Merge branch 'main' into improve-high-scope-fixtures-teardown-issue-3806

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ jobs:
           "windows-py39",
           "windows-py310",
           "windows-py311",
+          "windows-py312",
 
           "ubuntu-py37",
           "ubuntu-py37-pluggy",
@@ -51,12 +52,13 @@ jobs:
           "ubuntu-py39",
           "ubuntu-py310",
           "ubuntu-py311",
+          "ubuntu-py312",
           "ubuntu-pypy3",
 
           "macos-py37",
-          "macos-py38",
           "macos-py39",
           "macos-py310",
+          "macos-py312",
 
           "docs",
           "doctesting",
@@ -86,9 +88,13 @@ jobs:
             os: windows-latest
             tox_env: "py310-xdist"
           - name: "windows-py311"
-            python: "3.11-dev"
+            python: "3.11"
             os: windows-latest
             tox_env: "py311"
+          - name: "windows-py312"
+            python: "3.12-dev"
+            os: windows-latest
+            tox_env: "py312"
 
           - name: "ubuntu-py37"
             python: "3.7"
@@ -116,10 +122,15 @@ jobs:
             os: ubuntu-latest
             tox_env: "py310-xdist"
           - name: "ubuntu-py311"
-            python: "3.11-dev"
+            python: "3.11"
             os: ubuntu-latest
             tox_env: "py311"
             use_coverage: true
+          - name: "ubuntu-py312"
+            python: "3.12-dev"
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            tox_env: "py312"
+            use_coverage: true
           - name: "ubuntu-pypy3"
             python: "pypy-3.7"
             os: ubuntu-latest
@@ -129,19 +140,19 @@ jobs:
             python: "3.7"
             os: macos-latest
             tox_env: "py37-xdist"
-          - name: "macos-py38"
-            python: "3.8"
-            os: macos-latest
-            tox_env: "py38-xdist"
-            use_coverage: true
           - name: "macos-py39"
             python: "3.9"
             os: macos-latest
             tox_env: "py39-xdist"
+            use_coverage: true
           - name: "macos-py310"
             python: "3.10"
             os: macos-latest
             tox_env: "py310-xdist"
+          - name: "macos-py312"
+            python: "3.12-dev"
+            os: macos-latest
+            tox_env: "py312-xdist"
 
           - name: "plugins"
             python: "3.9"
@@ -168,6 +179,7 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python }}
+        check-latest: ${{ endsWith(matrix.python, '-dev') }}
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |

.github/workflows/update-plugin-list.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
         run: python scripts/update-plugin-list.py
 
       - name: Create Pull Request
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@5b4a9f6a9e2af26e5f02351490b90d01eb8ec1e5
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@153407881ec5c347639a548ade7d8ad1d6740e38
         with:
           commit-message: '[automated] Update plugin list'
           author: 'pytest bot <pytestbot@users.noreply.github.com>'

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ repos:
     -   id: black
         args: [--safe, --quiet]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/blacken-docs
-    rev: 1.13.0
+    rev: 1.14.0
     hooks:
     -   id: blacken-docs
         additional_dependencies: [black==23.1.0]
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ repos:
         exclude: _pytest/(debugging|hookspec).py
         language_version: python3
 -   repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/autoflake
-    rev: v2.1.1
+    rev: v2.2.0
     hooks:
     -   id: autoflake
         name: autoflake
@@ -37,26 +37,26 @@ repos:
           - flake8-typing-imports==1.12.0
           - flake8-docstrings==1.5.0
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/reorder-python-imports
-    rev: v3.9.0
+    rev: v3.10.0
     hooks:
     -   id: reorder-python-imports
         args: ['--application-directories=.:src', --py37-plus]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/pyupgrade
-    rev: v3.4.0
+    rev: v3.7.0
     hooks:
     -   id: pyupgrade
         args: [--py37-plus]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
-    rev: v2.2.0
+    rev: v2.3.0
     hooks:
     -   id: setup-cfg-fmt
-        args: ["--max-py-version=3.11", "--include-version-classifiers"]
+        args: ["--max-py-version=3.12", "--include-version-classifiers"]
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pygrep-hooks
     rev: v1.10.0
     hooks:
     -   id: python-use-type-annotations
 -   repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
-    rev: v1.3.0
+    rev: v1.4.1
     hooks:
     -   id: mypy
         files: ^(src/|testing/)

AUTHORS

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ Eric Hunsberger
 Eric Liu
 Eric Siegerman
 Erik Aronesty
+Erik Hasse
 Erik M. Bray
 Evan Kepner
 Evgeny Seliverstov
@@ -378,6 +379,7 @@ Victor Maryama
 Victor Rodriguez
 Victor Uriarte
 Vidar T. Fauske
+Vijay Arora
 Virgil Dupras
 Vitaly Lashmanov
 Vivaan Verma

changelog/10169.bugfix.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fix bug where very long option names could cause pytest to break with ``OSError: [Errno 36] File name too long`` on some systems.

changelog/10831.bugfix.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Terminal Reporting: Fixed bug when running in ``--tb=line`` mode where ``pytest.fail(pytrace=False)`` tests report ``None``.

changelog/10872.improvement.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Update test log report annotation to named tuple and fixed inconsistency in docs for :hook:`pytest_report_teststatus` hook.

changelog/10901.feature.rst

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Added :func:`ExceptionInfo.from_exception() <pytest.ExceptionInfo.from_exception>`, a simpler way to create an :class:`~pytest.ExceptionInfo` from an exception.
-This can replace :func:`ExceptionInfo.from_exc_info() <pytest.ExceptionInfo.from_exc_info()>` for most uses.

changelog/10907.improvement.rst

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-When an exception traceback to be displayed is completely filtered out (by mechanisms such as ``__tracebackhide__``, internal frames, and similar), now only the exception string and the following message are shown:
-
-"All traceback entries are hidden. Pass `--full-trace` to see hidden and internal frames.".
-
-Previously, the last frame of the traceback was shown, even though it was hidden.

changelog/10940.improvement.rst

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-Improved verbose output (``-vv``) of ``skip`` and ``xfail`` reasons by performing text wrapping while leaving a clear margin for progress output.
-
-Added :func:`TerminalReporter.wrap_write() <pytest.TerminalReporter.wrap_write>` as a helper for that.

changelog/10987.bugfix.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-:confval:`testpaths` is now honored to load root ``conftests``.

changelog/10991.improvement.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Added handling of ``%f`` directive to print microseconds in log format options, such as ``log-date-format``.

changelog/10999.bugfix.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-The `monkeypatch` `setitem`/`delitem` type annotations now allow `TypedDict` arguments.

changelog/11005.improvement.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Added underlying exception to cache provider path creation and write warning messages.

changelog/11011.doc.rst

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Added a warning about modifying the root logger during tests when using ``caplog``.

changelog/11013.improvement.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Added warning when :confval:`testpaths` is set, but paths are not found by glob. In this case, pytest will fall back to searching from the current directory.

changelog/11028.bugfix.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fixed bug in assertion rewriting where a variable assigned with the walrus operator could not be used later in a function call.

changelog/11031.trivial.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Enhanced the CLI flag for ``-c`` to now include ``--config-file`` to make it clear that this flag applies to the usage of a custom config file.

changelog/11043.improvement.rst

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-When `--confcutdir` is not specified, and there is no config file present, the conftest cutoff directory (`--confcutdir`) is now set to the :ref:`rootdir`.
-Previously in such cases, `conftest.py` files would be probed all the way to the root directory of the filesystem.
-If you are badly affected by this change, consider adding an empty config file to your desired cutoff directory, or explicitly set `--confcutdir`.

changelog/11054.bugfix.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fixed ``--last-failed``'s "(skipped N files)" functionality for files inside of packages (directories with `__init__.py` files).

changelog/11068.bugfix.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fixed the ``--last-failed`` whole-file skipping functionality ("skipped N files") for :ref:`non-python test files <non-python tests>`.

changelog/1904.bugfix.rst

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-Fixed traceback entries hidden with ``__tracebackhide__ = True`` still being shown for chained exceptions (parts after "... the above exception ..." message).

changelog/3664.deprecation.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Applying a mark to a fixture function now issues a warning: marks in fixtures never had any effect, but it is a common user error to apply a mark to a fixture (for example ``usefixtures``) and expect it to work.
+
+This will become an error in the future.

changelog/7363.breaking.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+**PytestRemovedIn8Warning deprecation warnings are now errors by default.**
+
+Following our plan to remove deprecated features with as little disruption as
+possible, all warnings of type ``PytestRemovedIn8Warning`` now generate errors
+instead of warning messages by default.
+
+**The affected features will be effectively removed in pytest 8.1**, so please consult the
+:ref:`deprecations` section in the docs for directions on how to update existing code.
+
+In the pytest ``8.0.X`` series, it is possible to change the errors back into warnings as a
+stopgap measure by adding this to your ``pytest.ini`` file:
+
+.. code-block:: ini
+
+    [pytest]
+    filterwarnings =
+        ignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning
+
+But this will stop working when pytest ``8.1`` is released.
+
+**If you have concerns** about the removal of a specific feature, please add a
+comment to :issue:`7363`.

changelog/8711.improvement.rst

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-:func:`_pytest.logging.LogCaptureFixture.set_level` and :func:`_pytest.logging.LogCaptureFixture.at_level`
-will temporarily enable the requested ``level`` if ``level`` was disabled globally via
-``logging.disable(LEVEL)``.

changelog/8976.breaking.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Running `pytest pkg/__init__.py` now collects the `pkg/__init__.py` file (module) only.
+Previously, it collected the entire `pkg` package, including other test files in the directory, but excluding tests in the `__init__.py` file itself
+(unless :confval:`python_files` was changed to allow `__init__.py` file).
+
+To collect the entire package, specify just the directory: `pytest pkg`.

doc/en/announce/index.rst

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ Release announcements
    :maxdepth: 2
 
 
+   release-7.4.0
+   release-7.3.2
    release-7.3.1
    release-7.3.0
    release-7.2.2

doc/en/announce/release-7.3.2.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+pytest-7.3.2
+=======================================
+
+pytest 7.3.2 has just been released to PyPI.
+
+This is a bug-fix release, being a drop-in replacement. To upgrade::
+
+  pip install --upgrade pytest
+
+The full changelog is available at https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/changelog.html.
+
+Thanks to all of the contributors to this release:
+
+* Adam J. Stewart
+* Alessio Izzo
+* Bruno Oliveira
+* Ran Benita
+
+
+Happy testing,
+The pytest Development Team

doc/en/announce/release-7.4.0.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+pytest-7.4.0
+=======================================
+
+The pytest team is proud to announce the 7.4.0 release!
+
+This release contains new features, improvements, and bug fixes,
+the full list of changes is available in the changelog:
+
+    https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/changelog.html
+
+For complete documentation, please visit:
+
+    https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/
+
+As usual, you can upgrade from PyPI via:
+
+    pip install -U pytest
+
+Thanks to all of the contributors to this release:
+
+* Adam J. Stewart
+* Alessio Izzo
+* Alex
+* Alex Lambson
+* Brian Larsen
+* Bruno Oliveira
+* Bryan Ricker
+* Chris Mahoney
+* Facundo Batista
+* Florian Bruhin
+* Jarrett Keifer
+* Kenny Y
+* Miro Hrončok
+* Ran Benita
+* Roberto Aldera
+* Ronny Pfannschmidt
+* Sergey Kim
+* Stefanie Molin
+* Vijay Arora
+* Ville Skyttä
+* Zac Hatfield-Dodds
+* bzoracler
+* leeyueh
+* nondescryptid
+* theirix
+
+
+Happy testing,
+The pytest Development Team

doc/en/builtin.rst

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ For information about fixtures, see :ref:`fixtures`. To see a complete list of a
     cachedir: .pytest_cache
     rootdir: /home/sweet/project
     collected 0 items
-    cache -- .../_pytest/cacheprovider.py:510
+    cache -- .../_pytest/cacheprovider.py:528
         Return a cache object that can persist state between testing sessions.
 
         cache.get(key, default)
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ For information about fixtures, see :ref:`fixtures`. To see a complete list of a
 
         For more details: :ref:`doctest_namespace`.
 
-    pytestconfig [session scope] -- .../_pytest/fixtures.py:1360
+    pytestconfig [session scope] -- .../_pytest/fixtures.py:1353
         Session-scoped fixture that returns the session's :class:`pytest.Config`
         object.
 
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ For information about fixtures, see :ref:`fixtures`. To see a complete list of a
 
         .. _legacy_path: https://py.readthedocs.io/en/latest/path.html
 
-    caplog -- .../_pytest/logging.py:498
+    caplog -- .../_pytest/logging.py:570
         Access and control log capturing.
 
         Captured logs are available through the following properties/methods::
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ For information about fixtures, see :ref:`fixtures`. To see a complete list of a
         * caplog.record_tuples   -> list of (logger_name, level, message) tuples
         * caplog.clear()         -> clear captured records and formatted log output string
 
-    monkeypatch -- .../_pytest/monkeypatch.py:29
+    monkeypatch -- .../_pytest/monkeypatch.py:30
         A convenient fixture for monkey-patching.
 
         The fixture provides these methods to modify objects, dictionaries, or

doc/en/changelog.rst

@@ -28,6 +28,122 @@ with advance notice in the **Deprecations** section of releases.
 
 .. towncrier release notes start
 
+pytest 7.4.0 (2023-06-23)
+=========================
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- `#10901 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10901>`_: Added :func:`ExceptionInfo.from_exception() <pytest.ExceptionInfo.from_exception>`, a simpler way to create an :class:`~pytest.ExceptionInfo` from an exception.
+  This can replace :func:`ExceptionInfo.from_exc_info() <pytest.ExceptionInfo.from_exc_info()>` for most uses.
+
+
+
+Improvements
+------------
+
+- `#10872 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10872>`_: Update test log report annotation to named tuple and fixed inconsistency in docs for :hook:`pytest_report_teststatus` hook.
+
+
+- `#10907 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10907>`_: When an exception traceback to be displayed is completely filtered out (by mechanisms such as ``__tracebackhide__``, internal frames, and similar), now only the exception string and the following message are shown:
+
+  "All traceback entries are hidden. Pass `--full-trace` to see hidden and internal frames.".
+
+  Previously, the last frame of the traceback was shown, even though it was hidden.
+
+
+- `#10940 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10940>`_: Improved verbose output (``-vv``) of ``skip`` and ``xfail`` reasons by performing text wrapping while leaving a clear margin for progress output.
+
+  Added ``TerminalReporter.wrap_write()`` as a helper for that.
+
+
+- `#10991 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10991>`_: Added handling of ``%f`` directive to print microseconds in log format options, such as ``log-date-format``.
+
+
+- `#11005 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11005>`_: Added the underlying exception to the cache provider's path creation and write warning messages.
+
+
+- `#11013 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11013>`_: Added warning when :confval:`testpaths` is set, but paths are not found by glob. In this case, pytest will fall back to searching from the current directory.
+
+
+- `#11043 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11043>`_: When `--confcutdir` is not specified, and there is no config file present, the conftest cutoff directory (`--confcutdir`) is now set to the :ref:`rootdir <rootdir>`.
+  Previously in such cases, `conftest.py` files would be probed all the way to the root directory of the filesystem.
+  If you are badly affected by this change, consider adding an empty config file to your desired cutoff directory, or explicitly set `--confcutdir`.
+
+
+- `#11081 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11081>`_: The :confval:`norecursedirs` check is now performed in a :hook:`pytest_ignore_collect` implementation, so plugins can affect it.
+
+  If after updating to this version you see that your `norecursedirs` setting is not being respected,
+  it means that a conftest or a plugin you use has a bad `pytest_ignore_collect` implementation.
+  Most likely, your hook returns `False` for paths it does not want to ignore,
+  which ends the processing and doesn't allow other plugins, including pytest itself, to ignore the path.
+  The fix is to return `None` instead of `False` for paths your hook doesn't want to ignore.
+
+
+- `#8711 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8711>`_: :func:`caplog.set_level() <pytest.LogCaptureFixture.set_level>` and :func:`caplog.at_level() <pytest.LogCaptureFixture.at_level>`
+  will temporarily enable the requested ``level`` if ``level`` was disabled globally via
+  ``logging.disable(LEVEL)``.
+
+
+
+Bug Fixes
+---------
+
+- `#10831 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10831>`_: Terminal Reporting: Fixed bug when running in ``--tb=line`` mode where ``pytest.fail(pytrace=False)`` tests report ``None``.
+
+
+- `#11068 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11068>`_: Fixed the ``--last-failed`` whole-file skipping functionality ("skipped N files") for :ref:`non-python test files <non-python tests>`.
+
+
+- `#11104 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11104>`_: Fixed a regression in pytest 7.3.2 which caused to :confval:`testpaths` to be considered for loading initial conftests,
+  even when it was not utilized (e.g. when explicit paths were given on the command line).
+  Now the ``testpaths`` are only considered when they are in use.
+
+
+- `#1904 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/1904>`_: Fixed traceback entries hidden with ``__tracebackhide__ = True`` still being shown for chained exceptions (parts after "... the above exception ..." message).
+
+
+- `#7781 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7781>`_: Fix writing non-encodable text to log file when using ``--debug``.
+
+
+
+Improved Documentation
+----------------------
+
+- `#9146 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9146>`_: Improved documentation for :func:`caplog.set_level() <pytest.LogCaptureFixture.set_level>`.
+
+
+
+Trivial/Internal Changes
+------------------------
+
+- `#11031 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11031>`_: Enhanced the CLI flag for ``-c`` to now include ``--config-file`` to make it clear that this flag applies to the usage of a custom config file.
+
+
+pytest 7.3.2 (2023-06-10)
+=========================
+
+Bug Fixes
+---------
+
+- `#10169 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10169>`_: Fix bug where very long option names could cause pytest to break with ``OSError: [Errno 36] File name too long`` on some systems.
+
+
+- `#10894 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10894>`_: Support for Python 3.12 (beta at the time of writing).
+
+
+- `#10987 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10987>`_: :confval:`testpaths` is now honored to load root ``conftests``.
+
+
+- `#10999 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10999>`_: The `monkeypatch` `setitem`/`delitem` type annotations now allow `TypedDict` arguments.
+
+
+- `#11028 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11028>`_: Fixed bug in assertion rewriting where a variable assigned with the walrus operator could not be used later in a function call.
+
+
+- `#11054 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11054>`_: Fixed ``--last-failed``'s "(skipped N files)" functionality for files inside of packages (directories with `__init__.py` files).
+
+
 pytest 7.3.1 (2023-04-14)
 =========================
 

doc/en/deprecations.rst

@@ -380,6 +380,25 @@ conflicts (such as :class:`pytest.File` now taking ``path`` instead of
 ``fspath``, as :ref:`outlined above <node-ctor-fspath-deprecation>`), a
 deprecation warning is now raised.
 
+Applying a mark to a fixture function
+-------------------------------------
+
+.. deprecated:: 7.4
+
+Applying a mark to a fixture function never had any effect, but it is a common user error.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    @pytest.mark.usefixtures("clean_database")
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def user() -> User:
+        ...
+
+Users expected in this case that the ``usefixtures`` mark would have its intended effect of using the ``clean_database`` fixture when ``user`` was invoked, when in fact it has no effect at all.
+
+Now pytest will issue a warning when it encounters this problem, and will raise an error in the future versions.
+
+
 Backward compatibilities in ``Parser.addoption``
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -467,12 +486,26 @@ The ``yield_fixture`` function/decorator
 It has been so for a very long time, so can be search/replaced safely.
 
 
-Removed Features
+Removed Features and Breaking Changes
-----------------
+-------------------------------------
 
 As stated in our :ref:`backwards-compatibility` policy, deprecated features are removed only in major releases after
 an appropriate period of deprecation has passed.
 
+Some breaking changes which could not be deprecated are also listed.
+
+
+Collecting ``__init__.py`` files no longer collects package
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. versionremoved:: 8.0
+
+Running `pytest pkg/__init__.py` now collects the `pkg/__init__.py` file (module) only.
+Previously, it collected the entire `pkg` package, including other test files in the directory, but excluding tests in the `__init__.py` file itself
+(unless :confval:`python_files` was changed to allow `__init__.py` file).
+
+To collect the entire package, specify just the directory: `pytest pkg`.
+
 
 The ``pytest.collect`` module
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

doc/en/example/simple.rst

@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ Here is an example for making a ``db`` fixture available in a directory:
         pass
 
 
-    @pytest.fixture(scope="session")
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="package")
     def db():
         return DB()
 

doc/en/getting-started.rst

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Install ``pytest``
 .. code-block:: bash
 
     $ pytest --version
-    pytest 7.3.1
+    pytest 7.4.0
 
 .. _`simpletest`:
 

doc/en/how-to/fixtures.rst

@@ -1752,8 +1752,7 @@ into an ini-file:
         def my_fixture_that_sadly_wont_use_my_other_fixture():
             ...
 
-    Currently this will not generate any error or warning, but this is intended
+    This generates a deprecation warning, and will become an error in Pytest 8.
-    to be handled by :issue:`3664`.
 
 .. _`override fixtures`:
 

doc/en/how-to/logging.rst

@@ -172,6 +172,13 @@ the records for the ``setup`` and ``call`` stages during teardown like so:
 
 The full API is available at :class:`pytest.LogCaptureFixture`.
 
+.. warning::
+
+    The ``caplog`` fixture adds a handler to the root logger to capture logs. If the root logger is
+    modified during a test, for example with ``logging.config.dictConfig``, this handler may be
+    removed and cause no logs to be captured. To avoid this, ensure that any root logger configuration
+    only adds to the existing handlers.
+
 
 .. _live_logs:
 

doc/en/index.rst

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 .. sidebar:: Next Open Trainings
 
+   - `pytest tips and tricks for a better testsuite <https://ep2023.europython.eu/session/pytest-tips-and-tricks-for-a-better-testsuite>`_, at `Europython 2023 <https://ep2023.europython.eu/>`_, July 18th (3h), Prague/Remote
    - `Professional Testing with Python <https://python-academy.com/courses/python_course_testing.html>`_, via `Python Academy <https://www.python-academy.com/>`_, March 5th to 7th 2024 (3 day in-depth training), Leipzig/Remote
 
    Also see :doc:`previous talks and blogposts <talks>`.

doc/en/reference/reference.rst

@@ -1153,6 +1153,9 @@ Custom warnings generated in some situations such as improper usage or deprecate
 .. autoclass:: pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning
   :show-inheritance:
 
+.. autoclass:: pytest.PytestRemovedIn9Warning
+  :show-inheritance:
+
 .. autoclass:: pytest.PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning
    :show-inheritance:
 
@@ -1703,6 +1706,11 @@ passed multiple times. The expected format is ``name=value``. For example::
         [pytest]
         pythonpath = src1 src2
 
+   .. note::
+
+        ``pythonpath`` does not affect some imports that happen very early,
+        most notably plugins loaded using the ``-p`` command line option.
+
 
 .. confval:: required_plugins
 
@@ -1918,9 +1926,9 @@ All the command-line flags can be obtained by running ``pytest --help``::
       --strict-markers      Markers not registered in the `markers` section of
                             the configuration file raise errors
       --strict              (Deprecated) alias to --strict-markers
-      -c, --config-file FILE
+      -c FILE, --config-file=FILE
                             Load configuration from `FILE` instead of trying to
-                            locate one of the implicit configuration files
+                            locate one of the implicit configuration files.
       --continue-on-collection-errors
                             Force test execution even if collection errors occur
       --rootdir=ROOTDIR     Define root directory for tests. Can be relative

scripts/towncrier-draft-to-file.py

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ def main():
     Platform agnostic wrapper script for towncrier.
     Fixes the issue (#7251) where windows users are unable to natively run tox -e docs to build pytest docs.
     """
-    with open("doc/en/_changelog_towncrier_draft.rst", "w") as draft_file:
+    with open(
+        "doc/en/_changelog_towncrier_draft.rst", "w", encoding="utf-8"
+    ) as draft_file:
         return call(("towncrier", "--draft"), stdout=draft_file)
 
 

scripts/update-plugin-list.py

@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@ Plugin List
 ===========
 
 PyPI projects that match "pytest-\*" are considered plugins and are listed
-automatically. Packages classified as inactive are excluded.
+automatically together with a manually-maintained list in `the source
+code <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/blob/main/scripts/update-plugin-list.py>`_.
+Packages classified as inactive are excluded.
 
 .. The following conditional uses a different format for this list when
    creating a PDF, because otherwise the table gets far too wide for the
@@ -33,6 +35,9 @@ DEVELOPMENT_STATUS_CLASSIFIERS = (
     "Development Status :: 6 - Mature",
     "Development Status :: 7 - Inactive",
 )
+ADDITIONAL_PROJECTS = {  # set of additional projects to consider as plugins
+    "logassert",
+}
 
 
 def escape_rst(text: str) -> str:
@@ -52,18 +57,18 @@ def iter_plugins():
     regex = r">([\d\w-]*)</a>"
     response = requests.get("https://pypi.org/simple")
 
-    matches = list(
+    match_names = (match.groups()[0] for match in re.finditer(regex, response.text))
-        match
+    plugin_names = [
-        for match in re.finditer(regex, response.text)
+        name
-        if match.groups()[0].startswith("pytest-")
+        for name in match_names
-    )
+        if name.startswith("pytest-") or name in ADDITIONAL_PROJECTS
+    ]
 
-    for match in tqdm(matches, smoothing=0):
+    for name in tqdm(plugin_names, smoothing=0):
-        name = match.groups()[0]
         response = requests.get(f"https://pypi.org/pypi/{name}/json")
         if response.status_code == 404:
-            # Some packages, like pytest-azurepipelines42, are included in https://pypi.org/simple but
+            # Some packages, like pytest-azurepipelines42, are included in https://pypi.org/simple
-            # return 404 on the JSON API. Skip.
+            # but return 404 on the JSON API. Skip.
             continue
         response.raise_for_status()
         info = response.json()["info"]

setup.cfg

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ long_description_content_type = text/x-rst
 url = https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/
 author = Holger Krekel, Bruno Oliveira, Ronny Pfannschmidt, Floris Bruynooghe, Brianna Laugher, Florian Bruhin and others
 license = MIT
-license_file = LICENSE
+license_files = LICENSE
 platforms = unix, linux, osx, cygwin, win32
 classifiers =
     Development Status :: 6 - Mature
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ classifiers =
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
     Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries
     Topic :: Software Development :: Testing
     Topic :: Utilities
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ testing =
     nose
     pygments>=2.7.2
     requests
+    setuptools
     xmlschema
 
 [options.package_data]

src/_pytest/assertion/rewrite.py

@@ -46,8 +46,14 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
     namedExpr = ast.NamedExpr
+    astNameConstant = ast.Constant
+    astStr = ast.Constant
+    astNum = ast.Constant
 else:
     namedExpr = ast.Expr
+    astNameConstant = ast.NameConstant
+    astStr = ast.Str
+    astNum = ast.Num
 
 
 assertstate_key = StashKey["AssertionState"]()
@@ -680,8 +686,11 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
             if (
                 expect_docstring
                 and isinstance(item, ast.Expr)
-                and isinstance(item.value, ast.Str)
+                and isinstance(item.value, astStr)
             ):
+                if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+                    doc = item.value.value
+                else:
                     doc = item.value.s
                 if self.is_rewrite_disabled(doc):
                     return
@@ -814,7 +823,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
         current = self.stack.pop()
         if self.stack:
             self.explanation_specifiers = self.stack[-1]
-        keys = [ast.Str(key) for key in current.keys()]
+        keys = [astStr(key) for key in current.keys()]
         format_dict = ast.Dict(keys, list(current.values()))
         form = ast.BinOp(expl_expr, ast.Mod(), format_dict)
         name = "@py_format" + str(next(self.variable_counter))
@@ -868,16 +877,16 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
         negation = ast.UnaryOp(ast.Not(), top_condition)
 
         if self.enable_assertion_pass_hook:  # Experimental pytest_assertion_pass hook
-            msg = self.pop_format_context(ast.Str(explanation))
+            msg = self.pop_format_context(astStr(explanation))
 
             # Failed
             if assert_.msg:
                 assertmsg = self.helper("_format_assertmsg", assert_.msg)
                 gluestr = "\n>assert "
             else:
-                assertmsg = ast.Str("")
+                assertmsg = astStr("")
                 gluestr = "assert "
-            err_explanation = ast.BinOp(ast.Str(gluestr), ast.Add(), msg)
+            err_explanation = ast.BinOp(astStr(gluestr), ast.Add(), msg)
             err_msg = ast.BinOp(assertmsg, ast.Add(), err_explanation)
             err_name = ast.Name("AssertionError", ast.Load())
             fmt = self.helper("_format_explanation", err_msg)
@@ -893,8 +902,8 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
             hook_call_pass = ast.Expr(
                 self.helper(
                     "_call_assertion_pass",
-                    ast.Num(assert_.lineno),
+                    astNum(assert_.lineno),
-                    ast.Str(orig),
+                    astStr(orig),
                     fmt_pass,
                 )
             )
@@ -913,7 +922,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
                 variables = [
                     ast.Name(name, ast.Store()) for name in self.format_variables
                 ]
-                clear_format = ast.Assign(variables, ast.NameConstant(None))
+                clear_format = ast.Assign(variables, astNameConstant(None))
                 self.statements.append(clear_format)
 
         else:  # Original assertion rewriting
@@ -924,9 +933,9 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
                 assertmsg = self.helper("_format_assertmsg", assert_.msg)
                 explanation = "\n>assert " + explanation
             else:
-                assertmsg = ast.Str("")
+                assertmsg = astStr("")
                 explanation = "assert " + explanation
-            template = ast.BinOp(assertmsg, ast.Add(), ast.Str(explanation))
+            template = ast.BinOp(assertmsg, ast.Add(), astStr(explanation))
             msg = self.pop_format_context(template)
             fmt = self.helper("_format_explanation", msg)
             err_name = ast.Name("AssertionError", ast.Load())
@@ -938,7 +947,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
         # Clear temporary variables by setting them to None.
         if self.variables:
             variables = [ast.Name(name, ast.Store()) for name in self.variables]
-            clear = ast.Assign(variables, ast.NameConstant(None))
+            clear = ast.Assign(variables, astNameConstant(None))
             self.statements.append(clear)
         # Fix locations (line numbers/column offsets).
         for stmt in self.statements:
@@ -952,20 +961,20 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
         # thinks it's acceptable.
         locs = ast.Call(self.builtin("locals"), [], [])
         target_id = name.target.id  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
-        inlocs = ast.Compare(ast.Str(target_id), [ast.In()], [locs])
+        inlocs = ast.Compare(astStr(target_id), [ast.In()], [locs])
         dorepr = self.helper("_should_repr_global_name", name)
         test = ast.BoolOp(ast.Or(), [inlocs, dorepr])
-        expr = ast.IfExp(test, self.display(name), ast.Str(target_id))
+        expr = ast.IfExp(test, self.display(name), astStr(target_id))
         return name, self.explanation_param(expr)
 
     def visit_Name(self, name: ast.Name) -> Tuple[ast.Name, str]:
         # Display the repr of the name if it's a local variable or
         # _should_repr_global_name() thinks it's acceptable.
         locs = ast.Call(self.builtin("locals"), [], [])
-        inlocs = ast.Compare(ast.Str(name.id), [ast.In()], [locs])
+        inlocs = ast.Compare(astStr(name.id), [ast.In()], [locs])
         dorepr = self.helper("_should_repr_global_name", name)
         test = ast.BoolOp(ast.Or(), [inlocs, dorepr])
-        expr = ast.IfExp(test, self.display(name), ast.Str(name.id))
+        expr = ast.IfExp(test, self.display(name), astStr(name.id))
         return name, self.explanation_param(expr)
 
     def visit_BoolOp(self, boolop: ast.BoolOp) -> Tuple[ast.Name, str]:
@@ -1003,7 +1012,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
             self.push_format_context()
             res, expl = self.visit(v)
             body.append(ast.Assign([ast.Name(res_var, ast.Store())], res))
-            expl_format = self.pop_format_context(ast.Str(expl))
+            expl_format = self.pop_format_context(astStr(expl))
             call = ast.Call(app, [expl_format], [])
             self.expl_stmts.append(ast.Expr(call))
             if i < levels:
@@ -1015,7 +1024,7 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
                 self.statements = body = inner
         self.statements = save
         self.expl_stmts = fail_save
-        expl_template = self.helper("_format_boolop", expl_list, ast.Num(is_or))
+        expl_template = self.helper("_format_boolop", expl_list, astNum(is_or))
         expl = self.pop_format_context(expl_template)
         return ast.Name(res_var, ast.Load()), self.explanation_param(expl)
 
@@ -1118,9 +1127,9 @@ class AssertionRewriter(ast.NodeVisitor):
                 next_expl = f"({next_expl})"
             results.append(next_res)
             sym = BINOP_MAP[op.__class__]
-            syms.append(ast.Str(sym))
+            syms.append(astStr(sym))
             expl = f"{left_expl} {sym} {next_expl}"
-            expls.append(ast.Str(expl))
+            expls.append(astStr(expl))
             res_expr = ast.Compare(left_res, [op], [next_res])
             self.statements.append(ast.Assign([store_names[i]], res_expr))
             left_res, left_expl = next_res, next_expl

src/_pytest/config/__init__.py

@@ -527,9 +527,12 @@ class PytestPluginManager(PluginManager):
     #
     def _set_initial_conftests(
         self,
-        namespace: argparse.Namespace,
+        args: Sequence[Union[str, Path]],
+        pyargs: bool,
+        noconftest: bool,
         rootpath: Path,
-        testpaths_ini: Sequence[str],
+        confcutdir: Optional[Path],
+        importmode: Union[ImportMode, str],
     ) -> None:
         """Load initial conftest files given a preparsed "namespace".
 
@@ -539,17 +542,12 @@ class PytestPluginManager(PluginManager):
         common options will not confuse our logic here.
         """
         current = Path.cwd()
-        self._confcutdir = (
+        self._confcutdir = absolutepath(current / confcutdir) if confcutdir else None
-            absolutepath(current / namespace.confcutdir)
+        self._noconftest = noconftest
-            if namespace.confcutdir
+        self._using_pyargs = pyargs
-            else None
-        )
-        self._noconftest = namespace.noconftest
-        self._using_pyargs = namespace.pyargs
-        testpaths = namespace.file_or_dir + testpaths_ini
         foundanchor = False
-        for testpath in testpaths:
+        for intitial_path in args:
-            path = str(testpath)
+            path = str(intitial_path)
             # remove node-id syntax
             i = path.find("::")
             if i != -1:
@@ -563,10 +561,10 @@ class PytestPluginManager(PluginManager):
             except OSError:  # pragma: no cover
                 anchor_exists = False
             if anchor_exists:
-                self._try_load_conftest(anchor, namespace.importmode, rootpath)
+                self._try_load_conftest(anchor, importmode, rootpath)
                 foundanchor = True
         if not foundanchor:
-            self._try_load_conftest(current, namespace.importmode, rootpath)
+            self._try_load_conftest(current, importmode, rootpath)
 
     def _is_in_confcutdir(self, path: Path) -> bool:
         """Whether a path is within the confcutdir.
@@ -1140,10 +1138,25 @@ class Config:
 
     @hookimpl(trylast=True)
     def pytest_load_initial_conftests(self, early_config: "Config") -> None:
-        self.pluginmanager._set_initial_conftests(
+        # We haven't fully parsed the command line arguments yet, so
-            early_config.known_args_namespace,
+        # early_config.args it not set yet. But we need it for
+        # discovering the initial conftests. So "pre-run" the logic here.
+        # It will be done for real in `parse()`.
+        args, args_source = early_config._decide_args(
+            args=early_config.known_args_namespace.file_or_dir,
+            pyargs=early_config.known_args_namespace.pyargs,
+            testpaths=early_config.getini("testpaths"),
+            invocation_dir=early_config.invocation_params.dir,
             rootpath=early_config.rootpath,
-            testpaths_ini=self.getini("testpaths"),
+            warn=False,
+        )
+        self.pluginmanager._set_initial_conftests(
+            args=args,
+            pyargs=early_config.known_args_namespace.pyargs,
+            noconftest=early_config.known_args_namespace.noconftest,
+            rootpath=early_config.rootpath,
+            confcutdir=early_config.known_args_namespace.confcutdir,
+            importmode=early_config.known_args_namespace.importmode,
         )
 
     def _initini(self, args: Sequence[str]) -> None:
@@ -1223,6 +1236,49 @@ class Config:
 
         return args
 
+    def _decide_args(
+        self,
+        *,
+        args: List[str],
+        pyargs: List[str],
+        testpaths: List[str],
+        invocation_dir: Path,
+        rootpath: Path,
+        warn: bool,
+    ) -> Tuple[List[str], ArgsSource]:
+        """Decide the args (initial paths/nodeids) to use given the relevant inputs.
+
+        :param warn: Whether can issue warnings.
+        """
+        if args:
+            source = Config.ArgsSource.ARGS
+            result = args
+        else:
+            if invocation_dir == rootpath:
+                source = Config.ArgsSource.TESTPATHS
+                if pyargs:
+                    result = testpaths
+                else:
+                    result = []
+                    for path in testpaths:
+                        result.extend(sorted(glob.iglob(path, recursive=True)))
+                    if testpaths and not result:
+                        if warn:
+                            warning_text = (
+                                "No files were found in testpaths; "
+                                "consider removing or adjusting your testpaths configuration. "
+                                "Searching recursively from the current directory instead."
+                            )
+                            self.issue_config_time_warning(
+                                PytestConfigWarning(warning_text), stacklevel=3
+                            )
+            else:
+                result = []
+            if not result:
+                source = Config.ArgsSource.INCOVATION_DIR
+                result = [str(invocation_dir)]
+        return result, source
+
     def _preparse(self, args: List[str], addopts: bool = True) -> None:
         if addopts:
             env_addopts = os.environ.get("PYTEST_ADDOPTS", "")
@@ -1371,34 +1427,17 @@ class Config:
         self.hook.pytest_cmdline_preparse(config=self, args=args)
         self._parser.after_preparse = True  # type: ignore
         try:
-            source = Config.ArgsSource.ARGS
             args = self._parser.parse_setoption(
                 args, self.option, namespace=self.option
             )
-            if not args:
+            self.args, self.args_source = self._decide_args(
-                if self.invocation_params.dir == self.rootpath:
+                args=args,
-                    source = Config.ArgsSource.TESTPATHS
+                pyargs=self.known_args_namespace.pyargs,
-                    testpaths: List[str] = self.getini("testpaths")
+                testpaths=self.getini("testpaths"),
-                    if self.known_args_namespace.pyargs:
+                invocation_dir=self.invocation_params.dir,
-                        args = testpaths
+                rootpath=self.rootpath,
-                    else:
+                warn=True,
-                        args = []
-                        for path in testpaths:
-                            args.extend(sorted(glob.iglob(path, recursive=True)))
-                        if testpaths and not args:
-                            warning_text = (
-                                "No files were found in testpaths; "
-                                "consider removing or adjusting your testpaths configuration. "
-                                "Searching recursively from the current directory instead."
             )
-                            self.issue_config_time_warning(
-                                PytestConfigWarning(warning_text), stacklevel=3
-                            )
-                if not args:
-                    source = Config.ArgsSource.INCOVATION_DIR
-                    args = [str(self.invocation_params.dir)]
-            self.args = args
-            self.args_source = source
         except PrintHelp:
             pass
 

src/_pytest/deprecated.py

@@ -122,6 +122,11 @@ HOOK_LEGACY_MARKING = UnformattedWarning(
     "#configuring-hook-specs-impls-using-markers",
 )
 
+MARKED_FIXTURE = PytestRemovedIn8Warning(
+    "Marks applied to fixtures have no effect\n"
+    "See docs: https://docs.pytest.org/en/stable/deprecations.html#applying-a-mark-to-a-fixture-function"
+)
+
 # You want to make some `__init__` or function "private".
 #
 #   def my_private_function(some, args):

src/_pytest/fixtures.py

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ from _pytest.config import _PluggyPlugin
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.config.argparsing import Parser
 from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
+from _pytest.deprecated import MARKED_FIXTURE
 from _pytest.deprecated import YIELD_FIXTURE
 from _pytest.mark import Mark
 from _pytest.mark import ParameterSet
@@ -1271,6 +1272,9 @@ class FixtureFunctionMarker:
                 "fixture is being applied more than once to the same function"
             )
 
+        if hasattr(function, "pytestmark"):
+            warnings.warn(MARKED_FIXTURE, stacklevel=2)
+
         function = wrap_function_to_error_out_if_called_directly(function, self)
 
         name = self.name or function.__name__

src/_pytest/helpconfig.py

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def pytest_cmdline_parse():
     if config.option.debug:
         # --debug | --debug <file.log> was provided.
         path = config.option.debug
-        debugfile = open(path, "w")
+        debugfile = open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8")
         debugfile.write(
             "versions pytest-%s, "
             "python-%s\ncwd=%s\nargs=%s\n\n"

src/_pytest/logging.py

@@ -515,7 +515,9 @@ class LogCaptureFixture:
         return original_disable_level
 
     def set_level(self, level: Union[int, str], logger: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
-        """Set the level of a logger for the duration of a test.
+        """Set the threshold level of a logger for the duration of a test.
+
+        Logging messages which are less severe than this level will not be captured.
 
         .. versionchanged:: 3.4
             The levels of the loggers changed by this function will be

src/_pytest/main.py

@@ -400,6 +400,12 @@ def pytest_ignore_collect(collection_path: Path, config: Config) -> Optional[boo
     allow_in_venv = config.getoption("collect_in_virtualenv")
     if not allow_in_venv and _in_venv(collection_path):
         return True
+
+    if collection_path.is_dir():
+        norecursepatterns = config.getini("norecursedirs")
+        if any(fnmatch_ex(pat, collection_path) for pat in norecursepatterns):
+            return True
+
     return None
 
 
@@ -563,9 +569,6 @@ class Session(nodes.FSCollector):
         ihook = self.gethookproxy(fspath.parent)
         if ihook.pytest_ignore_collect(collection_path=fspath, config=self.config):
             return False
-        norecursepatterns = self.config.getini("norecursedirs")
-        if any(fnmatch_ex(pat, fspath) for pat in norecursepatterns):
-            return False
         return True
 
     def _collectfile(
@@ -687,8 +690,8 @@ class Session(nodes.FSCollector):
         # are not collected more than once.
         matchnodes_cache: Dict[Tuple[Type[nodes.Collector], str], CollectReport] = {}
 
-        # Dirnames of pkgs with dunder-init files.
+        # Directories of pkgs with dunder-init files.
-        pkg_roots: Dict[str, Package] = {}
+        pkg_roots: Dict[Path, Package] = {}
 
         for argpath, names in self._initial_parts:
             self.trace("processing argument", (argpath, names))
@@ -709,7 +712,7 @@ class Session(nodes.FSCollector):
                             col = self._collectfile(pkginit, handle_dupes=False)
                             if col:
                                 if isinstance(col[0], Package):
-                                    pkg_roots[str(parent)] = col[0]
+                                    pkg_roots[parent] = col[0]
                                 node_cache1[col[0].path] = [col[0]]
 
             # If it's a directory argument, recurse and look for any Subpackages.
@@ -718,7 +721,7 @@ class Session(nodes.FSCollector):
                 assert not names, f"invalid arg {(argpath, names)!r}"
 
                 seen_dirs: Set[Path] = set()
-                for direntry in visit(str(argpath), self._recurse):
+                for direntry in visit(argpath, self._recurse):
                     if not direntry.is_file():
                         continue
 
@@ -733,8 +736,8 @@ class Session(nodes.FSCollector):
                             for x in self._collectfile(pkginit):
                                 yield x
                                 if isinstance(x, Package):
-                                    pkg_roots[str(dirpath)] = x
+                                    pkg_roots[dirpath] = x
-                    if str(dirpath) in pkg_roots:
+                    if dirpath in pkg_roots:
                         # Do not collect packages here.
                         continue
 
@@ -751,7 +754,7 @@ class Session(nodes.FSCollector):
                 if argpath in node_cache1:
                     col = node_cache1[argpath]
                 else:
-                    collect_root = pkg_roots.get(str(argpath.parent), self)
+                    collect_root = pkg_roots.get(argpath.parent, self)
                     col = collect_root._collectfile(argpath, handle_dupes=False)
                     if col:
                         node_cache1[argpath] = col

src/_pytest/mark/expression.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import ast
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import re
+import sys
 import types
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Iterator
@@ -26,6 +27,11 @@ from typing import NoReturn
 from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+    astNameConstant = ast.Constant
+else:
+    astNameConstant = ast.NameConstant
+
 
 __all__ = [
     "Expression",
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@ IDENT_PREFIX = "$"
 
 def expression(s: Scanner) -> ast.Expression:
     if s.accept(TokenType.EOF):
-        ret: ast.expr = ast.NameConstant(False)
+        ret: ast.expr = astNameConstant(False)
     else:
         ret = expr(s)
         s.accept(TokenType.EOF, reject=True)

src/_pytest/mark/structures.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from ..compat import NOTSET
 from ..compat import NotSetType
 from _pytest.config import Config
 from _pytest.deprecated import check_ispytest
+from _pytest.deprecated import MARKED_FIXTURE
 from _pytest.outcomes import fail
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestUnknownMarkWarning
 
@@ -412,6 +413,12 @@ def store_mark(obj, mark: Mark) -> None:
     This is used to implement the Mark declarations/decorators correctly.
     """
     assert isinstance(mark, Mark), mark
+
+    from ..fixtures import getfixturemarker
+
+    if getfixturemarker(obj) is not None:
+        warnings.warn(MARKED_FIXTURE, stacklevel=2)
+
     # Always reassign name to avoid updating pytestmark in a reference that
     # was only borrowed.
     obj.pytestmark = [*get_unpacked_marks(obj, consider_mro=False), mark]

src/_pytest/pytester.py

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import collections.abc
 import contextlib
 import gc
 import importlib
+import locale
 import os
 import platform
 import re
@@ -129,6 +130,7 @@ class LsofFdLeakChecker:
             stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
             check=True,
             text=True,
+            encoding=locale.getpreferredencoding(False),
         ).stdout
 
         def isopen(line: str) -> bool:

src/_pytest/python.py

@@ -734,9 +734,6 @@ class Package(Module):
         ihook = self.session.gethookproxy(fspath.parent)
         if ihook.pytest_ignore_collect(collection_path=fspath, config=self.config):
             return False
-        norecursepatterns = self.config.getini("norecursedirs")
-        if any(fnmatch_ex(pat, fspath) for pat in norecursepatterns):
-            return False
         return True
 
     def _collectfile(
@@ -767,7 +764,9 @@ class Package(Module):
         this_path = self.path.parent
 
         # Always collect the __init__ first.
-        if path_matches_patterns(self.path, self.config.getini("python_files")):
+        if self.session.isinitpath(self.path) or path_matches_patterns(
+            self.path, self.config.getini("python_files")
+        ):
             yield Module.from_parent(self, path=self.path)
 
         pkg_prefixes: Set[Path] = set()

src/_pytest/warning_types.py

@@ -56,6 +56,12 @@ class PytestRemovedIn8Warning(PytestDeprecationWarning):
     __module__ = "pytest"
 
 
+class PytestRemovedIn9Warning(PytestDeprecationWarning):
+    """Warning class for features that will be removed in pytest 9."""
+
+    __module__ = "pytest"
+
+
 class PytestReturnNotNoneWarning(PytestRemovedIn8Warning):
     """Warning emitted when a test function is returning value other than None."""
 

src/_pytest/warnings.py

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@ def catch_warnings_for_item(
             warnings.filterwarnings("always", category=DeprecationWarning)
             warnings.filterwarnings("always", category=PendingDeprecationWarning)
 
+        warnings.filterwarnings("error", category=pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning)
+
         apply_warning_filters(config_filters, cmdline_filters)
 
         # apply filters from "filterwarnings" marks

src/pytest/__init__.py

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ from _pytest.warning_types import PytestConfigWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestDeprecationWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestExperimentalApiWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestRemovedIn8Warning
+from _pytest.warning_types import PytestRemovedIn9Warning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestReturnNotNoneWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning
 from _pytest.warning_types import PytestUnhandledThreadExceptionWarning
@@ -131,6 +132,7 @@ __all__ = [
     "PytestDeprecationWarning",
     "PytestExperimentalApiWarning",
     "PytestRemovedIn8Warning",
+    "PytestRemovedIn9Warning",
     "PytestReturnNotNoneWarning",
     "Pytester",
     "PytestPluginManager",

testing/_py/test_local.py

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+import contextlib
 import multiprocessing
 import os
 import sys
 import time
+import warnings
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
@@ -9,6 +11,14 @@ from py import error
 from py.path import local
 
 
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def ignore_encoding_warning():
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        with contextlib.suppress(NameError):  # new in 3.10
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", EncodingWarning)
+        yield
+
+
 class CommonFSTests:
     def test_constructor_equality(self, path1):
         p = path1.__class__(path1)
@@ -223,6 +233,7 @@ class CommonFSTests:
         assert not (path1 < path1)
 
     def test_simple_read(self, path1):
+        with ignore_encoding_warning():
             x = path1.join("samplefile").read("r")
         assert x == "samplefile\n"
 
@@ -265,11 +276,13 @@ class CommonFSTests:
 
     def test_readlines(self, path1):
         fn = path1.join("samplefile")
+        with ignore_encoding_warning():
             contents = fn.readlines()
         assert contents == ["samplefile\n"]
 
     def test_readlines_nocr(self, path1):
         fn = path1.join("samplefile")
+        with ignore_encoding_warning():
             contents = fn.readlines(cr=0)
         assert contents == ["samplefile", ""]
 
@@ -362,8 +375,8 @@ class CommonFSTests:
         initpy.copy(copied)
         try:
             assert copied.check()
-            s1 = initpy.read()
+            s1 = initpy.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-            s2 = copied.read()
+            s2 = copied.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
             assert s1 == s2
         finally:
             if copied.check():
@@ -376,8 +389,8 @@ class CommonFSTests:
             otherdir.copy(copied)
             assert copied.check(dir=1)
             assert copied.join("__init__.py").check(file=1)
-            s1 = otherdir.join("__init__.py").read()
+            s1 = otherdir.join("__init__.py").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-            s2 = copied.join("__init__.py").read()
+            s2 = copied.join("__init__.py").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
             assert s1 == s2
         finally:
             if copied.check(dir=1):
@@ -463,13 +476,13 @@ def setuptestfs(path):
         return
     # print "setting up test fs for", repr(path)
     samplefile = path.ensure("samplefile")
-    samplefile.write("samplefile\n")
+    samplefile.write_text("samplefile\n", encoding="utf-8")
 
     execfile = path.ensure("execfile")
-    execfile.write("x=42")
+    execfile.write_text("x=42", encoding="utf-8")
 
     execfilepy = path.ensure("execfile.py")
-    execfilepy.write("x=42")
+    execfilepy.write_text("x=42", encoding="utf-8")
 
     d = {1: 2, "hello": "world", "answer": 42}
     path.ensure("samplepickle").dump(d)
@@ -481,22 +494,24 @@ def setuptestfs(path):
     otherdir.ensure("__init__.py")
 
     module_a = otherdir.ensure("a.py")
-    module_a.write("from .b import stuff as result\n")
+    module_a.write_text("from .b import stuff as result\n", encoding="utf-8")
     module_b = otherdir.ensure("b.py")
-    module_b.write('stuff="got it"\n')
+    module_b.write_text('stuff="got it"\n', encoding="utf-8")
     module_c = otherdir.ensure("c.py")
-    module_c.write(
+    module_c.write_text(
         """import py;
 import otherdir.a
 value = otherdir.a.result
-"""
+""",
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     module_d = otherdir.ensure("d.py")
-    module_d.write(
+    module_d.write_text(
         """import py;
 from otherdir import a
 value2 = a.result
-"""
+""",
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
 
 
@@ -534,9 +549,11 @@ def batch_make_numbered_dirs(rootdir, repeats):
     for i in range(repeats):
         dir_ = local.make_numbered_dir(prefix="repro-", rootdir=rootdir)
         file_ = dir_.join("foo")
-        file_.write("%s" % i)
+        file_.write_text("%s" % i, encoding="utf-8")
-        actual = int(file_.read())
+        actual = int(file_.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
-        assert actual == i, f"int(file_.read()) is {actual} instead of {i}"
+        assert (
+            actual == i
+        ), f"int(file_.read_text(encoding='utf-8')) is {actual} instead of {i}"
         dir_.join(".lock").remove(ignore_errors=True)
     return True
 
@@ -692,14 +709,14 @@ class TestLocalPath(CommonFSTests):
 
     def test_open_and_ensure(self, path1):
         p = path1.join("sub1", "sub2", "file")
-        with p.open("w", ensure=1) as f:
+        with p.open("w", ensure=1, encoding="utf-8") as f:
             f.write("hello")
-        assert p.read() == "hello"
+        assert p.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "hello"
 
     def test_write_and_ensure(self, path1):
         p = path1.join("sub1", "sub2", "file")
-        p.write("hello", ensure=1)
+        p.write_text("hello", ensure=1, encoding="utf-8")
-        assert p.read() == "hello"
+        assert p.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "hello"
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("bin", (False, True))
     def test_dump(self, tmpdir, bin):
@@ -770,9 +787,9 @@ class TestLocalPath(CommonFSTests):
         newfile = tmpdir.join("test1", "test")
         newfile.ensure()
         assert newfile.check(file=1)
-        newfile.write("42")
+        newfile.write_text("42", encoding="utf-8")
         newfile.ensure()
-        s = newfile.read()
+        s = newfile.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
         assert s == "42"
 
     def test_ensure_filepath_withoutdir(self, tmpdir):
@@ -806,9 +823,9 @@ class TestLocalPath(CommonFSTests):
         newfilename = "/test" * 60  # type:ignore[unreachable]
         l1 = tmpdir.join(newfilename)
         l1.ensure(file=True)
-        l1.write("foo")
+        l1.write_text("foo", encoding="utf-8")
         l2 = tmpdir.join(newfilename)
-        assert l2.read() == "foo"
+        assert l2.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == "foo"
 
     def test_visit_depth_first(self, tmpdir):
         tmpdir.ensure("a", "1")
@@ -1278,14 +1295,14 @@ class TestPOSIXLocalPath:
     def test_hardlink(self, tmpdir):
         linkpath = tmpdir.join("test")
         filepath = tmpdir.join("file")
-        filepath.write("Hello")
+        filepath.write_text("Hello", encoding="utf-8")
         nlink = filepath.stat().nlink
         linkpath.mklinkto(filepath)
         assert filepath.stat().nlink == nlink + 1
 
     def test_symlink_are_identical(self, tmpdir):
         filepath = tmpdir.join("file")
-        filepath.write("Hello")
+        filepath.write_text("Hello", encoding="utf-8")
         linkpath = tmpdir.join("test")
         linkpath.mksymlinkto(filepath)
         assert linkpath.readlink() == str(filepath)
@@ -1293,7 +1310,7 @@ class TestPOSIXLocalPath:
     def test_symlink_isfile(self, tmpdir):
         linkpath = tmpdir.join("test")
         filepath = tmpdir.join("file")
-        filepath.write("")
+        filepath.write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
         linkpath.mksymlinkto(filepath)
         assert linkpath.check(file=1)
         assert not linkpath.check(link=0, file=1)
@@ -1302,10 +1319,12 @@ class TestPOSIXLocalPath:
     def test_symlink_relative(self, tmpdir):
         linkpath = tmpdir.join("test")
         filepath = tmpdir.join("file")
-        filepath.write("Hello")
+        filepath.write_text("Hello", encoding="utf-8")
         linkpath.mksymlinkto(filepath, absolute=False)
         assert linkpath.readlink() == "file"
-        assert filepath.read() == linkpath.read()
+        assert filepath.read_text(encoding="utf-8") == linkpath.read_text(
+            encoding="utf-8"
+        )
 
     def test_symlink_not_existing(self, tmpdir):
         linkpath = tmpdir.join("testnotexisting")
@@ -1338,7 +1357,7 @@ class TestPOSIXLocalPath:
     def test_realpath_file(self, tmpdir):
         linkpath = tmpdir.join("test")
         filepath = tmpdir.join("file")
-        filepath.write("")
+        filepath.write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
         linkpath.mksymlinkto(filepath)
         realpath = linkpath.realpath()
         assert realpath.basename == "file"
@@ -1383,7 +1402,7 @@ class TestPOSIXLocalPath:
         atime1 = path.atime()
         # we could wait here but timer resolution is very
         # system dependent
-        path.read()
+        path.read_binary()
         time.sleep(ATIME_RESOLUTION)
         atime2 = path.atime()
         time.sleep(ATIME_RESOLUTION)
@@ -1467,7 +1486,7 @@ class TestPOSIXLocalPath:
         test_files = ["a", "b", "c"]
         src = tmpdir.join("src")
         for f in test_files:
-            src.join(f).write(f, ensure=True)
+            src.join(f).write_text(f, ensure=True, encoding="utf-8")
         dst = tmpdir.join("dst")
         # a small delay before the copy
         time.sleep(ATIME_RESOLUTION)
@@ -1521,6 +1540,7 @@ class TestUnicodePy2Py3:
     def test_read_write(self, tmpdir):
         x = tmpdir.join("hello")
         part = "hällo"
+        with ignore_encoding_warning():
             x.write(part)
             assert x.read() == part
             x.write(part.encode(sys.getdefaultencoding()))

testing/acceptance_test.py

@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ class TestGeneralUsage:
     def test_issue109_sibling_conftests_not_loaded(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         sub1 = pytester.mkdir("sub1")
         sub2 = pytester.mkdir("sub2")
-        sub1.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text("assert 0")
+        sub1.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text("assert 0", encoding="utf-8")
         result = pytester.runpytest(sub2)
         assert result.ret == ExitCode.NO_TESTS_COLLECTED
         sub2.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ class TestGeneralUsage:
         assert "invalid" in str(excinfo.value)
 
         p = pytester.path.joinpath("test_test_plugins_given_as_strings.py")
-        p.write_text("def test_foo(): pass")
+        p.write_text("def test_foo(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
         mod = types.ModuleType("myplugin")
         monkeypatch.setitem(sys.modules, "myplugin", mod)
         assert pytest.main(args=[str(pytester.path)], plugins=["myplugin"]) == 0
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ class TestInvocationVariants:
     def test_pyargs_importerror(self, pytester: Pytester, monkeypatch) -> None:
         monkeypatch.delenv("PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE", False)
         path = pytester.mkpydir("tpkg")
-        path.joinpath("test_hello.py").write_text("raise ImportError")
+        path.joinpath("test_hello.py").write_text("raise ImportError", encoding="utf-8")
 
         result = pytester.runpytest("--pyargs", "tpkg.test_hello", syspathinsert=True)
         assert result.ret != 0
@@ -597,10 +597,10 @@ class TestInvocationVariants:
     def test_pyargs_only_imported_once(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         pkg = pytester.mkpydir("foo")
         pkg.joinpath("test_foo.py").write_text(
-            "print('hello from test_foo')\ndef test(): pass"
+            "print('hello from test_foo')\ndef test(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
         )
         pkg.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
-            "def pytest_configure(config): print('configuring')"
+            "def pytest_configure(config): print('configuring')", encoding="utf-8"
         )
 
         result = pytester.runpytest(
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@ class TestInvocationVariants:
 
     def test_pyargs_filename_looks_like_module(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         pytester.path.joinpath("conftest.py").touch()
-        pytester.path.joinpath("t.py").write_text("def test(): pass")
+        pytester.path.joinpath("t.py").write_text("def test(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
         result = pytester.runpytest("--pyargs", "t.py")
         assert result.ret == ExitCode.OK
 
@@ -622,8 +622,12 @@ class TestInvocationVariants:
 
         monkeypatch.delenv("PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE", False)
         path = pytester.mkpydir("tpkg")
-        path.joinpath("test_hello.py").write_text("def test_hello(): pass")
+        path.joinpath("test_hello.py").write_text(
-        path.joinpath("test_world.py").write_text("def test_world(): pass")
+            "def test_hello(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        path.joinpath("test_world.py").write_text(
+            "def test_world(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
         result = pytester.runpytest("--pyargs", "tpkg")
         assert result.ret == 0
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*2 passed*"])
@@ -662,13 +666,15 @@ class TestInvocationVariants:
             ns = d.joinpath("ns_pkg")
             ns.mkdir()
             ns.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text(
-                "__import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)"
+                "__import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)",
+                encoding="utf-8",
             )
             lib = ns.joinpath(dirname)
             lib.mkdir()
             lib.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
             lib.joinpath(f"test_{dirname}.py").write_text(
-                f"def test_{dirname}(): pass\ndef test_other():pass"
+                f"def test_{dirname}(): pass\ndef test_other():pass",
+                encoding="utf-8",
             )
 
         # The structure of the test directory is now:
@@ -754,10 +760,10 @@ class TestInvocationVariants:
         lib.mkdir()
         lib.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
         lib.joinpath("test_bar.py").write_text(
-            "def test_bar(): pass\ndef test_other(a_fixture):pass"
+            "def test_bar(): pass\ndef test_other(a_fixture):pass", encoding="utf-8"
         )
         lib.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
-            "import pytest\n@pytest.fixture\ndef a_fixture():pass"
+            "import pytest\n@pytest.fixture\ndef a_fixture():pass", encoding="utf-8"
         )
 
         d_local = pytester.mkdir("symlink_root")
@@ -1158,7 +1164,6 @@ def test_usage_error_code(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     assert result.ret == ExitCode.USAGE_ERROR
 
 
-@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("default::pytest.PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning")
 def test_warn_on_async_function(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     # In the below we .close() the coroutine only to avoid
     # "RuntimeWarning: coroutine 'test_2' was never awaited"
@@ -1175,7 +1180,7 @@ def test_warn_on_async_function(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             return coro
     """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest()
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-Wdefault")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
         [
             "test_async.py::test_1",
@@ -1191,7 +1196,6 @@ def test_warn_on_async_function(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     )
 
 
-@pytest.mark.filterwarnings("default::pytest.PytestUnhandledCoroutineWarning")
 def test_warn_on_async_gen_function(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     pytester.makepyfile(
         test_async="""
@@ -1203,7 +1207,7 @@ def test_warn_on_async_gen_function(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             return test_2()
     """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest()
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-Wdefault")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
         [
             "test_async.py::test_1",
@@ -1276,8 +1280,7 @@ def test_tee_stdio_captures_and_live_prints(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     result.stderr.fnmatch_lines(["*@this is stderr@*"])
 
     # now ensure the output is in the junitxml
-    with open(pytester.path.joinpath("output.xml")) as f:
+    fullXml = pytester.path.joinpath("output.xml").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
-        fullXml = f.read()
     assert "@this is stdout@\n" in fullXml
     assert "@this is stderr@\n" in fullXml
 

testing/code/test_excinfo.py

@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ def test_excinfo_no_sourcecode():
 
 def test_excinfo_no_python_sourcecode(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     # XXX: simplified locally testable version
-    tmp_path.joinpath("test.txt").write_text("{{ h()}}:")
+    tmp_path.joinpath("test.txt").write_text("{{ h()}}:", encoding="utf-8")
 
     jinja2 = pytest.importorskip("jinja2")
     loader = jinja2.FileSystemLoader(str(tmp_path))
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ class TestFormattedExcinfo:
             source = textwrap.dedent(source)
             modpath = tmp_path.joinpath("mod.py")
             tmp_path.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
-            modpath.write_text(source)
+            modpath.write_text(source, encoding="utf-8")
             importlib.invalidate_caches()
             return import_path(modpath, root=tmp_path)
 
@@ -1023,7 +1023,7 @@ raise ValueError()
         """
         )
         excinfo = pytest.raises(ValueError, mod.f)
-        tmp_path.joinpath("mod.py").write_text("asdf")
+        tmp_path.joinpath("mod.py").write_text("asdf", encoding="utf-8")
         excinfo.traceback = excinfo.traceback.filter(excinfo)
         repr = excinfo.getrepr()
         repr.toterminal(tw_mock)

testing/code/test_source.py

@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ def test_source_of_class_at_eof_without_newline(_sys_snapshot, tmp_path: Path) -
     """
     )
     path = tmp_path.joinpath("a.py")
-    path.write_text(str(source))
+    path.write_text(str(source), encoding="utf-8")
     mod: Any = import_path(path, root=tmp_path)
     s2 = Source(mod.A)
     assert str(source).strip() == str(s2).strip()

testing/deprecated_test.py

@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def test_strict_option_is_deprecated(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         def test_foo(): pass
         """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest("--strict")
+    result = pytester.runpytest("--strict", "-Wdefault::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
         [
             "'unknown' not found in `markers` configuration option",
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ class TestSkipMsgArgumentDeprecated:
                 pytest.skip(msg="skippedmsg")
             """
         )
-        result = pytester.runpytest(p)
+        result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-Wdefault::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
             [
                 "*PytestRemovedIn8Warning: pytest.skip(msg=...) is now deprecated, "
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ class TestSkipMsgArgumentDeprecated:
                 pytest.fail(msg="failedmsg")
             """
         )
-        result = pytester.runpytest(p)
+        result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-Wdefault::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
             [
                 "*PytestRemovedIn8Warning: pytest.fail(msg=...) is now deprecated, "
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class TestSkipMsgArgumentDeprecated:
                 pytest.exit(msg="exitmsg")
             """
         )
-        result = pytester.runpytest(p)
+        result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-Wdefault::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
             [
                 "*PytestRemovedIn8Warning: pytest.exit(msg=...) is now deprecated, "
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ def test_deprecation_of_cmdline_preparse(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 
         """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest()
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-Wdefault::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
         [
             "*PytestRemovedIn8Warning: The pytest_cmdline_preparse hook is deprecated*",
@@ -281,6 +281,57 @@ def test_importing_instance_is_deprecated(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         from _pytest.python import Instance  # noqa: F401
 
 
+def test_fixture_disallow_on_marked_functions():
+    """Test that applying @pytest.fixture to a marked function warns (#3364)."""
+    with pytest.warns(
+        pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning,
+        match=r"Marks applied to fixtures have no effect",
+    ) as record:
+
+        @pytest.fixture
+        @pytest.mark.parametrize("example", ["hello"])
+        @pytest.mark.usefixtures("tmp_path")
+        def foo():
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    # it's only possible to get one warning here because you're already prevented
+    # from applying @fixture twice
+    # ValueError("fixture is being applied more than once to the same function")
+    assert len(record) == 1
+
+
+def test_fixture_disallow_marks_on_fixtures():
+    """Test that applying a mark to a fixture warns (#3364)."""
+    with pytest.warns(
+        pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning,
+        match=r"Marks applied to fixtures have no effect",
+    ) as record:
+
+        @pytest.mark.parametrize("example", ["hello"])
+        @pytest.mark.usefixtures("tmp_path")
+        @pytest.fixture
+        def foo():
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    assert len(record) == 2  # one for each mark decorator
+
+
+def test_fixture_disallowed_between_marks():
+    """Test that applying a mark to a fixture warns (#3364)."""
+    with pytest.warns(
+        pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning,
+        match=r"Marks applied to fixtures have no effect",
+    ) as record:
+
+        @pytest.mark.parametrize("example", ["hello"])
+        @pytest.fixture
+        @pytest.mark.usefixtures("tmp_path")
+        def foo():
+            raise NotImplementedError()
+
+    assert len(record) == 2  # one for each mark decorator
+
+
 @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("default")
 def test_nose_deprecated_with_setup(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     pytest.importorskip("nose")
@@ -299,7 +350,7 @@ def test_nose_deprecated_with_setup(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             ...
         """
     )
-    output = pytester.runpytest()
+    output = pytester.runpytest("-Wdefault::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
     message = [
         "*PytestRemovedIn8Warning: Support for nose tests is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.",
         "*test_nose_deprecated_with_setup.py::test_omits_warnings is using nose method: `setup_fn_no_op` (setup)",
@@ -327,7 +378,7 @@ def test_nose_deprecated_setup_teardown(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
                 ...
         """
     )
-    output = pytester.runpytest()
+    output = pytester.runpytest("-Wdefault::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
     message = [
         "*PytestRemovedIn8Warning: Support for nose tests is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.",
         "*test_nose_deprecated_setup_teardown.py::Test::test is using nose-specific method: `setup(self)`",

testing/example_scripts/collect/package_init_given_as_arg/pkg/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+def test_init():
+    pass

testing/example_scripts/collect/package_init_given_as_arg/pkg/test_foo.py

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-def test():
+def test_foo():
     pass

testing/logging/test_reporting.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def test_root_logger_affected(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     # not the info one, because the default level of the root logger is
     # WARNING.
     assert os.path.isfile(log_file)
-    with open(log_file) as rfh:
+    with open(log_file, encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         contents = rfh.read()
         assert "info text going to logger" not in contents
         assert "warning text going to logger" in contents
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ def test_log_file_cli(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     # make sure that we get a '0' exit code for the testsuite
     assert result.ret == 0
     assert os.path.isfile(log_file)
-    with open(log_file) as rfh:
+    with open(log_file, encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         contents = rfh.read()
         assert "This log message will be shown" in contents
         assert "This log message won't be shown" not in contents
@@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ def test_log_file_cli_level(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     # make sure that we get a '0' exit code for the testsuite
     assert result.ret == 0
     assert os.path.isfile(log_file)
-    with open(log_file) as rfh:
+    with open(log_file, encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         contents = rfh.read()
         assert "This log message will be shown" in contents
         assert "This log message won't be shown" not in contents
@@ -738,7 +738,7 @@ def test_log_file_ini(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     # make sure that we get a '0' exit code for the testsuite
     assert result.ret == 0
     assert os.path.isfile(log_file)
-    with open(log_file) as rfh:
+    with open(log_file, encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         contents = rfh.read()
         assert "This log message will be shown" in contents
         assert "This log message won't be shown" not in contents
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@ def test_log_file_ini_level(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     # make sure that we get a '0' exit code for the testsuite
     assert result.ret == 0
     assert os.path.isfile(log_file)
-    with open(log_file) as rfh:
+    with open(log_file, encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         contents = rfh.read()
         assert "This log message will be shown" in contents
         assert "This log message won't be shown" not in contents
@@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ def test_log_in_hooks(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     )
     result = pytester.runpytest()
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*sessionstart*", "*runtestloop*", "*sessionfinish*"])
-    with open(log_file) as rfh:
+    with open(log_file, encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         contents = rfh.read()
         assert "sessionstart" in contents
         assert "runtestloop" in contents
@@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ def test_log_in_runtest_logreport(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         """
     )
     pytester.runpytest()
-    with open(log_file) as rfh:
+    with open(log_file, encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         contents = rfh.read()
         assert contents.count("logreport") == 3
 
@@ -1065,11 +1065,11 @@ def test_log_set_path(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         """
     )
     pytester.runpytest()
-    with open(os.path.join(report_dir_base, "test_first")) as rfh:
+    with open(os.path.join(report_dir_base, "test_first"), encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         content = rfh.read()
         assert "message from test 1" in content
 
-    with open(os.path.join(report_dir_base, "test_second")) as rfh:
+    with open(os.path.join(report_dir_base, "test_second"), encoding="utf-8") as rfh:
         content = rfh.read()
         assert "message from test 2" in content
 

testing/plugins_integration/requirements.txt

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 anyio[curio,trio]==3.7.0
-django==4.2.1
+django==4.2.2
 pytest-asyncio==0.21.0
 pytest-bdd==6.1.1
 pytest-cov==4.1.0
 pytest-django==4.5.2
 pytest-flakes==4.0.5
 pytest-html==3.2.0
-pytest-mock==3.10.0
+pytest-mock==3.11.1
 pytest-rerunfailures==11.1.2
 pytest-sugar==0.9.7
 pytest-trio==0.7.0
 pytest-twisted==1.14.0
 twisted==22.8.0
-pytest-xvfb==2.0.0
+pytest-xvfb==3.0.0

testing/python/collect.py

@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ class TestModule:
                 """.format(
                     str(root2)
                 )
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
             mp.chdir(root2)
@@ -832,7 +833,8 @@ class TestConftestCustomization:
                     mod = outcome.get_result()
                     mod.obj.hello = "world"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         b.joinpath("test_module.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -840,7 +842,8 @@ class TestConftestCustomization:
                 def test_hello():
                     assert hello == "world"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run()
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=1)
@@ -861,7 +864,8 @@ class TestConftestCustomization:
                             for func in result:
                                 func._some123 = "world"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         b.joinpath("test_module.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -874,7 +878,8 @@ class TestConftestCustomization:
                 def test_hello(obj):
                     assert obj == "world"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run()
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=1)
@@ -897,25 +902,29 @@ class TestConftestCustomization:
     def test_issue2369_collect_module_fileext(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         """Ensure we can collect files with weird file extensions as Python
         modules (#2369)"""
-        # We'll implement a little finder and loader to import files containing
+        # Implement a little meta path finder to import files containing
         # Python source code whose file extension is ".narf".
         pytester.makeconftest(
             """
-            import sys, os, imp
+            import sys
+            import os.path
+            from importlib.util import spec_from_loader
+            from importlib.machinery import SourceFileLoader
             from _pytest.python import Module
 
-            class Loader(object):
+            class MetaPathFinder:
-                def load_module(self, name):
+                def find_spec(self, fullname, path, target=None):
-                    return imp.load_source(name, name + ".narf")
+                    if os.path.exists(fullname + ".narf"):
-            class Finder(object):
+                        return spec_from_loader(
-                def find_module(self, name, path=None):
+                            fullname,
-                    if os.path.exists(name + ".narf"):
+                            SourceFileLoader(fullname, fullname + ".narf"),
-                        return Loader()
+                        )
-            sys.meta_path.append(Finder())
+            sys.meta_path.append(MetaPathFinder())
 
             def pytest_collect_file(file_path, parent):
                 if file_path.suffix == ".narf":
-                    return Module.from_parent(path=file_path, parent=parent)"""
+                    return Module.from_parent(path=file_path, parent=parent)
+            """
         )
         pytester.makefile(
             ".narf",
@@ -970,7 +979,8 @@ def test_setup_only_available_in_subdir(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def pytest_runtest_teardown(item):
                 assert item.path.stem == "test_in_sub1"
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     sub2.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
         textwrap.dedent(
@@ -983,10 +993,11 @@ def test_setup_only_available_in_subdir(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def pytest_runtest_teardown(item):
                 assert item.path.stem == "test_in_sub2"
             """
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
-    )
+    sub1.joinpath("test_in_sub1.py").write_text("def test_1(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
-    sub1.joinpath("test_in_sub1.py").write_text("def test_1(): pass")
+    sub2.joinpath("test_in_sub2.py").write_text("def test_2(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
-    sub2.joinpath("test_in_sub2.py").write_text("def test_2(): pass")
     result = pytester.runpytest("-v", "-s")
     result.assert_outcomes(passed=2)
 
@@ -1374,7 +1385,8 @@ def test_skip_duplicates_by_default(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def test_real():
                 pass
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     result = pytester.runpytest(str(a), str(a))
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*collected 1 item*"])
@@ -1394,7 +1406,8 @@ def test_keep_duplicates(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def test_real():
                 pass
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     result = pytester.runpytest("--keep-duplicates", str(a), str(a))
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*collected 2 item*"])
@@ -1407,10 +1420,15 @@ def test_package_collection_infinite_recursion(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 
 
 def test_package_collection_init_given_as_argument(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
-    """Regression test for #3749"""
+    """Regression test for #3749, #8976, #9263, #9313.
+
+    Specifying an __init__.py file directly should collect only the __init__.py
+    Module, not the entire package.
+    """
     p = pytester.copy_example("collect/package_init_given_as_arg")
-    result = pytester.runpytest(p / "pkg" / "__init__.py")
+    items, hookrecorder = pytester.inline_genitems(p / "pkg" / "__init__.py")
-    result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*1 passed*"])
+    assert len(items) == 1
+    assert items[0].name == "test_init"
 
 
 def test_package_with_modules(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
@@ -1439,8 +1457,12 @@ def test_package_with_modules(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     sub2_test = sub2.joinpath("test")
     sub2_test.mkdir(parents=True)
 
-    sub1_test.joinpath("test_in_sub1.py").write_text("def test_1(): pass")
+    sub1_test.joinpath("test_in_sub1.py").write_text(
-    sub2_test.joinpath("test_in_sub2.py").write_text("def test_2(): pass")
+        "def test_1(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    sub2_test.joinpath("test_in_sub2.py").write_text(
+        "def test_2(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
 
     # Execute from .
     result = pytester.runpytest("-v", "-s")
@@ -1484,9 +1506,11 @@ def test_package_ordering(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     sub2_test = sub2.joinpath("test")
     sub2_test.mkdir(parents=True)
 
-    root.joinpath("Test_root.py").write_text("def test_1(): pass")
+    root.joinpath("Test_root.py").write_text("def test_1(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
-    sub1.joinpath("Test_sub1.py").write_text("def test_2(): pass")
+    sub1.joinpath("Test_sub1.py").write_text("def test_2(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
-    sub2_test.joinpath("test_sub2.py").write_text("def test_3(): pass")
+    sub2_test.joinpath("test_sub2.py").write_text(
+        "def test_3(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
 
     # Execute from .
     result = pytester.runpytest("-v", "-s")

testing/python/fixtures.py

@@ -289,7 +289,8 @@ class TestFillFixtures:
                 def spam():
                     return 'spam'
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         testfile = subdir.joinpath("test_spam.py")
         testfile.write_text(
@@ -298,7 +299,8 @@ class TestFillFixtures:
                 def test_spam(spam):
                     assert spam == "spam"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         result = pytester.runpytest()
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*1 passed*"])
@@ -361,7 +363,8 @@ class TestFillFixtures:
                 def spam(request):
                     return request.param
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         testfile = subdir.joinpath("test_spam.py")
         testfile.write_text(
@@ -373,7 +376,8 @@ class TestFillFixtures:
                     assert spam == params['spam']
                     params['spam'] += 1
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         result = pytester.runpytest()
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*3 passed*"])
@@ -405,7 +409,8 @@ class TestFillFixtures:
                 def spam(request):
                     return request.param
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         testfile = subdir.joinpath("test_spam.py")
         testfile.write_text(
@@ -417,7 +422,8 @@ class TestFillFixtures:
                     assert spam == params['spam']
                     params['spam'] += 1
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         result = pytester.runpytest()
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*3 passed*"])
@@ -1039,10 +1045,11 @@ class TestRequestBasic:
                 def arg1():
                     pass
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         p = b.joinpath("test_module.py")
-        p.write_text("def test_func(arg1): pass")
+        p.write_text("def test_func(arg1): pass", encoding="utf-8")
         result = pytester.runpytest(p, "--fixtures")
         assert result.ret == 0
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
@@ -1619,7 +1626,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
             def one():
                 return 1
             """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         package.joinpath("test_x.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -1627,7 +1635,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                 def test_x(one):
                     assert one == 1
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         sub = package.joinpath("sub")
         sub.mkdir()
@@ -1640,7 +1649,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                 def one():
                     return 2
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         sub.joinpath("test_y.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -1648,7 +1658,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                 def test_x(one):
                     assert one == 2
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run()
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=2)
@@ -1673,7 +1684,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                 def teardown_module():
                     values[:] = []
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         package.joinpath("test_x.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -1682,7 +1694,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                 def test_x():
                     assert values == ["package"]
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         package = pytester.mkdir("package2")
         package.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text(
@@ -1694,7 +1707,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                 def teardown_module():
                     values[:] = []
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         package.joinpath("test_x.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -1703,7 +1717,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                 def test_x():
                     assert values == ["package2"]
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run()
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=2)
@@ -1716,7 +1731,7 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
         )
         pytester.syspathinsert(pytester.path.name)
         package = pytester.mkdir("package")
-        package.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("")
+        package.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
         package.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
                 """\
@@ -1733,7 +1748,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                     yield values
                     values.pop()
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         package.joinpath("test_x.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -1744,7 +1760,8 @@ class TestFixtureManagerParseFactories:
                 def test_package(one):
                     assert values == ["package-auto", "package"]
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run()
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=2)
@@ -1894,8 +1911,12 @@ class TestAutouseDiscovery:
         """
         )
         conftest.rename(a.joinpath(conftest.name))
-        a.joinpath("test_something.py").write_text("def test_func(): pass")
+        a.joinpath("test_something.py").write_text(
-        b.joinpath("test_otherthing.py").write_text("def test_func(): pass")
+            "def test_func(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        b.joinpath("test_otherthing.py").write_text(
+            "def test_func(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
         result = pytester.runpytest()
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
             """
@@ -1941,7 +1962,8 @@ class TestAutouseManagement:
                     import sys
                     sys._myapp = "hello"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         sub = pkgdir.joinpath("tests")
         sub.mkdir()
@@ -1954,7 +1976,8 @@ class TestAutouseManagement:
                 def test_app():
                     assert sys._myapp == "hello"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run("-s")
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=1)
@@ -2887,7 +2910,7 @@ class TestFixtureMarker:
             def browser(request):
 
                 def finalize():
-                    sys.stdout.write_text('Finalized')
+                    sys.stdout.write_text('Finalized', encoding='utf-8')
                 request.addfinalizer(finalize)
                 return {}
         """
@@ -2905,7 +2928,8 @@ class TestFixtureMarker:
                 def test_browser(browser):
                     assert browser['visited'] is True
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         reprec = pytester.runpytest("-s")
         for test in ["test_browser"]:
@@ -3860,7 +3884,8 @@ class TestParameterizedSubRequest:
                 def fix_with_param(request):
                     return request.param
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         testfile = tests_dir.joinpath("test_foos.py")
@@ -3872,7 +3897,8 @@ class TestParameterizedSubRequest:
                 def test_foo(request):
                     request.getfixturevalue('fix_with_param')
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         os.chdir(tests_dir)
@@ -4201,7 +4227,7 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
                 └── test_2.py
         """
         root = pytester.mkdir("root")
-        root.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("values = []")
+        root.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("values = []", encoding="utf-8")
         sub1 = root.joinpath("sub1")
         sub1.mkdir()
         sub1.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
@@ -4216,7 +4242,8 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
                 yield values
                 assert values.pop() == "pre-sub1"
         """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         sub1.joinpath("test_1.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -4225,7 +4252,8 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
             def test_1(fix):
                 assert values == ["pre-sub1"]
         """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         sub2 = root.joinpath("sub2")
         sub2.mkdir()
@@ -4241,7 +4269,8 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
                 yield values
                 assert values.pop() == "pre-sub2"
         """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         sub2.joinpath("test_2.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -4250,7 +4279,8 @@ class TestScopeOrdering:
             def test_2(fix):
                 assert values == ["pre-sub2"]
         """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         reprec = pytester.inline_run()
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=2)

testing/python/metafunc.py

@@ -1472,7 +1472,8 @@ class TestMetafuncFunctional:
                 def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
                     assert metafunc.function.__name__ == "test_1"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         sub2.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -1480,10 +1481,15 @@ class TestMetafuncFunctional:
                 def pytest_generate_tests(metafunc):
                     assert metafunc.function.__name__ == "test_2"
                 """
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
+        sub1.joinpath("test_in_sub1.py").write_text(
+            "def test_1(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        sub2.joinpath("test_in_sub2.py").write_text(
+            "def test_2(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
         )
-        sub1.joinpath("test_in_sub1.py").write_text("def test_1(): pass")
-        sub2.joinpath("test_in_sub2.py").write_text("def test_2(): pass")
         result = pytester.runpytest("--keep-duplicates", "-v", "-s", sub1, sub2, sub1)
         result.assert_outcomes(passed=3)
 

testing/test_assertion.py

@@ -1392,14 +1392,14 @@ def test_sequence_comparison_uses_repr(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 def test_assertrepr_loaded_per_dir(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     pytester.makepyfile(test_base=["def test_base(): assert 1 == 2"])
     a = pytester.mkdir("a")
-    a.joinpath("test_a.py").write_text("def test_a(): assert 1 == 2")
+    a.joinpath("test_a.py").write_text("def test_a(): assert 1 == 2", encoding="utf-8")
     a.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
-        'def pytest_assertrepr_compare(): return ["summary a"]'
+        'def pytest_assertrepr_compare(): return ["summary a"]', encoding="utf-8"
     )
     b = pytester.mkdir("b")
-    b.joinpath("test_b.py").write_text("def test_b(): assert 1 == 2")
+    b.joinpath("test_b.py").write_text("def test_b(): assert 1 == 2", encoding="utf-8")
     b.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
-        'def pytest_assertrepr_compare(): return ["summary b"]'
+        'def pytest_assertrepr_compare(): return ["summary b"]', encoding="utf-8"
     )
 
     result = pytester.runpytest()

testing/test_assertrewrite.py

@@ -160,7 +160,8 @@ class TestAssertionRewrite:
             "def special_asserter():\n"
             "    def special_assert(x, y):\n"
             "        assert x == y\n"
-            "    return special_assert\n"
+            "    return special_assert\n",
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         pytester.makeconftest('pytest_plugins = ["plugin"]')
         pytester.makepyfile("def test(special_asserter): special_asserter(1, 2)\n")
@@ -173,7 +174,9 @@ class TestAssertionRewrite:
         pytester.makepyfile(test_y="x = 1")
         xdir = pytester.mkdir("x")
         pytester.mkpydir(str(xdir.joinpath("test_Y")))
-        xdir.joinpath("test_Y").joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("x = 2")
+        xdir.joinpath("test_Y").joinpath("__init__.py").write_text(
+            "x = 2", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
         pytester.makepyfile(
             "import test_y\n"
             "import test_Y\n"
@@ -726,7 +729,7 @@ class TestAssertionRewrite:
 
 class TestRewriteOnImport:
     def test_pycache_is_a_file(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
-        pytester.path.joinpath("__pycache__").write_text("Hello")
+        pytester.path.joinpath("__pycache__").write_text("Hello", encoding="utf-8")
         pytester.makepyfile(
             """
             def test_rewritten():
@@ -903,7 +906,8 @@ def test_rewritten():
         pkg.joinpath("test_blah.py").write_text(
             """
 def test_rewritten():
-    assert "@py_builtins" in globals()"""
+    assert "@py_builtins" in globals()""",
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         assert pytester.runpytest().ret == 0
 
@@ -1066,7 +1070,7 @@ class TestAssertionRewriteHookDetails:
         source = tmp_path / "source.py"
         pyc = Path(str(source) + "c")
 
-        source.write_text("def test(): pass")
+        source.write_text("def test(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
         py_compile.compile(str(source), str(pyc))
 
         contents = pyc.read_bytes()
@@ -1092,7 +1096,7 @@ class TestAssertionRewriteHookDetails:
         fn = tmp_path / "source.py"
         pyc = Path(str(fn) + "c")
 
-        fn.write_text("def test(): assert True")
+        fn.write_text("def test(): assert True", encoding="utf-8")
 
         source_stat, co = _rewrite_test(fn, config)
         _write_pyc(state, co, source_stat, pyc)
@@ -1157,7 +1161,7 @@ class TestAssertionRewriteHookDetails:
                 return False
 
             def rewrite_self():
-                with open(__file__, 'w') as self:
+                with open(__file__, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as self:
                     self.write('def reloaded(): return True')
             """,
             test_fun="""
@@ -1187,9 +1191,10 @@ class TestAssertionRewriteHookDetails:
                         data = pkgutil.get_data('foo.test_foo', 'data.txt')
                         assert data == b'Hey'
                 """
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
-        )
+        path.joinpath("data.txt").write_text("Hey", encoding="utf-8")
-        path.joinpath("data.txt").write_text("Hey")
         result = pytester.runpytest()
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*1 passed*"])
 

testing/test_cacheprovider.py

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ class TestNewAPI:
     @pytest.mark.filterwarnings("ignore:could not create cache path")
     def test_cache_writefail_cachfile_silent(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         pytester.makeini("[pytest]")
-        pytester.path.joinpath(".pytest_cache").write_text("gone wrong")
+        pytester.path.joinpath(".pytest_cache").write_text(
+            "gone wrong", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
         config = pytester.parseconfigure()
         cache = config.cache
         assert cache is not None
@@ -1134,7 +1136,9 @@ class TestNewFirst:
             ["*test_2/test_2.py::test_1 PASSED*", "*test_1/test_1.py::test_1 PASSED*"]
         )
 
-        p1.write_text("def test_1(): assert 1\n" "def test_2(): assert 1\n")
+        p1.write_text(
+            "def test_1(): assert 1\n" "def test_2(): assert 1\n", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
         os.utime(p1, ns=(p1.stat().st_atime_ns, int(1e9)))
 
         result = pytester.runpytest("--nf", "--collect-only", "-q")
@@ -1207,7 +1211,8 @@ class TestNewFirst:
         p1.write_text(
             "import pytest\n"
             "@pytest.mark.parametrize('num', [1, 2, 3])\n"
-            "def test_1(num): assert num\n"
+            "def test_1(num): assert num\n",
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         os.utime(p1, ns=(p1.stat().st_atime_ns, int(1e9)))
 
@@ -1259,7 +1264,7 @@ def test_gitignore(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     assert gitignore_path.read_text(encoding="UTF-8") == msg
 
     # Does not overwrite existing/custom one.
-    gitignore_path.write_text("custom")
+    gitignore_path.write_text("custom", encoding="utf-8")
     cache.set("something", "else")
     assert gitignore_path.read_text(encoding="UTF-8") == "custom"
 

testing/test_capture.py

@@ -750,9 +750,10 @@ def test_setup_failure_does_not_kill_capturing(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def pytest_runtest_setup(item):
                 raise ValueError(42)
             """
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
-    )
+    sub1.joinpath("test_mod.py").write_text("def test_func1(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
-    sub1.joinpath("test_mod.py").write_text("def test_func1(): pass")
     result = pytester.runpytest(pytester.path, "--traceconfig")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*ValueError(42)*", "*1 error*"])
 
@@ -1523,9 +1524,9 @@ def test_global_capture_with_live_logging(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         def pytest_runtest_logreport(report):
             if "test_global" in report.nodeid:
                 if report.when == "teardown":
-                    with open("caplog", "w") as f:
+                    with open("caplog", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                         f.write(report.caplog)
-                    with open("capstdout", "w") as f:
+                    with open("capstdout", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                         f.write(report.capstdout)
         """
     )
@@ -1555,14 +1556,14 @@ def test_global_capture_with_live_logging(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     result = pytester.runpytest_subprocess("--log-cli-level=INFO")
     assert result.ret == 0
 
-    with open("caplog") as f:
+    with open("caplog", encoding="utf-8") as f:
         caplog = f.read()
 
     assert "fix setup" in caplog
     assert "something in test" in caplog
     assert "fix teardown" in caplog
 
-    with open("capstdout") as f:
+    with open("capstdout", encoding="utf-8") as f:
         capstdout = f.read()
 
     assert "fix setup" in capstdout

testing/test_collection.py

@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class TestCollectFS:
         ensure_file(tmp_path / ".bzr" / "test_notfound.py")
         ensure_file(tmp_path / "normal" / "test_found.py")
         for x in tmp_path.rglob("test_*.py"):
-            x.write_text("def test_hello(): pass", "utf-8")
+            x.write_text("def test_hello(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
 
         result = pytester.runpytest("--collect-only")
         s = result.stdout.str()
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class TestCollectFS:
         bindir = "Scripts" if sys.platform.startswith("win") else "bin"
         ensure_file(pytester.path / "virtual" / bindir / fname)
         testfile = ensure_file(pytester.path / "virtual" / "test_invenv.py")
-        testfile.write_text("def test_hello(): pass")
+        testfile.write_text("def test_hello(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
 
         # by default, ignore tests inside a virtualenv
         result = pytester.runpytest()
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class TestCollectFS:
         # norecursedirs takes priority
         ensure_file(pytester.path / ".virtual" / bindir / fname)
         testfile = ensure_file(pytester.path / ".virtual" / "test_invenv.py")
-        testfile.write_text("def test_hello(): pass")
+        testfile.write_text("def test_hello(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
         result = pytester.runpytest("--collect-in-virtualenv")
         result.stdout.no_fnmatch_line("*test_invenv*")
         # ...unless the virtualenv is explicitly given on the CLI
@@ -231,10 +231,14 @@ class TestCollectFS:
         )
         tmp_path = pytester.path
         ensure_file(tmp_path / "mydir" / "test_hello.py").write_text(
-            "def test_1(): pass"
+            "def test_1(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        ensure_file(tmp_path / "xyz123" / "test_2.py").write_text(
+            "def test_2(): 0/0", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        ensure_file(tmp_path / "xy" / "test_ok.py").write_text(
+            "def test_3(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
         )
-        ensure_file(tmp_path / "xyz123" / "test_2.py").write_text("def test_2(): 0/0")
-        ensure_file(tmp_path / "xy" / "test_ok.py").write_text("def test_3(): pass")
         rec = pytester.inline_run()
         rec.assertoutcome(passed=1)
         rec = pytester.inline_run("xyz123/test_2.py")
@@ -248,12 +252,14 @@ class TestCollectFS:
         """
         )
         tmp_path = pytester.path
-        ensure_file(tmp_path / "a" / "test_1.py").write_text("def test_a(): pass")
+        ensure_file(tmp_path / "a" / "test_1.py").write_text(
+            "def test_a(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
         ensure_file(tmp_path / "b" / "tests" / "test_2.py").write_text(
-            "def test_b(): pass"
+            "def test_b(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
         )
         ensure_file(tmp_path / "c" / "tests" / "test_3.py").write_text(
-            "def test_c(): pass"
+            "def test_c(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
         )
 
         # executing from rootdir only tests from `testpaths` directories
@@ -349,8 +355,8 @@ class TestCustomConftests:
         """
         )
         sub = pytester.mkdir("xy123")
-        ensure_file(sub / "test_hello.py").write_text("syntax error")
+        ensure_file(sub / "test_hello.py").write_text("syntax error", encoding="utf-8")
-        sub.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text("syntax error")
+        sub.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text("syntax error", encoding="utf-8")
         pytester.makepyfile("def test_hello(): pass")
         pytester.makepyfile(test_one="syntax error")
         result = pytester.runpytest("--fulltrace")
@@ -1060,13 +1066,18 @@ def test_fixture_scope_sibling_conftests(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def fix():
                 return 1
             """
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
+    foo_path.joinpath("test_foo.py").write_text(
+        "def test_foo(fix): assert fix == 1", encoding="utf-8"
     )
-    foo_path.joinpath("test_foo.py").write_text("def test_foo(fix): assert fix == 1")
 
     # Tests in `food/` should not see the conftest fixture from `foo/`
     food_path = pytester.mkpydir("food")
-    food_path.joinpath("test_food.py").write_text("def test_food(fix): assert fix == 1")
+    food_path.joinpath("test_food.py").write_text(
+        "def test_food(fix): assert fix == 1", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
 
     res = pytester.runpytest()
     assert res.ret == 1
@@ -1197,7 +1208,8 @@ def test_collect_with_chdir_during_import(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             os.chdir(%r)
             """
             % (str(subdir),)
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     pytester.makepyfile(
         """
@@ -1227,8 +1239,12 @@ def test_collect_pyargs_with_testpaths(
 ) -> None:
     testmod = pytester.mkdir("testmod")
     # NOTE: __init__.py is not collected since it does not match python_files.
-    testmod.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("def test_func(): pass")
+    testmod.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text(
-    testmod.joinpath("test_file.py").write_text("def test_func(): pass")
+        "def test_func(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    testmod.joinpath("test_file.py").write_text(
+        "def test_func(): pass", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
 
     root = pytester.mkdir("root")
     root.joinpath("pytest.ini").write_text(
@@ -1238,7 +1254,8 @@ def test_collect_pyargs_with_testpaths(
         addopts = --pyargs
         testpaths = testmod
     """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     monkeypatch.setenv("PYTHONPATH", str(pytester.path), prepend=os.pathsep)
     with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
@@ -1256,7 +1273,8 @@ def test_initial_conftests_with_testpaths(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def pytest_sessionstart(session):
                 raise Exception("pytest_sessionstart hook successfully run")
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     pytester.makeini(
         """
@@ -1264,11 +1282,18 @@ def test_initial_conftests_with_testpaths(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         testpaths = some_path
         """
     )
+
+    # No command line args - falls back to testpaths.
     result = pytester.runpytest()
+    assert result.ret == ExitCode.INTERNAL_ERROR
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
         "INTERNALERROR* Exception: pytest_sessionstart hook successfully run"
     )
 
+    # No fallback.
+    result = pytester.runpytest(".")
+    assert result.ret == ExitCode.NO_TESTS_COLLECTED
+
 
 def test_large_option_breaks_initial_conftests(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     """Long option values do not break initial conftests handling (#10169)."""
@@ -1316,6 +1341,7 @@ def test_collect_symlink_out_of_tree(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             assert request.node.nodeid == "test_real.py::test_nodeid"
         """
         ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
 
     out_of_tree = pytester.mkdir("out_of_tree")
@@ -1344,12 +1370,16 @@ def test_collect_symlink_dir(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 def test_collectignore_via_conftest(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     """collect_ignore in parent conftest skips importing child (issue #4592)."""
     tests = pytester.mkpydir("tests")
-    tests.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text("collect_ignore = ['ignore_me']")
+    tests.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
+        "collect_ignore = ['ignore_me']", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
 
     ignore_me = tests.joinpath("ignore_me")
     ignore_me.mkdir()
     ignore_me.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
-    ignore_me.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text("assert 0, 'should_not_be_called'")
+    ignore_me.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
+        "assert 0, 'should_not_be_called'", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
 
     result = pytester.runpytest()
     assert result.ret == ExitCode.NO_TESTS_COLLECTED
@@ -1358,23 +1388,31 @@ def test_collectignore_via_conftest(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 def test_collect_pkg_init_and_file_in_args(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     subdir = pytester.mkdir("sub")
     init = subdir.joinpath("__init__.py")
-    init.write_text("def test_init(): pass")
+    init.write_text("def test_init(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
     p = subdir.joinpath("test_file.py")
-    p.write_text("def test_file(): pass")
+    p.write_text("def test_file(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
 
-    # NOTE: without "-o python_files=*.py" this collects test_file.py twice.
+    # Just the package directory, the __init__.py module is filtered out.
-    # This changed/broke with "Add package scoped fixtures #2283" (2b1410895)
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-v", subdir)
-    # initially (causing a RecursionError).
-    result = pytester.runpytest("-v", str(init), str(p))
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
         [
             "sub/test_file.py::test_file PASSED*",
+            "*1 passed in*",
+        ]
+    )
+
+    # But it's included if specified directly.
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-v", init, p)
+    result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
+        [
+            "sub/__init__.py::test_init PASSED*",
             "sub/test_file.py::test_file PASSED*",
             "*2 passed in*",
         ]
     )
 
-    result = pytester.runpytest("-v", "-o", "python_files=*.py", str(init), str(p))
+    # Or if the pattern allows it.
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-v", "-o", "python_files=*.py", subdir)
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
         [
             "sub/__init__.py::test_init PASSED*",
@@ -1387,12 +1425,15 @@ def test_collect_pkg_init_and_file_in_args(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 def test_collect_pkg_init_only(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     subdir = pytester.mkdir("sub")
     init = subdir.joinpath("__init__.py")
-    init.write_text("def test_init(): pass")
+    init.write_text("def test_init(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
 
-    result = pytester.runpytest(str(init))
+    result = pytester.runpytest(subdir)
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*no tests ran in*"])
 
-    result = pytester.runpytest("-v", "-o", "python_files=*.py", str(init))
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-v", init)
+    result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["sub/__init__.py::test_init PASSED*", "*1 passed in*"])
+
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-v", "-o", "python_files=*.py", subdir)
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["sub/__init__.py::test_init PASSED*", "*1 passed in*"])
 
 
@@ -1402,7 +1443,7 @@ def test_collect_sub_with_symlinks(use_pkg: bool, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     sub = pytester.mkdir("sub")
     if use_pkg:
         sub.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
-    sub.joinpath("test_file.py").write_text("def test_file(): pass")
+    sub.joinpath("test_file.py").write_text("def test_file(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
 
     # Create a broken symlink.
     symlink_or_skip("test_doesnotexist.py", sub.joinpath("test_broken.py"))
@@ -1440,7 +1481,7 @@ def test_collector_respects_tbstyle(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 def test_does_not_eagerly_collect_packages(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     pytester.makepyfile("def test(): pass")
     pydir = pytester.mkpydir("foopkg")
-    pydir.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("assert False")
+    pydir.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("assert False", encoding="utf-8")
     result = pytester.runpytest()
     assert result.ret == ExitCode.OK
 

testing/test_config.py

@@ -87,7 +87,8 @@ class TestParseIni:
                 [pytest]
                 addopts = --verbose
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         config = pytester.parseconfig(tmp_path)
         assert config.option.color == "no"
@@ -127,7 +128,8 @@ class TestParseIni:
         """.format(
                     section=section
                 )
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         config = pytester.parseconfig()
         assert config.getini("minversion") == "3.36"
@@ -150,7 +152,8 @@ class TestParseIni:
             [pytest]
             minversion = 2.0
         """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.ini").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -158,13 +161,16 @@ class TestParseIni:
             [pytest]
             minversion = 1.5
         """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         config = pytester.parseconfigure(sub)
         assert config.getini("minversion") == "2.0"
 
     def test_ini_parse_error(self, pytester: Pytester) -> None:
-        pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.ini").write_text("addopts = -x")
+        pytester.path.joinpath("pytest.ini").write_text(
+            "addopts = -x", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
         result = pytester.runpytest()
         assert result.ret != 0
         result.stderr.fnmatch_lines("ERROR: *pytest.ini:1: no section header defined")
@@ -634,7 +640,7 @@ class TestConfigAPI:
     def test_getconftest_pathlist(self, pytester: Pytester, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
         somepath = tmp_path.joinpath("x", "y", "z")
         p = tmp_path.joinpath("conftest.py")
-        p.write_text(f"mylist = {['.', str(somepath)]}")
+        p.write_text(f"mylist = {['.', str(somepath)]}", encoding="utf-8")
         config = pytester.parseconfigure(p)
         assert (
             config._getconftest_pathlist("notexist", path=tmp_path, rootpath=tmp_path)
@@ -910,7 +916,8 @@ class TestConfigFromdictargs:
                 [pytest]
                 name = value
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         inifilename = "../../foo/bar.ini"
@@ -927,7 +934,8 @@ class TestConfigFromdictargs:
                 name = wrong-value
                 should_not_be_set = true
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         with MonkeyPatch.context() as mp:
             mp.chdir(cwd)
@@ -1176,7 +1184,7 @@ def test_cmdline_processargs_simple(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             args.append("-h")
     """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest()
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-Wignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*pytest*", "*-h*"])
 
 
@@ -1387,7 +1395,7 @@ class TestRootdir:
     )
     def test_with_ini(self, tmp_path: Path, name: str, contents: str) -> None:
         inipath = tmp_path / name
-        inipath.write_text(contents, "utf-8")
+        inipath.write_text(contents, encoding="utf-8")
 
         a = tmp_path / "a"
         a.mkdir()
@@ -1446,7 +1454,7 @@ class TestRootdir:
     ) -> None:
         p = tmp_path / name
         p.touch()
-        p.write_text(contents, "utf-8")
+        p.write_text(contents, encoding="utf-8")
         rootpath, inipath, ini_config = determine_setup(str(p), [str(tmp_path)])
         assert rootpath == tmp_path
         assert inipath == p
@@ -1542,7 +1550,8 @@ class TestOverrideIniArgs:
             custom = 1.0""".format(
                     section=section
                 )
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         pytester.makeconftest(
             """

testing/test_conftest.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import argparse
 import os
 import textwrap
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -7,6 +6,8 @@ from typing import Dict
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import List
 from typing import Optional
+from typing import Sequence
+from typing import Union
 
 import pytest
 from _pytest.config import ExitCode
@@ -24,18 +25,18 @@ def ConftestWithSetinitial(path) -> PytestPluginManager:
 
 
 def conftest_setinitial(
-    conftest: PytestPluginManager, args, confcutdir: Optional["os.PathLike[str]"] = None
+    conftest: PytestPluginManager,
+    args: Sequence[Union[str, Path]],
+    confcutdir: Optional[Path] = None,
 ) -> None:
-    class Namespace:
+    conftest._set_initial_conftests(
-        def __init__(self) -> None:
+        args=args,
-            self.file_or_dir = args
+        pyargs=False,
-            self.confcutdir = os.fspath(confcutdir) if confcutdir is not None else None
+        noconftest=False,
-            self.noconftest = False
+        rootpath=Path(args[0]),
-            self.pyargs = False
+        confcutdir=confcutdir,
-            self.importmode = "prepend"
+        importmode="prepend",
-
+    )
-    namespace = cast(argparse.Namespace, Namespace())
-    conftest._set_initial_conftests(namespace, rootpath=Path(args[0]), testpaths_ini=[])
 
 
 @pytest.mark.usefixtures("_sys_snapshot")
@@ -46,8 +47,12 @@ class TestConftestValueAccessGlobal:
     ) -> Generator[Path, None, None]:
         tmp_path = tmp_path_factory.mktemp("basedir", numbered=True)
         tmp_path.joinpath("adir/b").mkdir(parents=True)
-        tmp_path.joinpath("adir/conftest.py").write_text("a=1 ; Directory = 3")
+        tmp_path.joinpath("adir/conftest.py").write_text(
-        tmp_path.joinpath("adir/b/conftest.py").write_text("b=2 ; a = 1.5")
+            "a=1 ; Directory = 3", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
+        tmp_path.joinpath("adir/b/conftest.py").write_text(
+            "b=2 ; a = 1.5", encoding="utf-8"
+        )
         if request.param == "inpackage":
             tmp_path.joinpath("adir/__init__.py").touch()
             tmp_path.joinpath("adir/b/__init__.py").touch()
@@ -122,8 +127,12 @@ class TestConftestValueAccessGlobal:
 
 def test_conftest_in_nonpkg_with_init(tmp_path: Path, _sys_snapshot) -> None:
     tmp_path.joinpath("adir-1.0/b").mkdir(parents=True)
-    tmp_path.joinpath("adir-1.0/conftest.py").write_text("a=1 ; Directory = 3")
+    tmp_path.joinpath("adir-1.0/conftest.py").write_text(
-    tmp_path.joinpath("adir-1.0/b/conftest.py").write_text("b=2 ; a = 1.5")
+        "a=1 ; Directory = 3", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
+    tmp_path.joinpath("adir-1.0/b/conftest.py").write_text(
+        "b=2 ; a = 1.5", encoding="utf-8"
+    )
     tmp_path.joinpath("adir-1.0/b/__init__.py").touch()
     tmp_path.joinpath("adir-1.0/__init__.py").touch()
     ConftestWithSetinitial(tmp_path.joinpath("adir-1.0", "b"))
@@ -166,7 +175,7 @@ def test_conftest_global_import(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         sub = Path("sub")
         sub.mkdir()
         subconf = sub / "conftest.py"
-        subconf.write_text("y=4")
+        subconf.write_text("y=4", encoding="utf-8")
         mod2 = conf._importconftest(subconf, importmode="prepend", rootpath=Path.cwd())
         assert mod != mod2
         assert mod2.y == 4
@@ -245,7 +254,8 @@ def test_conftest_confcutdir(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def pytest_addoption(parser):
                 parser.addoption("--xyz", action="store_true")
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     result = pytester.runpytest("-h", "--confcutdir=%s" % x, x)
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*--xyz*"])
@@ -273,9 +283,12 @@ def test_installed_conftest_is_picked_up(pytester: Pytester, tmp_path: Path) ->
             @pytest.fixture
             def fix(): return None
             """
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
+    tmp_path.joinpath("foo", "test_it.py").write_text(
+        "def test_it(fix): pass", encoding="utf-8"
     )
-    tmp_path.joinpath("foo", "test_it.py").write_text("def test_it(fix): pass")
     result = pytester.runpytest("--pyargs", "foo")
     assert result.ret == 0
 
@@ -400,7 +413,8 @@ def test_conftest_existing_junitxml(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def pytest_addoption(parser):
                 parser.addoption("--xyz", action="store_true")
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     pytester.makefile(ext=".xml", junit="")  # Writes junit.xml
     result = pytester.runpytest("-h", "--junitxml", "junit.xml")
@@ -411,7 +425,7 @@ def test_conftest_import_order(pytester: Pytester, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) ->
     ct1 = pytester.makeconftest("")
     sub = pytester.mkdir("sub")
     ct2 = sub / "conftest.py"
-    ct2.write_text("")
+    ct2.write_text("", encoding="utf-8")
 
     def impct(p, importmode, root):
         return p
@@ -449,7 +463,8 @@ def test_fixture_dependency(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def bar(foo):
                 return 'bar'
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     subsub = sub.joinpath("subsub")
     subsub.mkdir()
@@ -466,7 +481,8 @@ def test_fixture_dependency(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def test_event_fixture(bar):
                 assert bar == 'sub bar'
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     result = pytester.runpytest("sub")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*1 passed*"])
@@ -480,10 +496,11 @@ def test_conftest_found_with_double_dash(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def pytest_addoption(parser):
                 parser.addoption("--hello-world", action="store_true")
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     p = sub.joinpath("test_hello.py")
-    p.write_text("def test_hello(): pass")
+    p.write_text("def test_hello(): pass", encoding="utf-8")
     result = pytester.runpytest(str(p) + "::test_hello", "-h")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
         """
@@ -507,7 +524,8 @@ class TestConftestVisibility:
                 def fxtr():
                     return "from-package"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         package.joinpath("test_pkgroot.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -515,7 +533,8 @@ class TestConftestVisibility:
                 def test_pkgroot(fxtr):
                     assert fxtr == "from-package"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         swc = package.joinpath("swc")
@@ -529,7 +548,8 @@ class TestConftestVisibility:
                 def fxtr():
                     return "from-swc"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         swc.joinpath("test_with_conftest.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -537,7 +557,8 @@ class TestConftestVisibility:
                 def test_with_conftest(fxtr):
                     assert fxtr == "from-swc"
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         snc = package.joinpath("snc")
@@ -550,7 +571,8 @@ class TestConftestVisibility:
                     assert fxtr == "from-package"   # No local conftest.py, so should
                                                     # use value from parent dir's
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         print("created directory structure:")
         for x in pytester.path.glob("**/"):
@@ -616,7 +638,7 @@ def test_search_conftest_up_to_inifile(
     root = pytester.path
     src = root.joinpath("src")
     src.mkdir()
-    src.joinpath("pytest.ini").write_text("[pytest]")
+    src.joinpath("pytest.ini").write_text("[pytest]", encoding="utf-8")
     src.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
         textwrap.dedent(
             """\
@@ -624,7 +646,8 @@ def test_search_conftest_up_to_inifile(
             @pytest.fixture
             def fix1(): pass
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     src.joinpath("test_foo.py").write_text(
         textwrap.dedent(
@@ -634,7 +657,8 @@ def test_search_conftest_up_to_inifile(
             def test_2(out_of_reach):
                 pass
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     root.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text(
         textwrap.dedent(
@@ -643,7 +667,8 @@ def test_search_conftest_up_to_inifile(
             @pytest.fixture
             def out_of_reach(): pass
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
 
     args = [str(src)]
@@ -726,7 +751,8 @@ def test_required_option_help(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             def pytest_addoption(parser):
                 parser.addoption("--xyz", action="store_true", required=True)
             """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     result = pytester.runpytest("-h", x)
     result.stdout.no_fnmatch_line("*argument --xyz is required*")

testing/test_doctest.py

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class TestDoctests:
         reprec.assertoutcome(failed=1)
 
     def test_importmode(self, pytester: Pytester):
-        p = pytester.makepyfile(
+        pytester.makepyfile(
             **{
                 "namespacepkg/innerpkg/__init__.py": "",
                 "namespacepkg/innerpkg/a.py": """
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class TestDoctests:
                 """,
             }
         )
-        reprec = pytester.inline_run(p, "--doctest-modules", "--import-mode=importlib")
+        reprec = pytester.inline_run("--doctest-modules", "--import-mode=importlib")
         reprec.assertoutcome(passed=1)
 
     def test_new_pattern(self, pytester: Pytester):
@@ -357,7 +357,8 @@ class TestDoctests:
                         >>> 1/0
                         '''
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         result = pytester.runpytest("--doctest-modules")
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
@@ -448,7 +449,8 @@ class TestDoctests:
                 """\
                 import asdalsdkjaslkdjasd
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         pytester.maketxtfile(
             """
@@ -492,7 +494,8 @@ class TestDoctests:
                         2
                     '''
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         result = pytester.runpytest(p, "--doctest-modules")
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
@@ -1566,7 +1569,9 @@ def test_warning_on_unwrap_of_broken_object(
 
 def test_is_setup_py_not_named_setup_py(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
     not_setup_py = tmp_path.joinpath("not_setup.py")
-    not_setup_py.write_text('from setuptools import setup; setup(name="foo")')
+    not_setup_py.write_text(
+        'from setuptools import setup; setup(name="foo")', encoding="utf-8"
+    )
     assert not _is_setup_py(not_setup_py)
 
 

testing/test_junitxml.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ from _pytest.stash import Stash
 def schema() -> xmlschema.XMLSchema:
     """Return an xmlschema.XMLSchema object for the junit-10.xsd file."""
     fn = Path(__file__).parent / "example_scripts/junit-10.xsd"
-    with fn.open() as f:
+    with fn.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
         return xmlschema.XMLSchema(f)
 
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class RunAndParse:
         xml_path = self.pytester.path.joinpath("junit.xml")
         result = self.pytester.runpytest("--junitxml=%s" % xml_path, *args)
         if family == "xunit2":
-            with xml_path.open() as f:
+            with xml_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 self.schema.validate(f)
         xmldoc = minidom.parse(str(xml_path))
         return result, DomNode(xmldoc)
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@ class TestPython:
         self, pytester: Pytester, run_and_parse: RunAndParse, xunit_family: str
     ) -> None:
         p = pytester.mkdir("sub").joinpath("test_hello.py")
-        p.write_text("def test_func(): 0/0")
+        p.write_text("def test_func(): 0/0", encoding="utf-8")
         result, dom = run_and_parse(family=xunit_family)
         assert result.ret
         node = dom.find_first_by_tag("testsuite")
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ class TestNonPython:
                     return "custom item runtest failed"
         """
         )
-        pytester.path.joinpath("myfile.xyz").write_text("hello")
+        pytester.path.joinpath("myfile.xyz").write_text("hello", encoding="utf-8")
         result, dom = run_and_parse(family=xunit_family)
         assert result.ret
         node = dom.find_first_by_tag("testsuite")
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ def test_nullbyte(pytester: Pytester, junit_logging: str) -> None:
     )
     xmlf = pytester.path.joinpath("junit.xml")
     pytester.runpytest("--junitxml=%s" % xmlf, "-o", "junit_logging=%s" % junit_logging)
-    text = xmlf.read_text()
+    text = xmlf.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     assert "\x00" not in text
     if junit_logging == "system-out":
         assert "#x00" in text
@@ -1035,7 +1035,7 @@ def test_nullbyte_replace(pytester: Pytester, junit_logging: str) -> None:
     )
     xmlf = pytester.path.joinpath("junit.xml")
     pytester.runpytest("--junitxml=%s" % xmlf, "-o", "junit_logging=%s" % junit_logging)
-    text = xmlf.read_text()
+    text = xmlf.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
     if junit_logging == "system-out":
         assert "#x0" in text
     if junit_logging == "no":

testing/test_link_resolve.py

@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@ def test_link_resolve(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         def test_foo():
             raise AssertionError()
         """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
 
     subst = subst_path_linux

testing/test_monkeypatch.py

@@ -324,7 +324,8 @@ def test_importerror(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 
         x = 1
     """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     pytester.path.joinpath("test_importerror.py").write_text(
         textwrap.dedent(
@@ -332,7 +333,8 @@ def test_importerror(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         def test_importerror(monkeypatch):
             monkeypatch.setattr('package.a.x', 2)
     """
-        )
+        ),
+        encoding="utf-8",
     )
     result = pytester.runpytest()
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(
@@ -434,11 +436,13 @@ def test_syspath_prepend_with_namespace_packages(
         ns = d.joinpath("ns_pkg")
         ns.mkdir()
         ns.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text(
-            "__import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)"
+            "__import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)", encoding="utf-8"
         )
         lib = ns.joinpath(dirname)
         lib.mkdir()
-        lib.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text("def check(): return %r" % dirname)
+        lib.joinpath("__init__.py").write_text(
+            "def check(): return %r" % dirname, encoding="utf-8"
+        )
 
     monkeypatch.syspath_prepend("hello")
     import ns_pkg.hello
@@ -457,5 +461,5 @@ def test_syspath_prepend_with_namespace_packages(
     # Should invalidate caches via importlib.invalidate_caches.
     modules_tmpdir = pytester.mkdir("modules_tmpdir")
     monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(str(modules_tmpdir))
-    modules_tmpdir.joinpath("main_app.py").write_text("app = True")
+    modules_tmpdir.joinpath("main_app.py").write_text("app = True", encoding="utf-8")
     from main_app import app  # noqa: F401

testing/test_nose.py

@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@ def test_nose_setup(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         test_hello.teardown = lambda: values.append(2)
     """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-p", "nose")
+    result = pytester.runpytest(
+        p, "-p", "nose", "-Wignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning"
+    )
     result.assert_outcomes(passed=2)
 
 
@@ -76,7 +78,9 @@ def test_nose_setup_func(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 
     """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-p", "nose")
+    result = pytester.runpytest(
+        p, "-p", "nose", "-Wignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning"
+    )
     result.assert_outcomes(passed=2)
 
 
@@ -100,7 +104,9 @@ def test_nose_setup_func_failure(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 
     """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-p", "nose")
+    result = pytester.runpytest(
+        p, "-p", "nose", "-Wignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning"
+    )
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*TypeError: <lambda>()*"])
 
 
@@ -154,7 +160,9 @@ def test_nose_setup_partial(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         test_hello.teardown = my_teardown_partial
     """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-p", "nose")
+    result = pytester.runpytest(
+        p, "-p", "nose", "-Wignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning"
+    )
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*2 passed*"])
 
 
@@ -193,7 +201,9 @@ def test_module_level_setup(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             assert items["setup2"] == ["up", "down", "up"]
     """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest("-p", "nose")
+    result = pytester.runpytest(
+        "-p", "nose", "-Wignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning"
+    )
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*4 passed*"])
 
 
@@ -278,7 +288,7 @@ def test_nose_setup_ordering(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
                 assert self.visited_cls
         """
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest()
+    result = pytester.runpytest("-Wignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning")
     result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*1 passed*"])
 
 
@@ -494,7 +504,7 @@ def test_nose_setup_skipped_if_non_callable(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
             pass
         """,
     )
-    result = pytester.runpytest(p, "-p", "nose")
+    result = pytester.runpytest(p.parent, "-p", "nose")
     assert result.ret == 0
 
 

testing/test_parseopt.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import argparse
+import locale
 import os
 import shlex
 import subprocess
@@ -289,6 +290,10 @@ class TestParser:
 
 
 def test_argcomplete(pytester: Pytester, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    try:
+        encoding = locale.getencoding()  # New in Python 3.11, ignores utf-8 mode
+    except AttributeError:
+        encoding = locale.getpreferredencoding(False)
     try:
         bash_version = subprocess.run(
             ["bash", "--version"],
@@ -296,6 +301,7 @@ def test_argcomplete(pytester: Pytester, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> None:
             stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
             check=True,
             text=True,
+            encoding=encoding,
         ).stdout
     except (OSError, subprocess.CalledProcessError):
         pytest.skip("bash is not available")
@@ -305,7 +311,7 @@ def test_argcomplete(pytester: Pytester, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> None:
 
     script = str(pytester.path.joinpath("test_argcomplete"))
 
-    with open(str(script), "w") as fp:
+    with open(str(script), "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
         # redirect output from argcomplete to stdin and stderr is not trivial
         # http://stackoverflow.com/q/12589419/1307905
         # so we use bash

testing/test_pathlib.py

@@ -100,13 +100,13 @@ class TestImportPath:
     def setuptestfs(self, path: Path) -> None:
         # print "setting up test fs for", repr(path)
         samplefile = path / "samplefile"
-        samplefile.write_text("samplefile\n")
+        samplefile.write_text("samplefile\n", encoding="utf-8")
 
         execfile = path / "execfile"
-        execfile.write_text("x=42")
+        execfile.write_text("x=42", encoding="utf-8")
 
         execfilepy = path / "execfile.py"
-        execfilepy.write_text("x=42")
+        execfilepy.write_text("x=42", encoding="utf-8")
 
         d = {1: 2, "hello": "world", "answer": 42}
         path.joinpath("samplepickle").write_bytes(pickle.dumps(d, 1))
@@ -120,9 +120,9 @@ class TestImportPath:
         otherdir.joinpath("__init__.py").touch()
 
         module_a = otherdir / "a.py"
-        module_a.write_text("from .b import stuff as result\n")
+        module_a.write_text("from .b import stuff as result\n", encoding="utf-8")
         module_b = otherdir / "b.py"
-        module_b.write_text('stuff="got it"\n')
+        module_b.write_text('stuff="got it"\n', encoding="utf-8")
         module_c = otherdir / "c.py"
         module_c.write_text(
             dedent(
@@ -131,7 +131,8 @@ class TestImportPath:
             import otherdir.a
             value = otherdir.a.result
         """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         module_d = otherdir / "d.py"
         module_d.write_text(
@@ -141,7 +142,8 @@ class TestImportPath:
             from otherdir import a
             value2 = a.result
         """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
     def test_smoke_test(self, path1: Path) -> None:
@@ -283,7 +285,7 @@ class TestImportPath:
     def simple_module(self, tmp_path: Path) -> Path:
         fn = tmp_path / "_src/tests/mymod.py"
         fn.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
-        fn.write_text("def foo(x): return 40 + x")
+        fn.write_text("def foo(x): return 40 + x", encoding="utf-8")
         return fn
 
     def test_importmode_importlib(self, simple_module: Path, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
@@ -447,7 +449,7 @@ def test_samefile_false_negatives(tmp_path: Path, monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> N
     return False, even when they are clearly equal.
     """
     module_path = tmp_path.joinpath("my_module.py")
-    module_path.write_text("def foo(): return 42")
+    module_path.write_text("def foo(): return 42", encoding="utf-8")
     monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(tmp_path)
 
     with monkeypatch.context() as mp:
@@ -473,7 +475,8 @@ class TestImportLibMode:
                 class Data:
                     value: str
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         module = import_path(fn, mode="importlib", root=tmp_path)
@@ -498,7 +501,8 @@ class TestImportLibMode:
                     s = pickle.dumps(_action)
                     return pickle.loads(s)
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         module = import_path(fn, mode="importlib", root=tmp_path)
@@ -525,7 +529,8 @@ class TestImportLibMode:
                 class Data:
                     x: int = 42
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         fn2 = tmp_path.joinpath("_src/m2/tests/test.py")
@@ -540,7 +545,8 @@ class TestImportLibMode:
                 class Data:
                     x: str = ""
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         import pickle

testing/test_pluginmanager.py

@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ class TestPytestPluginManager:
         pytest.raises(ImportError, pytestpm.import_plugin, "pytest_qweqwex.y")
 
         pytester.syspathinsert()
-        pytester.mkpydir("pkg").joinpath("plug.py").write_text("x=3")
+        pytester.mkpydir("pkg").joinpath("plug.py").write_text("x=3", encoding="utf-8")
         pluginname = "pkg.plug"
         pytestpm.import_plugin(pluginname)
         mod = pytestpm.get_plugin("pkg.plug")

testing/test_pytester.py

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class TestInlineRunModulesCleanup:
         result = pytester.inline_run(str(test_mod))
         assert result.ret == ExitCode.OK
         # rewrite module, now test should fail if module was re-imported
-        test_mod.write_text("def test_foo(): assert False")
+        test_mod.write_text("def test_foo(): assert False", encoding="utf-8")
         result2 = pytester.inline_run(str(test_mod))
         assert result2.ret == ExitCode.TESTS_FAILED
 

testing/test_reports.py

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ class TestReportSerialization:
     ) -> None:
         sub_dir = pytester.path.joinpath("ns")
         sub_dir.mkdir()
-        sub_dir.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text("import unknown")
+        sub_dir.joinpath("conftest.py").write_text("import unknown", encoding="utf-8")
 
         result = pytester.runpytest_subprocess(".")
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["E   *Error: No module named 'unknown'"])

testing/test_session.py

@@ -265,9 +265,9 @@ def test_plugin_already_exists(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 
 def test_exclude(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     hellodir = pytester.mkdir("hello")
-    hellodir.joinpath("test_hello.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror")
+    hellodir.joinpath("test_hello.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror", encoding="utf-8")
     hello2dir = pytester.mkdir("hello2")
-    hello2dir.joinpath("test_hello2.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror")
+    hello2dir.joinpath("test_hello2.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror", encoding="utf-8")
     pytester.makepyfile(test_ok="def test_pass(): pass")
     result = pytester.runpytest("--ignore=hello", "--ignore=hello2")
     assert result.ret == 0
@@ -276,13 +276,13 @@ def test_exclude(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 
 def test_exclude_glob(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
     hellodir = pytester.mkdir("hello")
-    hellodir.joinpath("test_hello.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror")
+    hellodir.joinpath("test_hello.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror", encoding="utf-8")
     hello2dir = pytester.mkdir("hello2")
-    hello2dir.joinpath("test_hello2.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror")
+    hello2dir.joinpath("test_hello2.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror", encoding="utf-8")
     hello3dir = pytester.mkdir("hallo3")
-    hello3dir.joinpath("test_hello3.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror")
+    hello3dir.joinpath("test_hello3.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror", encoding="utf-8")
     subdir = pytester.mkdir("sub")
-    subdir.joinpath("test_hello4.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror")
+    subdir.joinpath("test_hello4.py").write_text("x y syntaxerror", encoding="utf-8")
     pytester.makepyfile(test_ok="def test_pass(): pass")
     result = pytester.runpytest("--ignore-glob=*h[ea]llo*")
     assert result.ret == 0

testing/test_skipping.py

@@ -195,7 +195,8 @@ class TestEvaluation:
             def pytest_markeval_namespace():
                 return {"arg": "root"}
             """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         root.joinpath("test_root.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -206,7 +207,8 @@ class TestEvaluation:
             def test_root():
                 assert False
             """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         foo = root.joinpath("foo")
         foo.mkdir()
@@ -219,7 +221,8 @@ class TestEvaluation:
             def pytest_markeval_namespace():
                 return {"arg": "foo"}
             """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         foo.joinpath("test_foo.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -230,7 +233,8 @@ class TestEvaluation:
             def test_foo():
                 assert False
             """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         bar = root.joinpath("bar")
         bar.mkdir()
@@ -243,7 +247,8 @@ class TestEvaluation:
             def pytest_markeval_namespace():
                 return {"arg": "bar"}
             """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         bar.joinpath("test_bar.py").write_text(
             textwrap.dedent(
@@ -254,7 +259,8 @@ class TestEvaluation:
             def test_bar():
                 assert False
             """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
 
         reprec = pytester.inline_run("-vs", "--capture=no")
@@ -629,7 +635,8 @@ class TestXFail:
 
             @pytest.mark.xfail(reason='unsupported feature', strict=%s)
             def test_foo():
-                with open('foo_executed', 'w'): pass  # make sure test executes
+                with open('foo_executed', 'w', encoding='utf-8'):
+                    pass  # make sure test executes
         """
             % strict
         )

testing/test_stepwise.py

@@ -352,6 +352,6 @@ def test_one():
     assert result.ret == 0
 
     assert Path(stepwise_cache_file).exists()
-    with stepwise_cache_file.open() as file_handle:
+    with stepwise_cache_file.open(encoding="utf-8") as file_handle:
         observed_value = file_handle.readlines()
     assert [expected_value] == observed_value

testing/test_terminal.py

@@ -244,7 +244,8 @@ class TestTerminal:
                     def test_method(self):
                         pass
                 """
-            )
+            ),
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         result = pytester.runpytest("-vv")
         assert result.ret == 0
@@ -1567,7 +1568,8 @@ class TestGenericReporting:
             """
 def pytest_report_header(config, start_path):
     return ["line1", str(start_path)]
-"""
+""",
+            encoding="utf-8",
         )
         result = pytester.runpytest("a")
         result.stdout.fnmatch_lines(["*hello: 42*", "line1", str(pytester.path)])
@@ -1671,7 +1673,7 @@ def test_fdopen_kept_alive_issue124(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
         import os, sys
         k = []
         def test_open_file_and_keep_alive(capfd):
-            stdout = os.fdopen(1, 'w', 1)
+            stdout = os.fdopen(1, 'w', buffering=1, encoding='utf-8')
             k.append(stdout)
 
         def test_close_kept_alive_file():

testing/test_tmpdir.py

@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ def test_basetemp_with_read_only_files(pytester: Pytester) -> None:
 
         def test(tmp_path):
             fn = tmp_path / 'foo.txt'
-            fn.write_text('hello')
+            fn.write_text('hello', encoding='utf-8')
             mode = os.stat(str(fn)).st_mode
             os.chmod(str(fn), mode & ~stat.S_IREAD)
     """

testing/test_warnings.py

@@ -518,7 +518,8 @@ class TestDeprecationWarningsByDefault:
         assert WARNINGS_SUMMARY_HEADER not in result.stdout.str()
 
 
-@pytest.mark.skip("not relevant until pytest 8.0")
+# In 8.1, uncomment below and change RemovedIn8 -> RemovedIn9.
+# @pytest.mark.skip("not relevant until pytest 9.0")
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("change_default", [None, "ini", "cmdline"])
 def test_removed_in_x_warning_as_error(pytester: Pytester, change_default) -> None:
     """This ensures that PytestRemovedInXWarnings raised by pytest are turned into errors.
@@ -810,12 +811,12 @@ def test_resource_warning(pytester: Pytester, monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -
     pytester.makepyfile(
         """
         def open_file(p):
-            f = p.open("r")
+            f = p.open("r", encoding="utf-8")
             assert p.read_text() == "hello"
 
         def test_resource_warning(tmp_path):
             p = tmp_path.joinpath("foo.txt")
-            p.write_text("hello")
+            p.write_text("hello", encoding="utf-8")
             open_file(p)
         """
     )

tox.ini

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ passenv =
 setenv =
     _PYTEST_TOX_DEFAULT_POSARGS={env:_PYTEST_TOX_POSARGS_DOCTESTING:} {env:_PYTEST_TOX_POSARGS_LSOF:} {env:_PYTEST_TOX_POSARGS_XDIST:}
 
+    # See https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html#io-encoding-warning
+    # If we don't enable this, neither can any of our downstream users!
+    PYTHONWARNDEFAULTENCODING=1
+
     # Configuration to run with coverage similar to CI, e.g.
     # "tox -e py37-coverage".
     coverage: _PYTEST_TOX_COVERAGE_RUN=coverage run -m